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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR PLANT HEALTH MANAGEMENT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCINCES BANGALORE, 2024-01-04) RAJU H S; ASHA N NThe Rhizobium associated with cowpea nodules were isolated, characterized and screened for plant growth promotional activity. The elite isolate was identified as Rhizobium nepotum OR574343. The bioinoculan ts viz., Bacillus subtilis, Frateuria aurantia, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum were also used in the study to develop microbial consortium. In vitro screening of bioinoculants was carried out by dual culture method against the cowpea fusarium wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum). The per cent growth inhibition by B. subtilis (48.15 %), P. fluorescens (61.11 %), and T. harzianum (76.30 %) was recorded. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, GKVK, with thirteen treatments replicated thrice consisting of various NPK levels (50, 75, and 100 percent RDF), microbial consortium and F. oxysporum. The microbial application (seed treatment and soil application). The treatments with 100% RDF + Microbial consortium (Seed treatment + soil application) + Fusarium oxysporum (T7) and 75% RDF + MC (ST+SA) + Fusarium oxysporum (T10) recorded higher disease reduction of 90.91% and 86.36% respectively. The same treatments recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes viz., plant height (164.33 and 162.67 cm), number of branches per plant (24.33 and 25.67 branches) and pod yield (99.33 and 107.00 g/plant) respectively and also recorded higher soil macronutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake at harvest. The application of the microbial consortium improved crop growth and yield by controlling the fusarium wilt disease.ThesisItem Embargo ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS FROM SALT AFFECTED SOILS OF CAUVERY COMMAND AREA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-11) SUSHMA, N. N.; ASHA, N. N.The halophilic microorganisms were isolated from salt affected soils of Mandya, Maddur and Chamarajanagar under Cauvery command area and characterized for salt tolerance and its growth promotion. Out of 65 isolates, four isolates namely, MDY 1A, MDR 4B, CRN 2A and CRN 5B recorded higher ACC deaminase activity, proline accumulation (4.85, 4.78, 4.38 and 4.56 μg mL-1), production of exopolysaccharide (19.77, 19.15, 18.92 and 18.63 mg mL-1), siderophore ( 4.13, 4.87, 4.09, 3.82 μg mL-1), gibberellic acid (17.52, 15.12, 20.27 and 21.47 mg mL-1), abscisic acid (4.65, 3.31, 4.55 and 3.37 mg mL-1) and salicylic acid (3.94, 3.39, 3.49 and 3.49 mg mL-1) along with solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc. These four isolates were subjected for molecular characterization and were identified as Halobacillus massiliensis, Staphylococcus edaphicus, Virgibacillus halophilus and Halobacillus dabanensis respectively. Further, these bacterial isolates were evaluated for growth and yield parameters in cowpea plants under greenhouse condition using salt affected soil. From this study, the treatment T13: ( T2 + Halobacillus massiliensis + Staphylococcus edaphicus + Virgibacillus halophilus + Halobacillus dabanensis) significantly improved plant height (192.68 cm), root length (28.89 cm), shoot biomass (84.79 g), root biomass (33.22g) and seed yield (77.29g) of cowpea at harvest compared to control under salt stress condition and imparted salt tolerance in cowpea.ThesisItem Embargo ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC SOLUBILISING MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON AEROBIC RICE.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-13) GAGANASHREE, A.; GIRISHA, H.C.A study was conducted to isolate Zinc solubilising microorganisms and their effect on Zn uptake in aerobic rice. Forty fungal and twenty bacterial Zn solubilising isolates were isolated from the soils of Western Ghats of Karnataka. Selected isolates were screened for their ability to solubilize zinc in Bunt and Rovira medium supplemented with 0.1 per cent insoluble zinc sources (ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2, ZnCO3) in both agar and broth culture medium. Among bacterial isolates, ZSBI-2 showed highest zinc solubilizing efficiency in both agar media (350%, 90% and 158.17% in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) and broth culture (29.67, 19.32 and 25.43 ppm in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) after 7 days of inoculation. Among fungal isolates, ZSFI-4 showed highest zinc solubilizing efficiency both in agar (303.70%, 466.6% and 193.33% in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) and broth culture (22.96 27.23 and 14.27ppm in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) after 7 days of inoculation. These isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, respectively by molecular characterization. The inoculation of these two identified isolates for Zn uptake in aerobic rice under green house study resulted in higher number of leaves (11.88/plant), number of tillers (7.25/plant), plant height (72.86cm/plant) and biomass (0.75g/plant) in T4 (Inoculated with Aspergillus niger) with added soil phosphorus .Among the treatments without phosphorous, “T10” (Inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger) resulted in higher number of leaves (11.50/plant), number of tillers (6.38/plant), plant height (70.22cm/plant) and biomass (0.74g/plant). Inoculation with A. Niger strain alone has significantly increased the available Zn content in soil (4.06 and 4.30 mg per kg with and without P respectively) and inoculation with both B. subtilis and A. Niger strains has improved the Zinc uptake by aerobic rice under pot experiment (45.05 and 48.63 mg per kg with and without P respectively).ThesisItem Embargo EFFECT