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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR PLANT HEALTH MANAGEMENT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCINCES BANGALORE, 2024-01-04) RAJU H S; ASHA N NThe Rhizobium associated with cowpea nodules were isolated, characterized and screened for plant growth promotional activity. The elite isolate was identified as Rhizobium nepotum OR574343. The bioinoculan ts viz., Bacillus subtilis, Frateuria aurantia, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum were also used in the study to develop microbial consortium. In vitro screening of bioinoculants was carried out by dual culture method against the cowpea fusarium wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum). The per cent growth inhibition by B. subtilis (48.15 %), P. fluorescens (61.11 %), and T. harzianum (76.30 %) was recorded. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, GKVK, with thirteen treatments replicated thrice consisting of various NPK levels (50, 75, and 100 percent RDF), microbial consortium and F. oxysporum. The microbial application (seed treatment and soil application). The treatments with 100% RDF + Microbial consortium (Seed treatment + soil application) + Fusarium oxysporum (T7) and 75% RDF + MC (ST+SA) + Fusarium oxysporum (T10) recorded higher disease reduction of 90.91% and 86.36% respectively. The same treatments recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes viz., plant height (164.33 and 162.67 cm), number of branches per plant (24.33 and 25.67 branches) and pod yield (99.33 and 107.00 g/plant) respectively and also recorded higher soil macronutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake at harvest. The application of the microbial consortium improved crop growth and yield by controlling the fusarium wilt disease.ThesisItem Embargo BIOEFFICACY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker F.) UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) PRAVEEN RANADEV; K. NAGARAJUThe bioefficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against major insect pests of gerbera was studied under polyhouse conditions. Out of the 81 fungal isolates isolated from two agro-climatic zones of Karnataka, India, 16 isolates showed insecticidal activity and were identified as Metarhizium spp. Beauveria spp. Aspergillus spp. Lecanicillium spp. Isaria spp. and Hirsutella spp. Additionally, the 16 isolates were examined for cuticle degrading enzyme activity, namely chitinase, protease and lipase. The enzymes activity of Beauveria sp. and Lecanicillium sp. ranged between 0.87-1.21 U/ml, 0.1-0.32 U/mL, and 0.28-0.43 U/mL, respectively. The leaf discs treated with Lecanicillium sp. (ENPF-24 & ENPF-41), Beauveria (ENPF-60) and Hirsutella sp. (ENPF-58) showed significantly higher mortality rate in test insects (aphids, thrips, mites and whitefly). The LC50 and LT50 were determined by probit analysis and the lowest LC50 (9.4×104, 1.5×105 and 1.5×105 conidia/mL) and LT50 (5.7, 5.89, and 5.51 days) were recorded from Lecanicillium sp. (ENPF-41). Sabouraud’s dextrose was found to be the best medium to produce entomopathogenic isolates. Further, Among the agro-wastes, the isolates produced significantly higher conidial in sorghum grains fortified with 10% molasses, followed by the treatment, 25% paddy husk + 25% Bagasse + 25% PMS + 25% Crushed Sorghum grains + 10% molasses. Subsequently, six virulent strains of entomopathogenic fungi were molecularly identified as Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium lecanii, Isaria fumosorosea and Hirsutella thompsonii. Under polyhouse conditions, the application of biocontrol agents reduced the gerbera pest population by 35-50%. Native entomopathogenic fungal isolates performed better than reference strains.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ENDOPHYTES AGAINST Pyricularia grisea CAUSING BLAST DISEASE IN FINGER MILLET(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2025-05-19) BHAGYASHREE, K. B.; UMASHANKAR., NMany landraces are reported to have resistance against pests and diseases. In the present study, it was hypothesized that cross-inoculation of endophytes from landraces into susceptible varieties helps in management of blast pathogen, Pyricularia grisea. Endophytes live inside host tissue at least for their life cycle without affecting host system. In the present study, 42 bacterial and 34 fungal endophytes were isolated from 15 landraces of finger millet and were screened against pathogen in dual culture assay and screened isolates were further