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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FYM AND BIODIGESTER LIQUID MANURE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF IRRIGATED SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-12-02) PRADEEPA, PATEEL, G; Shankaralingappa, B. CA field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Kathalagere (Davanagere District, Karnataka) during rabi, 2010 to study the effect of FYM and biodigester liquid manure (BDLM) on growth and yield of irrigated sunflower and soil nutrient status after harvest of the crop. The experiment consisted of 14 treatments involving combination of different levels of FYM (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 t ha-1) and BDLM equivalent to 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha-1 along with recommended FYM + recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and RDF alone. The experiment was laid out in randomized completely block design with three replications. The application of FYM at 10 t + BDLM equivalent to 100 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higher achene yield of sunflower (2333 kg ha-1), oil content (39.37 %), oil yield (918.57 kg ha-1), uptake of N, P, K by sunflower (118.52, 23.84 and 111.84 kg ha-1, respectively), net returns (` 42829 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.40) than application of RDF alone (1108 kg ha-1 achene yield, 31.44 % oil content, 348.4 kg ha-1 oil yield, uptake of 56.77 kg N, 6.78 kg P and 45.49 kg K ha-1, ` 18701 ha-1 net returns with B:C ratio of 2.85), but was on par with application of FYM at 7.5 t + BDLM equivalent to 100 kg N ha-1 and FYM at 7.5 t ha-1 + RDF. Availability of N, P and K in the soil after harvest of sunflower was lower with the application of RDF alone. Significantly higher soil bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population were observed with application of FYM at 10 t + BDLM equivalent to 100 kg N ha-1 than with application of RDF alone.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF RICE TO DISTILLERY SPENTWASH UNDER DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF CULTIVATION IN CAUVERY COMMAND AREA OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-11-16) ATHEEKUR REHAMAN, H.M; Bhaskar, SThe three field experiments (one each in kharif 2007 & 2008 and two each in summer 2008 & 2011) were conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya to study the effect of spent wash on rice under different methods of cultivation. The first experiment had two methods of cultivation, three levels of nitrogen and three split applications laid out in split-split plot design and replicated thrice. Results revealed that SRI method recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield (51.66 & 58.35 q ha-1, respectively) was better than conventional method (42.77 & 50.24 q ha-1, respectively). Among levels of nitrogen, N through chemical fertilizer recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of 50.12 and 57.86 q ha-1 compared to 60 per cent N basal application through spent wash. The difference between split applications of nitrogen was not significant. The second experiment on aerobic rice had four sources (Chemical fertilizers, Farm yard manure, bio compost and spent wash) and 2 levels (Rec. N & 1.5 Rec. N) of nitrogen laid out in factorial RCBD design with 3 replications. Application of 1.5 Rec. N through spent wash recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield (56.2 and 64.5 q ha-1, respectively). However, it was on par with Recommended N through spent wash and Recommended N and 1.5 Recommended N through chemical fertilizers. The third experiment on aerobic rice had 3 levels of basal application of N through spent wash (40, 50 & 60 %) and 3 irrigation schedules (1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 IW/CPE ratio). The results revealed that irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 1.75 and 60 per cent N as basal recorded significantly higher seed (50.15 q ha-1) and straw yield (56.89 q ha-1). Nutrient uptake, soil nutrient status, enzyme activity and economics followed the same trend.