OF BIOFILM-FORMING RHIZOBACTERIA ON GROWTH, YIELD, SOIL AVAILABLE MAJOR NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CHILLI (Capsicum annum L.) UNDER DROUGHT STRESS IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) PRAVEEN KARIJADAR; Tamilvendan, K.Microbial biofilms are organized surface-associated microbial cells enclosed in a matrix of hydrated exopolysaccharides (EPS). EPS produced by biofilm-forming rhizobacteria prevent desiccation by forming hydrophilic biofilms on root surface, which impede the flow of water and enable solubilization of various plant nutrients. Exploitation of these bacteria with plant growth promoting (PGP) traits assumes greater significance in promoting crop production under stressful conditions such as moisture stress. Therefore, it was hypothesized that inoculation of biofilm-forming PGP rhizobacteria improves growth, yield, soil available major nutrients and nutrient uptake in chilli under drought stress in greenhouse conditions. Rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from soils collected from different dry zones of Karnataka. Out of 64 rhizobacteria isolated, 21 isolates were confirmed as biofilm formers as determined by in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. In vitro evaluation of these isolates for PGP activities and induced moisture stress tolerance using PEG-8000 (35%) yielded two efficient isolates KLB-9 (Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus) and BGK-4 (Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing). These two isolates recorded aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity; improved chilli seed germination at 20% PEG (Polyethylene glycol) under in vitro conditions. Greenhouse studies conducted with these isolates along with the reference bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens under 50 and 100% field capacity revealed that L. xylanilyticus significantly improved plant growth, physiological parameters, plant biomass, soil nutrient content and nutrient uptake in chilli under induced drought stress at 50% compared to uninoculated control and P. fluorescens under greenhouse conditions. Hence, L. xylanilyticus has the potential to act as a bio-inoculant for chilli under droughtstress conditions.ThesisItem Open Access HONEY AND DATES BLENDED SHRIKHAND FERMENTED WITH Enterococcus mundtii(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) YUVANA, K.; SUVARNA, V. CHAVANNAVARShrikhand is a fermented product prepared in Maharashtra and Gujarat. An attempt was made to prepare dates and honey blended shrikhand as dates and honey are prebiotics and they can substitute sugar. The idea was to design shrikhand with low GI to relish by diabetic people. The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from shrikhand samples,subjected to morphological and biochemical characterization. Three efficient isolates LAB-1, LAB-3 and LAB-6 were selected based on titrable acidity, where LAB-3 recorded the highest titrable acidity of 2.06 % and the isolates were used in standardization of shrikhand. Shrikhand was tandardized for sugar sources (honey, dates and honey + dates), consequently 10 % honey +10 % sugar; 10 % dates +10 % sugar and 15 % dates + 5 % honey were selected as best combinations for honey , dates and honey + dates respectively. Among the efficient isolates, LAB-3 yielded the best results and it was identified as Enterococcus mundtii by molecular characterization. The storage study with LAB-3 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIM 2903 (reference strain) was conducted for six days under efrigeration. The results revealed that shrikhand is acceptable for six days but, better accepted for four days. Among all treatments, L. acidophilus fermented shrikhand with 10 % dates + 10 % sugar was the best with the highest sensory score of 7.59 out of 9. The microbial count was more than 106 cfu /g at four days which is a desired minimum count for probiotics and higher count (7.8 x 108 cfu / g) was in E. mundtii fermented shrikhand blended with 10 % honey + 10 % sugar.ThesisItem Embargo EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIA FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF BLAST DISEASE IN PADDY (Oryza sativa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-02) Praveen Kumar, H.M.; Asha, N.N.The use of microbial consortia in agriculture has become an area of interest nowadays since it has positive interactions with rhizobacteria and helps in colonization and association by means of combating pathogens. The present study was carried out to understand the effect of microbial consortia on the management of blast disease and their influence on the growth and yield of paddy under field conditions. Among the four isolates collected ie., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum, B. subtilis showed higher per cent inhibition (61.51%) of blast pathogen under in vitro conditions followed by T. harzianum (59.40%). Further, the microbial consortium-treated plants (T8) showed a higher accumulation of defensive enzymes compared to un-inoculated plants, when pathogen stress was induced. The treatment T8 (microbial consortia) reported significantly lower disease incidence (13.46%) compared to the pathogen alone treatment T2 (54.86%) in the field conditions. Application of microbial consortia to paddy resulted in higher plant growth and yield. The highest plant height (83.49 cm), number of tillers (28.88/plant), number of panicles per plant (18.94), panicle length (18.44) and grain yield (59.03 q/ha) were recorded in the treatment T8. It is evident from the above data generated in the field experiments that the application of liquid microbial consortia helps in the development of systemic resistance within the plant and enhance the biological properties of rhizosphere, growth and yield of the crop compared to the uninoculated plants.ThesisItem Embargo MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF JEEVAMRUTHA PREPARED USING COW URINE AND DUNG OF DIFFERENT COW BREEDS AND ITS EFFECT ON FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.)