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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) – FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana(L.) Gaertn.) CROPPING SYSTEM IN THE EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-11-11) ANANDA, M.R.; SHARANAPPAField experiments were conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2015 and 2016 in farmer’s field of Chintamani taluk, Chikkaballapura district to develop organic production technologies for groundnut-finger millet sequence cropping system. The results revealed that application of EBDLM @ 25 kg N equi. ha-1 + three sprays of 3 per cent panchagavya recorded significantly higher pod and haulm yield of groun dnut (2231 and 3387 kg ha-1 respectively) as compared to other treatments which was evidenced by higher total dry mater accumulation and LAI (17.38 g plant-1 and 2.73 respectively) along with number of pods plant-1 (35.98) and kernel yield (1608 kg ha-1). Significantly higher grain yield and straw yield of finger millet (3787 and 5125 kg ha-1) was recorded with the application of EBDLM @ 50 kg N equi. ha-1 + three sprays of 3 per cent panchagavya as evidenced by more productive tillers plant-1, number of fingers earhead-1, earhead length and higher total drymatter accumulation plant-1(7.33, 9.33, 12.58 cm and 59.41 g, respectively). This could be attributed to more number of tillers plant-1 and LAI (7.87 and 2.98 respectively). Application of EBDLM @ 50 kg N equi. ha-1 + three sprays of 3 per cent panchagavya recorded higher oil and protein yield (799.64 and 430.55 kg ha-1 respectively) in groundnut and higher iron, calcium and protein (4.86 mg 100 g-1, 345.43 mg 100 g-1 and 10.95 %, respectively) content in finger millet grains. Significantly higher uptake of NPK (113.68, 12.80 and 100.97 kg ha-1, respectively in ground nut and 129.93, 12.70 and 82.10 kg ha-1, respectively in finger millet), availability (272.55, 38.52 and 170.65 kg ha-1, respectively in groundnut and 282.05, 50.22 and 182.40 kg ha-1, respectively in finger millet) and also net return and B:C ratio (Rs.79747 ha-1 and 3.14 respectively in groundnut and Rs. 113671 ha-1 and 3.85 respectively in finger millet) was recorded with EBDLM @ 25 kg N equi. ha-1 + three sprays of 3 % panchagavya in ground nut and 50 kg N equi. ha-1 + three sprays of 3 per cent panchagavya in finger millet crop. Pot culture experiment results indicated that, application of pongamia BDLM followed by glyricidia BDLM each @ 25 kg N equi. ha-1 recorded significantly higher pod and haulm yield (29.80 and 40.30 g plant-1) of groundnut as compared to other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF WEEDS COMPOST IN MAIZE-GROUNDNUT SYSTEM AND CROP GROWTH MODELING IN MAIZE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-11-11) PRAMOD, G.; RAMACHANDRA PRASAD, T.V.A field experiment was conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 at Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bengaluru, to study the influence of weeds’ compost on productivity soil health and to know growth pattern through functional crop growth models. Fourteen treatments comprised were four weeds’ composts namely Chromolaena, Parthenium, Cassia, water hyacinth and FYM to supply 25 % Nitrogen along with 75% and 100% recommended fertilizer dose (RDF), 10 tons ha-1 FYM+ 100% RDF, 75% and 100% of RDF alone and absolute control. The RCBD design for maize –groundnut cropping system with three replications were followed. The higher kernel yields of maize were obtained with the application of 25 % N through four weeds’ composts and FYM + 100 % RDF application (6124 to 6248 kg ha-1) and were similar to the yield obtained in plot treated with 10 tons ha-1 of FYM + 100% RDF (6301 kg ha-1). Further, maize treated with 75% RDF along with 25% N through four weeds’ compost gave significantly higher kernel yield than 100% RDF alone (3766 kg/ha) and 25% N through FYM + 75% RDF (4018 kg/ha), 75% RDF alone (2568 kg/ha) and absolute control (1622 kg/ha). nevertheless, residual effect of these four weed composts and FYM at 25 % N substitution along with 75% and 100% RDF applied to previous maize on succeeding groundnut was conspicuous by providing higher kernel yield (1279 to 1410 kg ha-1), as compared to 75% RDF alone (702 kg ha-1) or 100% RDF alone (1159 kg ha-1) correspondingly. However, kernel yield was significantly lower in absolute control plot (574 kg ha-1) as compared to nutrients’ supplied plots in succeeding groundnut. Use of 25 % N from four weeds’ composts and FYM in maize-groundnut cropping systems along with 75% or 100% RDF produced the higher growth and yield attributes, organic carbon, available