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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ORGANIC MANURES, DECOMPOSERS ON NUTRIENT RELEASE, GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-30) KARALE GANGADHAR YAMAJI; DEVAKUMAR, N.Field experiment was conducted at research and demonstration block of Research Institute on Organic Farming, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during Kharif 2017 and 2018 to study the combined effect of different sources of organic manures, decomposers on nutrient release, growth and yield of chilli. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with 12 treatments and replicated thrice. Among different organic manures, application of vermicompost has recorded significantly higher plant height (82.76 and 87.37 cm at harvest ), leaf area (868.68 and 903.97 cm2 plant-1 at 90 DAT), total dry matter accumulation (32.43 and 36.33 g plant-1 at harvest), fruit yield (20.47 and 23.09 t ha-1) and stalk yield (5.28 and 6.15 t ha-1) as compared to application of FYM (73.86 and 77.7 cm, 778.66 and 808.28 cm2 plant-1, 28.94 and 32.24 g plant-1, 18.27 and 20.54 t ha-1 and 4.74 and 5.50 t ha-1) during both season. Among decomposers, soil application of jeevamrutha has recorded significantly higher plant height (86.16 and 91.05 cm), leaf area (904 and 941.73 cm2 plant-1), total dry matter accumulation (33.76 and 37.89 g plant-1), fruit yield (21.31 and 24.06 t ha-1) and stalk yield (5.50 and 6.41 t ha-1) as compared to application of NCOF-decomposers (65.66 and 68.87 cm, 692.17 and 716.40 cm2 plant-1, 25.73 and 28.47 g plant-1, 16.24 and 18.20 t ha-1 and 4.21 and 4.88 t ha-1). The second experiment was laid out in Completely Randomised Design with 20 treatments and replicated thrice. Among different organic manures, significantly higher amount of NH4 + -N was recorded with poultry manure application (21.02 to 16.83 mg kg-1) as compare to control. Similarly, among decomposers, jeevamrutha application has recorded higher NH4 + -N (18.35 to 14.65 mg kg-1 at 0 to 60 DAI) compared to control.ThesisItem Open Access PRECISION NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.) USING CROP SENSORS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-11-09) PRAKASHA, G.; MUDALAGIRIYAPPAField studies were conducted at ZARS, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif 2016 and 2017 on red sandy clay loam soil with spatial variability of NPK was from 241.20 to 192.50 kg for N, 47.00 to 39.00 kg for P2O5 and 258.50 to 282.50 kg for K2O ha-1 , respectively during 2016 and 2017. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of twelve treatments and replicated thrice. The results revealed that, application of nutrients through STCR based NPK management for target yield of 11 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher grain yield (110.46 q ha-1 ) and nutrient uptake (223.29, 62.43 and 165.19 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 , respectively). Nitrogen use efficiency in terms of recovery efficiency (79.79 %), agronomic efficiency (51.40 kg kg-1 ) and physiological efficiency (53.37 kg kg-1 ) registered higher in GreenSeeker based nitrogen management. Higher net returns (` 1,37,430 ha-1 ) was noticed in nitrogen management through SSNM for target yield of 11 t ha-1 . Whereas, higher B: C (3.59) was registered in GreenSeeker based nitrogen management. Results of precision nitrogen management practices through GreenSeeker revealed that, significantly higher maize grain yield (104.07 q ha-1 ) and nutrient uptake (201.00, 57.30 and 131.90 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 , respectively) was recorded with the application of 50 kg ha-1 N as basal + GreenSeeker guided N application @ 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS. Application of 25 kg ha-1 N as basal + GreenSeeker guided N application @ 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS recorded significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency (81.50 kg kg-1), recovery efficiency (87.04%), agronomic efficiency (46.96 kg kg-1), physiological efficiency (55.46 kg kg-1) and superior net returns and B: C (` 1,41,455 ha-1 and 3.93, respectively).ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON NUTRIENT AND WEED MANAGEMENT IN HYBRID COTTON (Gossypium spp.) UNDER SOUTHERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2018-12-10) HONNAPPA, H. M; SHEKARA, B. G.The study comprising of two field experiments were conducted at ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya during Kharif season of 2016 and 2017 in Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka to optimize levels of major nutrients and to identify suitable herbicides for effective controlling of weeds in hybrid cotton. The experiment on nutrient management was laid out in RCBD with three replications using factorial concept involving nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels. The results revealed that application of 150 kg N ha-1 (irrespective of P and K) recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (1857 kg ha-1 ), nutrient uptake (114.01, 33.31 and 127.44 kg NPK ha-1 ) and net returns (` 46,198 ha-1 ). Among the phosphorus levels, significantly higher seed cotton yield (2046 kg ha-1 ), nutrient uptake (125.63, 36.70 and 140.42 kg NPK ha-1 ) and net returns (` 54,383) were recorded with application of 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 (irrespective of N and K). Among potassium levels, application of 100 kg K2O ha-1 (irrespective of N and P) recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (1942 kg ha-1 ), nutrient uptake (119.25, 34.84 and 133.29 kg NPK ha-1 ) and net returns (` 49,608 ha-1 ). The experiment on weed management was laid out in RCBD and replicated thrice. Pendimethalin 38.75 EC @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as preemergence spray at 3 DAS fb Pyrithiobac sodium 10 SC @ 62.5 g a.i. ha-1 + Fenoxaprop p ethyl 9 EC @ 62.5 g a.i. ha-1 at 2 to 4 leaf stage of weeds with hoeing at 60 DAS recorded higher seed cotton yield (2104 kg ha-1 ), WCE (72.80%) and net returns (` 56,296 ha-1 ) over weedy check.ThesisItem Open Access BIO-EFFICACY OF HERBICIDE COMBINATIONS FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN DRY DIRECTSEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-10-10) NAGARJUN, P.; Dhanapal, G. N.A field experiment entitled “Bio-efficacy of herbicide combinations for weed management in dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted during kharif 2016 and 2017 at Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bengaluru, involving twelve treatments laid out in RCBD design with three replications using MAS 946-1 variety. The treatments comprised of nine pre- and post-emergence herbicide combinations, hand weeding, mechanical weeding and weedy check. Major weeds observed were Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Commelina benghalensis and Alternanthera sessilis. Pooled analysis indicated that hand weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAS recorded highest grain (5.50 t ha-1 ) and straw yield (7.22 t ha-1 ) and it was on par with bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor fb bispyribac sodium (5.39 and 7.16 t ha-1 , respectively) and bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor fb triafamone + ethoxysulfuron (5.29 and 7.03 t ha-1 , respectively). Significantly lower total weed density, dry weight and weed index was recorded in hand weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAS (17.7 m-2 , 4.3 g m-2 and 0.00, respectively) followed by bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor fb bispyribac sodium (19.8 m-2 , 4.6 g m-2 and 2.11 %, respectively) whereas, it was significantly higher in weedy check (108.2 m-2 , 35.8 g m-2 and 74.49 %, respectively).The higher net returns and benefit cost ratio was achieved in bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor fb bispyribac sodium (Rs. 59,275 ha-1 and 2.93, respectively) closely followed by bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor fb triafamone + ethoxysulfuron (Rs. 57,533 ha-1 and 2.88, respectively) without any phytotoxicity on rice crop. Unweeded control recorded significantly lower grain yield (1.40 t ha-1 ), straw yield (2.32 t ha-1 ), lower net returns (Rs.-1,912 ha-1 ), lower B:C ratio (0.93). Considering the present labour scarcity and drudgery, herbicides combination was found to be efficient weed management strategy for rice cultivation in dry-direct seeded situations along with least effect on soil microflora and residual black gram crop.ThesisItem Open Access ORGANIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN OKRA [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench](University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Bengaluru, 2018-12-03) VISHWAJITH; DEVAKUMAR, N.Field experiments were conducted during kharif, 2016 and summer, 2017 at organic farming research and development block, UAS, Bengaluru to study the effect of Organic Nutrient Management in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] under Factorial Randomised Complete Block Design with 12 treatments replicated thrice. The first experiment consisted of three factors viz., FYM (100, 150 and 200 % N equivalents through FYM), jeevamrutha (0 and 2000 L ha-1 ) and panchagavya (0 and 5 %) levels. Application of 200 per cent N equivalent through FYM recorded significantly higher fruit yield (9.59 and 11.31 t ha-1 ) as compared to 100 per cent N equivalent through FYM (7.38 and 8.52 t ha-1 ). Soil application of jeevamrutha (2000 L ha-1 ) recorded