(2023-01-21) DRISYA, K. ANAND; R. N. LakshmipathiThe present study was conducted to analyze the effect of jeevamrutha prepared from different cow breeds on plant growth and yield in fenugreek under greenhouse condition. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments whichwere analyzed for microbial population count, physico-chemical (pH, EC and titratable acidity), chemical (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients- zinc, copper and manganese) and enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and urease). Among the different breeds analysed, Hallikar and Deoni breeds showed significantly higher values. The jeevamrutha prepared from selected breeds (Hallikar, Deoni and Holstein Friesian) based on the microbial population, nutrient content and enyzme activity of cow dung and urine showed significantly higher microbial population in Hallikar breed between 9th to 12th day after preparation of jeevamrutha. The physico-chemical properties, chemical properties and enzyme activities in jeevamrutha of Hallikar showed highest values followed by deoni breed, whereas Holstein Frisian breed showed the lowest values. In the pot culture study of fenugreek under greenhouse condition the RDF applied plants showed significantly higher plant growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and yield parameters like fresh weight and dry weight. Comparing the control treatments, jeevamrutha applied plants showed considerably higher growth and yield. From the results of present study, jeevamrutha obtained from Hallikar and Deoni breed, showed highest microbial population and its usageincreased growth and yield of fenugreek.ThesisItem Embargo INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIA AND JEEVAMRUTHA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF ORGANICALLY GROWN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogeae L.) UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS(2023-01-17) SHWETHA, T. N.; LAKSHMIPATHI, R. NThe cultivation of groundnut crop under organic farming studies on inoculation of microbial consortia and jeevamrutha. This study is first of its kind to use variety Kadiri Lepakshi-1812 to maximize its production. Influence of microbial consortia and jeevamrutha on growth and yield of organically grown groundnut under field conditions was conducted during Kharif 2021-22 at RIOF, field unit, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 8 treatments replicated 3 times and variety used Kadiri Lepakshi-1812. The treatment comprised of individual and combined microbial inoculation and jeevamrutha. Among various treatment Rhizobium leguminosarum + Bacillus megaterium recorded significantly highest plant height (40.00 cm), number of branches plant-1 (8.90), number of leaves plant-1 (31.75), number of nodules (61.72), nodules weight plant-1 (0.57 g), pods plant-1 (58), 100 kernal weight (39.04 g), pod yield (21.51 q/ha), shelling percentage (72.11 %) and haulm yield (18.85 q/ha), compared to other treatments. The treatment Rhizobium leguminosarum + Bacillus megaterium + Jeevamrutha recorded significantly higher microbial population viz., Bacteria (83.67 x 106 CFU/g of soil), Fungi (16.33 x 103 CFU/g of soil), Actinomycetes (21.67x 102 CFU/g of soil), Free living N2-fixers (28.33 x 106 CFU/g of soil) and PSB (15.67 x 106 CFU/g of soil). Absolute control recorded the lowest growth, yield and microbial population. Considering the present study results, combination of beneficial microorganisms was found effective in improving the growth, yield and nutrient uptake, and also increasing the activity of soil beneficial microflora along with jeevamrutha.ThesisItem Embargo BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOPEPTIDES PRODUCING Bacillus subtilis AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENS(2022-12-28) RUQIYA, S.Bacillus subtilis an endospore forming soil bacterium, popular for its biocontrol potential against numerous phytopathogens. In the present study we isolated several isolates of Bacillus subtilis from the soils of Western Ghats of Karnataka. They were initially characterized based on morphological parameters. The further confirmation of these Bacillus subtilis isolates were done by PCR amplification of 16S rRNAgene. The presence of lipopeptide genes i.e., surfactin (srfA) at 420 bp size, (srfAA) at 201 bp size, (sfp) at 675 size, fengycin (fenD) at 430 bp size, (fenB) at 675 bp size and bacillomycin (bmyB) at 410 bp size, confirmed through PCR using gene specific primers. Based on maximum number of gene, lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis strain WGBS1 was chosen for characterization using MALDI TOF where surfactin and fengycin were confirmed by 1058 and 1478 m/z ratio respectively. Dual culture bio-assay of Bacillus subtilis strain WGBS1 was carried out against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. udum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Alternaria alternata that resulted in the inhibition of 42.38, 50.21 and 43.03 per cent respectively. The antagonistic activity of lipopeptides isolated from WGBS1 was tested on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. udum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Alternaria alternata at the concentration of 100 μl/ml showed the highest inhibition percentage i.e., 93.63, 98.76 and 97.98 per cent respectively. These promising bioassay results and molecular confirmation of lipopeptides producing genes describes the immense biocontrol potential of Bacillus subtilis strain WGBS1 and thus can find widespread applications in the field of agriculture as a potent bio-inoculant agent.