tested for biocontrol efficiency by mycelial biomass reduction assay, double plate Petri dish assay, production of siderophores, HCN, ammonia, hydrolytic enzymes activities, also tested for plant growth promotion activity like growth hormone production and phosphate solublization. Majority of elite bacterial endophytes were from seeds and greater number of fungal isolates were from root. Bacterial isolate HMS-1 and fungal isolates KRL and HGRS-2 were efficient in inhibiting pathogen growth under in-vitro studies and enhancing seedling vigour, germination, biocontrol efficiency under in-planta studies. In addition to biocontrol efficiency, these isolates were capable of promoting plant growth. Efficient isolates were identified, HMS- 1-Lysinibacillus macroides GKVK 1 (OQ379904), KRL –Talaromyces pinophilus GKVK 2 (OQ379908) and HGRS-2 -Daldinia sp. GKVK 3 (OQ379909) upon molecular sequencing. Efficient endophytes were tested along with the existing management practice (Chitosan seed treatment + Pseudomonas spray) in pot culture under greenhouse conditions. Endophytic consortia have reduced disease incidence (5.56 %) compared to pathogen treated (61.27 %) and are on par with existing practice (5.73 %) and enhanced crop growth and yield, indicating their PGPR activity. As endophytes colonize within the plant tissue, have an advantage over rhizobacteria through protection from external environment. Hence, the inoculation of endophytes from landraces into susceptible is one of the prominent strategies to manage blast disease in finger millet.ThesisItem Embargo ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS FROM SALT AFFECTED SOILS OF CAUVERY COMMAND AREA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-11) SUSHMA, N. N.; ASHA, N. N.The halophilic microorganisms were isolated from salt affected soils of Mandya, Maddur and Chamarajanagar under Cauvery command area and characterized for salt tolerance and its growth promotion. Out of 65 isolates, four isolates namely, MDY 1A, MDR 4B, CRN 2A and CRN 5B recorded higher ACC deaminase activity, proline accumulation (4.85, 4.78, 4.38 and 4.56 μg mL-1), production of exopolysaccharide (19.77, 19.15, 18.92 and 18.63 mg mL-1), siderophore ( 4.13, 4.87, 4.09, 3.82 μg mL-1), gibberellic acid (17.52, 15.12, 20.27 and 21.47 mg mL-1), abscisic acid (4.65, 3.31, 4.55 and 3.37 mg mL-1) and salicylic acid (3.94, 3.39, 3.49 and 3.49 mg mL-1) along with solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc. These four isolates were subjected for molecular characterization and were identified as Halobacillus massiliensis, Staphylococcus edaphicus, Virgibacillus halophilus and Halobacillus dabanensis respectively. Further, these bacterial isolates were evaluated for growth and yield parameters in cowpea plants under greenhouse condition using salt affected soil. From this study, the treatment T13: ( T2 + Halobacillus massiliensis + Staphylococcus edaphicus + Virgibacillus halophilus + Halobacillus dabanensis) significantly improved plant height (192.68 cm), root length (28.89 cm), shoot biomass (84.79 g), root biomass (33.22g) and seed yield (77.29g) of cowpea at harvest compared to control under salt stress condition and imparted salt tolerance in cowpea.ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR AGRICULTURAL CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) JAGADEESH, U.; Muthuraju, R.A total of 173 microorganisms were isolated and qualitatively screened for lignocellulolytic activities and further screened based on quantitative and number of lignocellulolytic enzyme production like FPase, CMCase, β-glucosidase, Xylanase, Laccase, Mnp and Lip. The promising lignocellulolytic isolates viz. UASFW, UASFK2, UASBW1 and UASAP2 were selected and were identified as Phanerochaete chrysosporium UASBLCF_01, Purpureocillium lilacinum UASBLCF_02, Bacillus inaquosorum UASBLCB_03 and Streptomyces viridosporus UASBLCA_04, respectively at genomic level with compatibility study. In an in-vitro study using these isolates a consortium was developed based on their degradation potential using paddy straw, sugarcane trash and maize stover as substrates. The developed lignocellulolytic consortium showed highest degradation potential, steady decrease in Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) compared to the control. The C: N declined to 18.86 in paddy straw, 16.98 in maize stover and 22.70 in sugarcane trash at 90 days after composting. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed modification in the surface structure of the degraded material. Further, lignocelluloytic consortium was tested for its degradation potential when amended with cow dung, FYM @ 10%, urea (@ 2% & 4%), human urine (1:1 & 2:1 dilution) using paddy straw, sugarcane trash and maize stover substrates. The results revealed that, in all substrates amended with cow dung @10%, FYM and urea @4% (T6) showed faster degradation and found statically on par when substrates were amended with urea @2% (T5), human urine of dilution 1:1 (T7) and 1:2 (T8) where cow dung and FYM were common. Hence, urea @2% and human urine @1:2 dilution were optimized for large scale compost production of all the three substrates along with cow dung @10%, FYM @10% and consortia. In a field study, 100% RDF + urea enriched paddy straw compost (T4) produced better baby corn growth and yield and improved soil biological parameters.ThesisItem Embargo LACTIC ACID BACTERIAL FORMULATIONS FOR REDUCING POST-HARVEST SPOILAGE IN ONION (Allium cepa L)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-02) BHARATH KUMAR, N.; Suvarna V. ChavannavarLactic acid bacteria are well known for their antimicrobial properties and are considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganisms. The spoiled onion bulbs were screened and isolated LA bacteria (26), spoilage bacteria (15) and six spoilage fungal isolates. The LA bacterial isolates were tested for antimicrobial potential using agar well diffusion, plug diffusion and fungal biomass method against spoilage isolates. These isolates inhibited bacteria with an inhibition zone from 0.00 to 21.37 cm2 and fungal colony growth from 0.00 to 53.90 cm2. The efficient LA bacterial isolates (two) were identified as Levilactobacillus brevis; the potent spoilage bacteria as Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus spizizenii and B. subtilis; spoilage fungi as Aspergillus tamari and A. welwitschiae. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 11 and eight antimicrobial compounds in cell-free supernatant of Levilactobacillus brevis UASBMIC_001 and L brevis UASBMIC_002 respectively. In situ bio-preservation of onion using pinprick method extended the shelf-life of onion to 28 days. Polyurethane foam cubes and sawdust bedding material supported the viability of LA bacterial consortium (16.66 x 108 CFU /g) and (128.66 x 103 CFU /g) up to 45th day, respectively. The LA bacterial consortium inoculated with sawdust was able to increase the onion shelf-life for 28 days during storage. Thus, LA bacterial consortium are able to extend the shelf life of onion and polyurethane foam cubes can be effectively used as a carrier material under room temperature. The sterilized sawdust can be used as bedding material for onions as they maintain a viable population of LA bacteriaThesisItem Embargo ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC SOLUBILISING MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON AEROBIC RICE.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-13) GAGANASHREE, A.; GIRISHA, H.C.A study was conducted to isolate Zinc solubilising microorganisms and their effect on Zn uptake in aerobic rice. Forty fungal and twenty bacterial Zn solubilising isolates were isolated from the soils of Western Ghats of Karnataka. Selected isolates were screened for their ability to solubilize zinc in Bunt and Rovira medium supplemented with 0.1 per cent insoluble zinc sources (ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2, ZnCO3) in both agar and broth culture medium. Among bacterial isolates, ZSBI-2 showed highest zinc solubilizing efficiency in both agar media (350%, 90% and 158.17% in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) and broth culture (29.67, 19.32 and 25.43 ppm in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) after 7 days of inoculation. Among fungal isolates, ZSFI-4 showed highest zinc solubilizing efficiency both in agar (303.70%, 466.6% and 193.33% in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) and broth culture (22.96 27.23 and 14.27ppm in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) after 7 days of inoculation. These isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, respectively by molecular characterization. The inoculation of these two identified isolates for Zn uptake in aerobic rice under green house study resulted in higher number of leaves (11.88/plant), number of tillers (7.25/plant), plant height (72.86cm/plant) and biomass (0.75g/plant) in T4 (Inoculated with Aspergillus niger) with added soil phosphorus .Among the treatments without phosphorous, “T10” (Inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger) resulted