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON VARIETAL PERFORMANCE, PLANTING GEOMETRY AND INTERCROPS IN AEROBIC RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-10-03) JADEYEGOWDA, M.; Reddy, V.C.Field experiments were conducted during the kharif season of 2004 and 2005 at Mian Research Station, Hebbal, University Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, to study the Performance of varieties and planting geometry and intercrops in Aerobic rice cultivation. The varietal and spacing study was laid out in randomized complete block design with two factors replicated thrice. There are three varieties (Jaya, Rasi and MTU -1010) and six planting geometry cm (30x10,30x15, 30x20, 30x30 cm, 40 x 10 and 40x15). The results of the study reveal that, significantly higher grain yield (55.95 q ha-1) was obtained with Rasi, which was significantly superior over MTU-1010 (53.76 q ha-1) and Jaya (50.58 q ha-1) varieties. Among the different planting geometry, (30 cm x30 cm) showed significantly higher grain yield (57.02 q ha-1) compared to 30 cm x 15 cm (52.94 q ha-1) and 30 cm x10 cm (50.31q ha-1). Experiment on intercropping in aerobic rice was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replication having two factors. viz. two row patterns (normal row 45 cm x 20 cm, and paired row 30/60 cm x 20 cm) and seven intercrops (rice + bhendi, rice+cluster bean, rice + french bean, rice +ragi, rice +radish, rice + soybean, and rice+sunhemp) consisted of 14 treatments. Significantly higher grain yield (23.7 q ha-1) was obtained in paired row intercrops than in normal row (19.7 q ha-1) intercropping. Significantly higher grain yield (27.7 q ha-1) was recorded with rice + bhendi intercropping system and rice+ cluster bean (26 q ha-1) intercropping systems. Significantly, lower grain yield (6.8 q ha-1) was obtained in rice + ragi intercropping system. In conclusion, Rasi variety grown with 30cmx30cm under aerobic condition resulted better yield. Rice + bhendi intercropping system provided high Rice yield as well as rice equivalent yield (8167 kg ha-1).ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF PRECISION IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR BABY CORN-CAPSICUM SEQUENCE UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-09-23) BABAR SADHANA, RAMCHANDRA; BHASKAR, SA field experiment entitled “Precision irrigation management techniques for baby corn-capsicum sequence under polyhouse condition” was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru in kharif and rabi seasons during 2013-14 and 2014-15 in polyhouse and open field conditions. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design and replicated thrice with irrigation methods of surface and subsurface drip irrigation under polyhouse and open field condition as main plots and scheduling of irrigation based on Epan ratios at 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 as sub plots. Climatic parameters recorded at the experimental site indicated that temperature (38-42 oC) and relative humidity (61-75 %) regimes were higher inside the polyhouse as compared to open field (28-32 oC and 58-65 %, respectively). Among the main treatments, subsurface drip fertigation in open field condition recorded higher cob yield in baby corn (12.28 t ha-1) and water use efficiency (WUE) (47.03 kg ha-mm-1). Whereas, quality parameters were slightly higher under polyhouse condition. In capsicum, the fruit yield (124.03 t ha-1) and WUE (144.90 kg ha-mm-1) were significantly higher in subsurface drip fertigation under polyhouse condition than in other treatments. In polyhouse with congenial environmental condition, growth of capsicum (C3 plant) was better than under open field. But in baby corn (C4 plant) lanky growth was observed due to reduction in light. Among irrigation levels, gravimetric soil moisture and relative water contents were significantly higher at 1.0 Epan. Canopy temperature recorded was lower at 1.0 Epan that resulted in significantly higher green cob (11.25 t ha-1), fodder yield (57.18 t ha-1) and capsicum fruit yield (100.24 t ha-1). The WUE was higher at 0.6 Epan in baby corn (46.20 kg ha-mm-1) and capsicum (139.30 kg ha-mm-1). Higher B:C ratio for baby corn-capsicum sequence was recorded in subsurface drip at 1.0 Epan under polyhouse (13.29).ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DRIP FERTIGATION IN AEROBIC RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-09-14) ANUSHA, S; NagarajuThree field experiments were conducted at ZARS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2013 and 2014 on red sandy clay loam soil with medium available NPK to evaluate rice genotypes for drip irrigation, to optimize drip irrigation scheduling and to know the effect of fertigation intervals and combinations of fertilizer sources on growth and yield of aerobic rice. The experiment on evaluation of rice genotypes for drip irrigation was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Aerobic rice with drip irrigation recorded higher grain yield (7803 kg ha-1), net returns (` 126471 ha-1) and WUE (103.0 kg ha-cm-1) over puddle transplanted rice. Among genotypes, KRH-4 hybrid recorded higher grain yield (8092 kg ha-1), net returns (` 85917 ha-1) and WUE (76.1 kg ha-cm-1). Interactions, drip irrigated KRH-4 recorded higher grain yield (9014 kg ha-1), net returns (` 96872 ha-1) and WUE (112.4 kg ha-cm-1). Experiment on drip irrigation scheduling in aerobic rice laid out in RCBD with three replications, drip irrigation