significantly higher fruit yield (9.56 and 11.11 t ha-1 ) as compared to without application of jeevamrutha (7.64 and 9.07 t ha-1 ) and foliar spray of panchagavya (5 %) recorded significantly higher fruit yield (9.15 and 10.58 t ha-1 ) as compared to without panchagavya (8.05 and 9.60 t ha-1 ) application during both the years, respectively. Interaction of these treatments did not differ significantly. The second experiment was laid out in Randomised Completely Block Design. There were twelve treatments consisted with different proportions of organic manures viz., compost, vermicompost and poultry manure and were replicated thrice. Among the different proportions of organic manure treatments, T12 [T5 (C:VC:PM-50:25:25 %) + application of jeevamrutha at 20, 40, 60 and 80 DAS] recorded significantly higher fruit yield (7.41 and 8.98 t ha-1 ) as compared to rest of treatments. Whereas, application of 100 per cent N equivalent through compost alone (T1) recorded lower fruit yield (T1-5.43 and 6.37 t ha-1 ) during kharif, 2016 and summer, 2017, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access ECOFRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. CAUSING FOOT ROT IN FINGER MILLET(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-10-29) RAVEENDRA, H. R.; NAGARAJA, A.Foot rot incited by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a major production constraint in finger millet in irrigated and high rainfall situations. Roving survey revealed that the foot rot incidence ranged from 4.45 to 19.91 per cent in different districts of South Karnataka. Among the native antagonistic isolates of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas from Mandya district. tested against S. rolfsii in-vitro, Trichoderma isolate CT was very effective by inhibiting 72.22 per cent of the radial growth; whereas, in Pseudomonas, KP was the potential isolate with 57.04 per cent inhibition. Amongst the potential native bio-agents; tested against S. rolfsii under greenhouse condition, Chandagalu isolate (CT) of Trichoderma and Kannahatty isolate (KP) of Pseudomonas recorded lesser foot rot incidence and higher grain yield. These elite isolates were identified as T. asperellum and P. putida respectively through ITS primers and 16s rDNA. Eco-friendly management practices of foot rot in finger millet under greenhouse and field conditions by different delivery methods revealed that, seedling root dip followed by soil application of compost enriched with T. asperellum and P. putida (500 g each) incubated for 15 days and applied at the rate of 30 kg ac-1 significantly reduced the disease to as low as 2.2 and less than 4 per cent respectively, besides producing higher grain yield and fodder yield. Among the different finger millet varieties evaluated against S. rolfsii, GPU-28, GPU-48 and KMR204 that recorded less than 5 per cent of mean foot rot incidence were resistant. Validation to create awareness among the farmers, about the eco-friendly management practices of foot rot in finger millet, seedling root dip followed by soil application of T. asperellum and P. putida along with enriched compost revealed reduction in mean per cent foot rot incidence recording higher grain and fodder yield over the farmers practice.ThesisItem Open Access OPTIMIZATION OF WEED MANAGEMENT THROUGH AGRO-TECHNIQUES IN AEROBIC RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-10-14) HABIMANA SYLVESTRE; Kalyana Murthy, K. N.The weed management investigations were carried out on red sandy loam soil with medium in available NPK during summer 2017 and 2018 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Bengaluru, consisting of two different field experiments which were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The results of the experiment on standardization of the agro-techniques for weed management in aerobic rice revealed that application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 35 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence spray followed by bispyribac sodium 10 % SC @ 30 ml a.i. ha-1 as early post-emergence spray recorded significantly lower weed density, weed dry weight and weed index (3.80 %) due to higher weed control efficiency (90.52 %). This helped in obtaining higher rice grain and straw yield (5800 & 9786 kg ha-1, respectively), plant height (58.42 cm), total dry matter production (149.84 g plant-1), productive tillers hill-1 (40.32), panicle length (24.53 cm), 1000 grain weight (25.35 g), net returns (`62424 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.59). Another experiment on weed management in aerobic rice through intercropping recorded higher crop biomass and higher weed suppression. Sole rice was densely infested by weeds and also had higher weed biomass compared to the intercrops. However, intercrops