in higher number of leaves (11.50/plant), number of tillers (6.38/plant), plant height (70.22cm/plant) and biomass (0.74g/plant). Inoculation with A. Niger strain alone has significantly increased the available Zn content in soil (4.06 and 4.30 mg per kg with and without P respectively) and inoculation with both B. subtilis and A. Niger strains has improved the Zinc uptake by aerobic rice under pot experiment (45.05 and 48.63 mg per kg with and without P respectively).ThesisItem Embargo EFFECT OF BIOFILM-FORMING RHIZOBACTERIA ON GROWTH, YIELD, SOIL AVAILABLE MAJOR NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CHILLI (Capsicum annum L.) UNDER DROUGHT STRESS IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) PRAVEEN KARIJADAR; Tamilvendan, K.Microbial biofilms are organized surface-associated microbial cells enclosed in a matrix of hydrated exopolysaccharides (EPS). EPS produced by biofilm-forming rhizobacteria prevent desiccation by forming hydrophilic biofilms on root surface, which impede the flow of water and enable solubilization of various plant nutrients. Exploitation of these bacteria with plant growth promoting (PGP) traits assumes greater significance in promoting crop production under stressful conditions such as moisture stress. Therefore, it was hypothesized that inoculation of biofilm-forming PGP rhizobacteria improves growth, yield, soil available major nutrients and nutrient uptake in chilli under drought stress in greenhouse conditions. Rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from soils collected from different dry zones of Karnataka. Out of 64 rhizobacteria isolated, 21 isolates were confirmed as biofilm formers as determined by in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. In vitro evaluation of these isolates for PGP activities and induced moisture stress tolerance using PEG-8000 (35%) yielded two efficient isolates KLB-9 (Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus) and BGK-4 (Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing). These two isolates recorded aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity; improved chilli seed germination at 20% PEG (Polyethylene glycol) under in vitro conditions. Greenhouse studies conducted with these isolates along with the reference bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens under 50 and 100% field capacity revealed that L. xylanilyticus significantly improved plant growth, physiological parameters, plant biomass, soil nutrient content and nutrient uptake in chilli under induced drought stress at 50% compared to uninoculated control and P. fluorescens under greenhouse conditions. Hence, L. xylanilyticus has the potential to act as a bio-inoculant for chilli under droughtstress conditions.ThesisItem Open Access HONEY AND DATES BLENDED SHRIKHAND FERMENTED WITH Enterococcus mundtii(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) YUVANA, K.; SUVARNA, V. CHAVANNAVARShrikhand is a fermented product prepared in Maharashtra and Gujarat. An attempt was made to prepare dates and honey blended shrikhand as dates and honey are prebiotics and they can substitute sugar. The idea was to design shrikhand with low GI to relish by diabetic people. The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from shrikhand samples,subjected to morphological and biochemical characterization. Three efficient isolates LAB-1, LAB-3 and LAB-6 were selected based on titrable acidity, where LAB-3 recorded the highest titrable acidity of 2.06 % and the isolates were used in standardization of shrikhand. Shrikhand was tandardized for sugar sources (honey, dates and honey + dates), consequently 10 % honey +10 % sugar; 10 % dates +10 % sugar and 15 % dates + 5 % honey were selected as best combinations for honey , dates and honey + dates respectively. Among the efficient isolates, LAB-3 yielded the best results and it was identified as Enterococcus mundtii by molecular characterization. The storage study with LAB-3 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIM 2903 (reference strain) was conducted for six days under efrigeration. The results revealed that shrikhand is acceptable for six days but, better accepted for four days. Among all treatments, L. acidophilus fermented shrikhand with 10 % dates + 10 % sugar was the best with the highest sensory score of 7.59 out of 9. The microbial count was more than 106 cfu /g at four days which is a desired minimum count for probiotics and higher count (7.8 x 108 cfu / g) was in E. mundtii fermented shrikhand blended with 10 % honey + 10 % sugar.