at 1.25 Epan up to tillering + 1.5 Epan tillering to panicle emergence + 2.0 Epan panicle emergence to maturity recorded higher net returns (` 179212 ha-1), WUE (123.0 kg ha-cm-1) and 40 per cent higher grain yield (11216 kg ha-1), with 55.4 per cent water saving than puddle transplanted rice. Effect of drip fertigation intervals and combination of fertilizer sources on aerobic rice laid out in factorial RCBD replicated thrice. Drip fertigation once in two and four days with 50 per cent WSF and 50 per cent NF combination realized higher grain yield (11331 and 10569 kg ha-1), net returns (` 113726 and 102165 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.65 and 2.49) respectively, in aerobic riceThesisItem Open Access ENHANCING WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN MULBERRY AND COCOON PRODUCTION IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-08-06) SEENAPPA, C.; Devakumar, NField experiment entitled “Enhancing water productivity in mulberry and cocoon production in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka” conducted at College of Sericulture, Chintamani, Chickaballapur district during summer 2014. There were 18 treatment combinations comprising three irrigation methods, three irrigation levels and two mulching treatments replicated thrice were laid out on split-split plot design. Results indicated that water productivity, leaf and cocoon yield were significantly influenced by different irrigation methods, levels and mulching. Among irrigation methods, subsurface drip recorded higher leaf and cocoon yield (41280 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 60.99 kg/100 DFLs) than surface drip (35263 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 57.14 kg/100 DFLs) and micro spray jet (35567 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 57.18 kg/100 DFLs). Among levels of irrigation, irrigation at 1.0 CPE was found better in improving leaf and cocoon yield (41818 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 62.33 kg/100 DFLs) compared to irrigation at 0.6 and 0.8 CPE. Maximum mulberry leaf and cocoon yield (38035 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 59.18 kg/100 DFLs) were obtained with mulching than without mulching (36705 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 57.70 kg/100 DFLs). Further, subsurface drip at 0.8 CPE recorded maximum water productivity and minimum water used to earn one rupee of profit (364.41 kg hacm-1 and 113 L) than the surface drip at 1.0 CPE (264.10 kg hacm-1 and 156 L) and micro spray jet at 1.0 CPE (271.83 kg hacm-1 and 152 L). These results showed that subsurface drip increased mulberry leaf and cocoon yield by saving 20 per cent of water than other methods of irrigation and it is appropriate to enhance water productivity in mulberry and cocoon production in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF AGRO-TECHNIQUES FOR MECHANIZED SYSTEM OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) INTENSIFICATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-08-06) SOWMYALATHA, B. S.; KRISHNAMURTHY, NField experiments were conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya during kharif 2013 and 2014 to standardize the agro-techniques for mechanized SRI. The experimental soil was red sandy loam, moderately acidic in nature (pH 5.45) and medium in organic carbon content (0.43 %). Two experiments were laid out in randomized block design with three replications using rice hybrid KRH-4. The study on age of seedling, time of nitrogen application and weed management indicated that planting 15 days old seedling through transplanter at wider row spacing (23 cm × 23 cm) with nitrogen in 4 splits (25 % each during basal, 30 DAT, 60 and 75 DAT) and preemergent application of bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor (6.6 G) at 3 DAT followed by conoweeding at 25 DAT recorded significantly higher grain yield and B:C ratio (8303 kg ha-1 and 3.74, respectively) was comparable with mannual SRI (8587 kg ha-1 and 3.60, respectively). Significantly higher grain yield and B:C ratio (8012 kg ha-1 and 3.78, respectively) were obtained with providing irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water throughout the crop growth stage as compared to 4 and 6 DADPW. Among fertilizer levels, higher yield (7979 kg ha-1) and water productivity (70.12 kg ha-cm-1) were observed with the application of 150 per cent RDF than 125 per cent and 100 per cent RDF.