suppressed efficiently the weeds, increased crop growth and rice equivalent yield over the sole rice crop. The intercropping system of rice with leafy palak vegetable (spinach) was the most suppressive of weeds. Among the treatments, rice + leafy vegetable palak recorded significantly lower weed density (138.4 NO. m-2), dry weight at harvest (148.04 g m-2), higher weed smothering efficiency (46.95 %), higher rice grain, rice straw and palak leaf yield (7651; 9687 and 25508 kg ha-1, respectively), higher rice equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio (16153 kg ha-1 and 2.13, respectively), besides the higher gross returns (`2,56,842 ha-1), net returns (`2,12,860 ha-1) and B:C ratio (5.84) over the sole rice.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF MAIZE-COWPEA SEQUENCE TO TREATED SUGAR MILL EFFLUENT IRRIGATION UNDER DIFFERENT NUTRIENT AND MOISTURE REGIMES IN CAUVERY COMMAND AREA(University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Bengaluru, 2018-11-20) LINGARAJU, N. N.; Bhaskar, S.A field experiment was conducted on the “Response of maize-cowpea sequence to treated sugar mill effluent irrigation under different nutrient and moisture regimes in Cauvery command area” in the premises of Research and Development Farm of M/s Sri Chamundeshwari Sugars Limited, K.M. Doddi, Maddur taluk, Mandya District during Kharif and Rabi/Summer 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment had twelve treatments with three replications. The results revealed that significantly higher grain (124.4 q ha-1) and stover (193.0 q ha-1) yield of maize was obtained with application of treated sugar mill effluent (TSME) with amendment (gypsum) + SSNM for targeted yield of 120 q ha- 1. Nutrient uptake and soil properties viz., available soil nutrients N, P2O5 and K2O after harvest of maize significantly differed with treatments receiving treated sugar mill effluent with amendment (gypsum) + SSNM for targeted yield of 120 q ha-1 (T12), Whereas lower uptake of N, P, K was noticed with fresh water + RDF. With respect to residual effect of the treatments on the succeeding cowpea, higher seed yield (955kg ha-1), nutrients uptake and soil available nutrients was recorded with TSME with amendment (gypsum) + SSNM for targeted yield of 120 q ha-1 as compared to all the other treatments in maize-cowpea sequence. The second experiment was laid out in split plot design with 12 treatments combinations and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of six main plot treatments of IW/CPE and two sub plot treatments (mulching and without mulching). Kernel and stover yield of maize was recorded higher with the treatment receiving 0.9 IW/CPE ratio with treated sugar mill effluent with sugarcane trash mulching (79.8 and 162.7 q ha-1, respectively) compared to other treatment combinations. Treatment with 0.5 IW/CPE ratio with fresh water (59.6 and 100.1 q ha-1, respectively) across all the treatments resulted in lower kernel and stover yield. Similar trend was observed in growth and yield parameters, economics, nutrient uptake and soil properties.ThesisItem Open Access CROP WEATHER RELATIONSHIP, SOIL WATER BALANCE AND MODELING IN PIGEONPEA VARIETIES UNDER VARIED DATE OF SOWING AND SPACING(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2018-08-31) SHARANAPPA, KURI; SHIVARAMU, H. S.A field experiment was conducted at GKVK, UAS, Bengaluru on red sandy clay loam texture soil during kharif 2015-16 and 2016-17 under rainfed condition. The 18 treatments with three factors consist, row spacing (60, 90 and 120 cm), varieties (TTB-7 and BRG-2) and date of sowing (May, June and July) replicated thrice by using RCBD with factorial concept. The results revealed that 60-90 cm row spacing of TTB-7 sown in May month significantly gave higher grain yield (914 to 1149 kg ha-1) and use efficiencies of heat, photothermal, heliothermal, hydrothermal, radiation and water. Besides, showing significantly lower light transmission and higher light absorption ratio at all phenophases as compared to other treatments. However, wider row spacing (120 cm) of TTB-7 sown in May month recorded significantly more duration (179 to 190 days) and took more accumulated heat, photothermal and heliothermal units as compared to other treatments. At 45 per cent of PASM (per cent available soil moisture) the decline in yield of pigeonpea was almost 50 per cent (843 kg ha-1) of the optimum yield. Thus, the critical limit of PASM to declare drought can be considered at 45 per cent. Interestingly combination of year and dates of sowing had lower relative mean error (-97.8 %), root mean square error (231011) and coefficient of residual mass (0.49) for second date sown pigeonpea in 2015-16. So, we can conclude that coefficients generated from this combination are more applicable.