nutrients in soil, nutrients uptake by crops and substantial increase in soil biological health in terms of soil microbial biomass C and N, and phosphatase activity than the corresponding fertilizer alone and were similar to FYM usage. Further, the use of compost did not affect the time dependent growth phenomenon, but increased the dry matter production and lowered the phyllochrone requirement for leaf emergence in maize-groundnut cropping system as observed through functional crop growth models.ThesisItem Open Access PRECISION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN AEROBIC RICE UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-11) PRABHUDEVA, D. S.; NagarajuField studies on precision management practices in aerobic rice under drip irrigation was conducted at ZARS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2015 and 2016 on red sandy loam soil with medium available NPK with an objective to assess the spatial variability, precision nutrient management for targeted yield of rice and to study the effect of precision management practices on growth, yield, water productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of aerobic rice under drip irrigation. The experiment on precision nutrient management for targeted yield of rice was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Application of N & K in four equal splits up to 105 DAS recorded significantly higher grain yield (10.38 t ha-1) and net returns (` 1,06,394 ha-1) over application of N & K in three split doses. Moreover higher grain yield (12.08 t ha-1) and net returns (` 1,22,548 ha-1) was recorded at targeted yield level of 12 t ha-1. The experiment on precision management practices for growth and yield of aerobic rice was laid out in RCBD design with factorial concept including one control, one absolute control and replicated thrice. Among precision management practices, application of N & K in four equal splits up to 105 DAS with planting geometry of 25×15 cm with drip irrigation scheduling at 125% PE up to tillering + 150% PE from tillering to PI + 200% PE from PI to physiological maturity recorded higher grain yield (8.56 t ha-1), net returns (` 82,277 ha-1) and 119 per cent higher WUE (73.6 kg ha-cm-1) than control. Fertilizer recommendation based on STCR approach saved 50.75 per cent nitrogenous and 87.3 per cent potassic fertilizers compared to general recommendation of fertilizers for targeted yield of 6 t ha-1.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING GEOMETRY, METHODS OF ESTABLISHMENT AND NUTRIENT SOURCES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-24) NARAYAN, HEBBAL; RAMACHANDRAPPA, B. K.Field experiment was conducted at Dryland Agriculture project, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during Kharif 2015 and 2016, to study the effect of planting geometry, methods of establishment and nutrient sources on growth and yield of finger millet. Experiment consisting of 12 treatment combinations comprising two methods of establishment (M1: Direct sowing and M2: Transplanting), three planting geometry (S1: 30 × 10 cm, S2: 30 × 30 cm and S3: 45 × 30 cm) and two levels of nutrient sources (N1: RDF + FYM @ 7.5 t ha-1 and N2: FYM @ 7.5 t ha-1 + FYM on N equivalent basis) laid out in RCBD design with factorial concept replicated thrice on red sandy loam soil having slightly acidic pH (5.70), low in organic carbon (0.45 %), low in available nitrogen (213.24 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorous (26.50 kg ha-1) and low in available potassium (113.48 kg ha-1). Transplanting has recorded significantly higher grain yield (2671 kg ha-1), WUE (18.40 kg ha-mm-1), nutrient uptake (56.80, 18.65 and 49.46 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1, respectively), net returns (` 72786 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.16) compared to direct sowing. Among different planting geometry recommended spacing has recorded higher grain yield (2737 kg ha-1),WUE (15.62 kg ha-mm-1), nutrient uptake (59.28, 18.98 and 50.84 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1, respectively), net returns (` 76825 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.30) compared to 30 × 30 cm and 45 × 30 cm. Application of recommended dose (FYM at 7.5 t ha-1 + RDF 50:40:37.5 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1) has recorded higher grain yield (2701 kg ha-1), WUE (15.61 kg ha-mm-1), nutrient uptake (57.72, 18.95 and 51.57 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1, respectively), net returns (` 78326 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.64).ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION POTENTIALS OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CENTRAL DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-05-10) PRIYA, P.; Krishnamurthy, N.India has attained self-sufficiency in food production, but the productivity of its farms is below that of Brazil, United States, France and many other nations. There has been substantial gain in production over the past few decades, still the task of meeting the food, fodder and fuel needs of increasing human and livestock population remain a formidable challenge before scientific community. The National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) has estimated that India may need 301.00 M T of food grain by 2025 AD, if the present trend of population growth does not decline (Kanwar and Katyal, 1997). With increase in population and static or decline in cultivated area, the per capita availability of land in India has decreased from 0.48 ha as in 1951 to 0.12 ha in 2015 (Anon., 2016b). Under the given situation of diversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural purpose and limited scope of extensive agriculture, it is extremely difficult to meet this target. The only option available is time and space utilization in agriculture through intensive cropping system (Sankaran and Rangaswamy, 1990).ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-02-03) KAVITHA, H.; Krishnamurthy, N.A field experiment entitled “Integrated nutrient management practices to improve productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under rainfed condition” was laid out in Split plot design conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Chintamani, Chikkaballapur district, Karnataka during kharif 2006 and 2007. Among organic and inorganic manurial experiment application of crop residues @ 5 t ha-1 + Cellulolytic microbes + seed treatment with biofertilizers + 250 kg neem cake ha-1 + rock phosphate produced significantly higher total dry matter production, leaf area index, number of pods, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage, higher pod and haulm yield of groundnut (1136 kg ha-1 and 2300 kg ha-1, respectively) than other treatments. Higher gross returns (Rs. 26,310 ha-1), net returns (Rs.16,899 ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.79) was recorded in application of crop residues @ 5 t ha-1 + Cellulolytic microbes + seed treatment with biofertilizers + 250 kg neem cake ha-1 + rock phosphate with GPBD-4 variety. Among the integrated micronutrient experiment, application of compost @ 10 t ha-1 + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 10 kg ha-1 + soil application of boric acid @ 6 kg ha-1 produced significantly higher total dry matter production, leaf area index, number of pods, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage, higher pod and haulm yield of groundnut (1293 & 2593 kg ha-1, respectively) than other treatments. Application of compost @ 10 tha-1 + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 10 kg ha-1 + soil application of boric acid @ 6 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher net returns (Rs. 19357 ha-1) and application of NPK + ZnSO4 soil application at 30 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher benefit cost ratio (2.77) as compared to the other treatments. In both the experiments, groundnut genotypes were on par with respect to the yield and yield parameters, quality, uptake and soil nutrients status.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON HERBIGATION IN AEROBIC RICE [Oryza sativa L.](UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-27) ABHISHEK, G.M; Thimmegowda, M.N.A field experiment was conducted during summer 2015 at ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru involving twelve treatments laid out in RCBD design with three replications in drip irrigated aerobic rice using KRH-4 hybrid. The treatments comprised pre and post emergent herbigation, hand weeding, intercultivation, their combinations, weedy check and weed free check. Among herbigation treatments, pre-emergent herbigation of pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl 6.6 % GR @ 10 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding + one intercultivation (T10) recorded higher grain (8954 kg ha-1) and straw yield (11371 kg ha-1), it was on par with weed free check (9460 and 12235 kg ha-1, respectively). Similar trends were also observed in growth and yield attributes. Weedy check recorded significantly lower grain and straw yield (1379 and 1676 kg ha-1, respectively). Significantly lower total weed population, dry weight and weed index was recorded in weed free check (0.0 0.25 m-2, 0.0 kg ha-1 and 0.0 %, respectively) followed by T10 (18.67 0.25 m-2, 1716 kg ha-1 and 5.25 %, respectively) whereas it was significantly higher in weedy check (70.67 0.25 m-2, 10790 kg ha-1 and 85.46 %, respectively). Higher weed control efficiency and net returns was achieved in weed free check (100 % and Rs. 103525 ha-1, respectively) followed by T10 (84.09 % and Rs. 98865 ha-1, respectively) indicating the superiority of weed free condition and pre and post emergent herbigation coupled with one intercultivation for weed management in aerobic rice. Considering the labour drudgery, herbigation forms the efficient weed management strategy for drip irrigated aerobic situations.ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF LIQUID MANURES FOR ORGANIC FRENCHBEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) PRODUCTION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-10-20) BASAVARAJ KUMBAR; Devakumar, N.Field experiments were conducted during kharif, 2014 and 2015 at organic farming Research and development block, UAS, Bengaluru for standardisation of liquid manures for organic frenchbean production under Factorial Randomised Complete Block Design with 12 treatments replicated thrice. The first experiment consisted three factors viz., FYM (100, 150 and 200 % N equivalents through FYM), jeevamrutha (0 and 1000 litre ha-1) and panchagavya (0 and 3 %) levels. Among the treatments, 200 per cent N equivalent through FYM recorded significantly higher frenchbean yield during 2014 and 2015 (135.2 and 168.5 q ha-1) as compared to 100 per cent N equivalent (120.3 and 134.4 q ha-1). Significantly higher pod yield was recorded with soil application of jeevamrutha (141.7 and 168.3 qha-1) as compared to without jeevamrutha (117.0 and 139.5 q ha-1). Foliar spray of panchagavya recorded significantly higher pod yield (138.7 and 164.7 q ha-1) as compared to without panchagavya (120.0 and 143.1 q ha-1) application during both the years. Interaction of these treatments did not differ significantly. Second experiment consisted of two factors viz., jeevamrutha (0, 1000, 1500 and 2000 litre ha-1) and panchagavya (0, 3 and 6 %) levels. Among the jeevamrutha levels, application of 2000 litre ha-1 recorded significantly higher pod yield (134.3 and 156.9 q ha-1) followed by 1500 litre ha-1 (115.0 and 136.5 q ha-1) and 1000 litre ha-1 (106.7 and 123.1 q ha-1) as compared to without jeevamruta application (99.8 and 112.8 q ha-1) during both the years. Similarly, application of higher level of panchagavya at 6 per cent recorded significantly higher frenchbean yield (124.4 and 142.8 q ha-1) as compared to 3 per cent panchagavya (116.1 and 134.1 q ha-1) and without panchagavya application (101.4 and 120.1 q ha-1) during both the years. There were no significant differences between the treatment interactions effects.ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF FERTIGATION SCHEDULING IN SUGARCANE THROUGH SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-10-19) PADMANABHAN, M.; NagarajuThe field investigation on fertigation duration and fertigation levels on growth, yield and quality parameters of sugarcane juice and jaggery was carried out during kharif 2014 and 2015 at ZARS, VC, farm Mandya. The experimental site soil was red sandy loam with neutral pH 6.92, low electrical conductivity 0.162 dSm-1 and organic carbon 0.46 per cent, medium available nitrogen (292.5 kg ha-1), phosphorus (38.2 kg ha-1) and potassium (178.3 kg ha-1). The experiment consisting fifteen treatments combinations with five fertigation duration and three fertigation levels with one control, laid out in factorial RCBD and replicated thrice. Results revealed that fertigation upto 9.5 months recorded significantly higher plant (250 t ha-1) and ratoon (224 t ha-1) cane yield which was on par with fertigation upto 8.0 months plant (234 t ha-1) and ratoon (212 t ha-1) cane yield. Fertigation levels did not differ significantly however, interaction effect of fertigation upto 9.5 months with 125 per cent RDF recorded significantly higher plant (255 t ha-1) and ratoon (227 t ha-1) cane yield and was on par with fertigation upto 9.5 months with 100 per cent RDF plant (249 t ha-1) and ratoon (225 t ha-1) cane yield and fertigation upto 9.5 months with 75 per cent RDF plant (246 t ha-1) and ratoon (221 t ha-1) cane yield. Soil application of 100 per cent RDF with surface irrigation recorded significantly lower plant (147 t ha-1) and (139 t ha-1) ratoon cane yield. Thus results clearly indicated that 25 per cent saving in RDF besides recording 75 per cent higher cane yield with net return plant ( 435185 ha-1) and ratoon ( 405965 ha-1) cane could be obtained through sub surface drip irrigation.