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF HYBRID CHILLIES UNDER ORGANIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND EXPLORING LOCALLY AVAILABLE PLANTS AS A SOURCE OF MICRONUTRIENT IN ORGANIC FARMING(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-08-05) MADHUKUMAR, V; SharanappaA field experiment entitled “Effect of organic nutrient source on growth, productivity and quality of chilli hybrids in dry zone of Karnataka” conducted in farmers field at Talaku Village, Challakere Taluk, Chitradurga District (Karnataka) during kharif season of 2013-14 & 2014-15 and pot experiment on evaluation of locally available plants biomass as an organic micronutrient source on growth and productivity of chilli during Summer 2014. There were 12 treatment combinations comprising three chilli hybrids viz., KBCH-1, Arka Meghana and Devanur Deluxe and four organic nutrient sources laidout in randomized complete block design under factorial concept. Among the organic nutrient sources, application of vermicompost, silkworm waste and goat manure (75 kg N equivalent ha-1 at 1:1:1 as basal) + EBDLM (75 kg N equivalent ha-1 as top dressing) + 3 sprays of panchagavya (3 %) at 25, 50 and 75 days after transplanting (DAT) recorded significantly higher dry chilli yield (2940 kg ha-1) which may be attributed to significantly more number of fruits (plant-1), 100-fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), total dry matter production (g plant-1), leaf area (cm2 plant-1), number of branches (plant-1) and plant height (cm) which was on par with recommended chilli cultivation (150, 75 and 75 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1) practices (2935 kg ha-1). The quality parameters viz., ascorbic acid (mg 100 g-1), capsaicin content (%), per cent oleoresin, were superior with lower per cent of discoloured fruit and discoloured fruit yield (kg ha-1) with the application of vermicompost, silkworm waste and goat manure (75 kg N equivalent ha-1 as basal dose at 1:1:1) + EBDLM (75 kg N equivalent ha-1 as top dressing) + panchagavya (3 %) at 25, 50 and 75 DAT as compared to recommended chilli cultivation practices (150, 75 and 75 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1). Among chilli hybrids significantly higher dry chilli yield was obtained with KBCH-1 (3020 kg ha-1) followed by Arka Meghana (2845 kg ha-1) and Devanur Deluxe (2551 kg ha-1). The higher dry fruit yield is attributed to more number of fruits per plant. Significantly higher ascorbic acid (mg 100 g-1), capsaicin content (%), per cent oleoresin, lower per cent of discoloured fruit and discoloured fruit yield (kg ha-1) were observed in KBCH-1 as compared to Arka Meghana and Devanur Deluxe. Higher gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio were registered (` 2,99,338 ha-1, ` 2,15,994 ha-1 and 3.59, respectively) in chilli hybrid KBCH-1 raised on vermicompost, silkworm waste and goat manure (75 kg N equivalent ha-1 as basal at 1:1:1) + EBDLM (75 kg N equivalent ha-1 as top dressing) + 3 sprays of panchagavya (3 %) at 25, 50 and 75 DAT. The pot experiment results indicated that application of Hyptis suaveolens biodigested liquid manure at 150 kg N equivalent ha-1 recorded higher dry fruit yield (kg ha-1), superior quality of fruits and higher concentration and uptake of micronutrients as compared to the rest of the treatments including application of recommended dose of fertilizer (150, 75 and 75 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1).ThesisItem Open Access USE OF JEEVAMRUTHA AND FARM YARD MANURE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FIELDBEAN (Lablab purpureus var. lignosus)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2015-08-04) SIDDAPPA; Murali, KA field experiment was conducted at organic farming block of UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, during kharif 2014 to study the effect of jeevamrutha and farm yard manure (FYM) application on growth and yield of fieldbean. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three replications of two factors at different levels. The treatment combination include three FYM levels (100%, 150% and 200% N equivalents through FYM) and four jeevamrutha levels (0, 500, 1000 l ha-1 and 1500 l ha-1). Application of FYM at 200 % N equivalent recorded significantly higher grain yield (1136 kg ha-1) an increase of 16.7 % compared to FYM at 100 % N equivalent (946 kg ha-1). Similarly application of jeevamrutha at 1500 l ha-1 recorded significantly higher grain yield (1246 kg ha-1) an increase of 35.1 % compared to without jeevamrutha application (808 kg ha- 1). These treatments also showed similar trend with respect to growth and yield parameters and also nutrient concentration in plants (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). There was significant improvement in soil nutrient status (available N, P2O5 and K2O) and soil microbial load (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizer and N-fixer) as FYM and jeevamrutha levels increases after harvest of the crop. Higher B:C ratio (1.99) was realized with FYM at 200 % N equivalent + jeevamrutha at 1500 L ha-1 followed by 150 % N equivalent through FYM + jeevamrutha at 1500 l ha-1 (1.91).