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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo BIOEFFICACY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker F.) UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) PRAVEEN RANADEV; K. NAGARAJUThe bioefficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against major insect pests of gerbera was studied under polyhouse conditions. Out of the 81 fungal isolates isolated from two agro-climatic zones of Karnataka, India, 16 isolates showed insecticidal activity and were identified as Metarhizium spp. Beauveria spp. Aspergillus spp. Lecanicillium spp. Isaria spp. and Hirsutella spp. Additionally, the 16 isolates were examined for cuticle degrading enzyme activity, namely chitinase, protease and lipase. The enzymes activity of Beauveria sp. and Lecanicillium sp. ranged between 0.87-1.21 U/ml, 0.1-0.32 U/mL, and 0.28-0.43 U/mL, respectively. The leaf discs treated with Lecanicillium sp. (ENPF-24 & ENPF-41), Beauveria (ENPF-60) and Hirsutella sp. (ENPF-58) showed significantly higher mortality rate in test insects (aphids, thrips, mites and whitefly). The LC50 and LT50 were determined by probit analysis and the lowest LC50 (9.4×104, 1.5×105 and 1.5×105 conidia/mL) and LT50 (5.7, 5.89, and 5.51 days) were recorded from Lecanicillium sp. (ENPF-41). Sabouraud’s dextrose was found to be the best medium to produce entomopathogenic isolates. Further, Among the agro-wastes, the isolates produced significantly higher conidial in sorghum grains fortified with 10% molasses, followed by the treatment, 25% paddy husk + 25% Bagasse + 25% PMS + 25% Crushed Sorghum grains + 10% molasses. Subsequently, six virulent strains of entomopathogenic fungi were molecularly identified as Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium lecanii, Isaria fumosorosea and Hirsutella thompsonii. Under polyhouse conditions, the application of biocontrol agents reduced the gerbera pest population by 35-50%. Native entomopathogenic fungal isolates performed better than reference strains.ThesisItem Embargo ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS FROM SALT AFFECTED SOILS OF CAUVERY COMMAND AREA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-11) SUSHMA, N. N.; ASHA, N. N.The halophilic microorganisms were isolated from salt affected soils of Mandya, Maddur and Chamarajanagar under Cauvery command area and characterized for salt tolerance and its growth promotion. Out of 65 isolates, four isolates namely, MDY 1A, MDR 4B, CRN 2A and CRN 5B recorded higher ACC deaminase activity, proline accumulation (4.85, 4.78, 4.38 and 4.56 μg mL-1), production of exopolysaccharide (19.77, 19.15, 18.92 and 18.63 mg mL-1), siderophore ( 4.13, 4.87, 4.09, 3.82 μg mL-1), gibberellic acid (17.52, 15.12, 20.27 and 21.47 mg mL-1), abscisic acid (4.65, 3.31, 4.55 and 3.37 mg mL-1) and salicylic acid (3.94, 3.39, 3.49 and 3.49 mg mL-1) along with solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc. These four isolates were subjected for molecular characterization and were identified as Halobacillus massiliensis, Staphylococcus edaphicus, Virgibacillus halophilus and Halobacillus dabanensis respectively. Further, these bacterial isolates were evaluated for growth and yield parameters in cowpea plants under greenhouse condition using salt affected soil. From this study, the treatment T13: ( T2 + Halobacillus massiliensis + Staphylococcus edaphicus + Virgibacillus halophilus + Halobacillus dabanensis) significantly improved plant height (192.68 cm), root length (28.89 cm), shoot biomass (84.79 g), root biomass (33.22g) and seed yield (77.29g) of cowpea at harvest compared to control under salt stress condition and imparted salt tolerance in cowpea.ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR AGRICULTURAL CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) JAGADEESH, U.; Muthuraju, R.A total of 173 microorganisms were isolated and qualitatively screened for lignocellulolytic activities and further screened based on quantitative and number of lignocellulolytic enzyme production like FPase, CMCase, β-glucosidase, Xylanase, Laccase, Mnp and Lip. The promising lignocellulolytic isolates viz. UASFW, UASFK2, UASBW1 and UASAP2 were selected and were identified as Phanerochaete chrysosporium UASBLCF_01, Purpureocillium lilacinum UASBLCF_02, Bacillus inaquosorum UASBLCB_03 and Streptomyces viridosporus UASBLCA_04, respectively at genomic level with compatibility study. In an in-vitro study using these isolates a consortium was developed based on their degradation potential using paddy straw, sugarcane trash and maize stover as substrates. The developed lignocellulolytic consortium showed highest degradation potential, steady decrease in Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) compared to the control. The C: N declined to 18.86 in paddy straw, 16.98 in maize stover and 22.70 in sugarcane trash at 90 days after composting. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed modification in the surface structure of the degraded material. Further, lignocelluloytic consortium was tested for its degradation potential when amended with cow dung, FYM @ 10%, urea (@ 2% & 4%), human urine (1:1 & 2:1 dilution) using paddy straw, sugarcane trash and maize stover substrates. The results revealed that, in all substrates amended with cow dung @10%, FYM and urea @4% (T6) showed faster degradation and found statically on par when substrates were amended with urea @2% (T5), human urine of dilution 1:1 (T7) and 1:2 (T8) where cow dung and FYM were common. Hence, urea @2% and human urine @1:2 dilution were optimized for large scale compost production of all the three substrates along with cow dung @10%, FYM @10% and consortia. In a field study, 100% RDF + urea enriched paddy straw compost (T4) produced better baby corn growth and yield and improved soil biological parameters.ThesisItem Embargo LACTIC ACID BACTERIAL FORMULATIONS FOR REDUCING POST-HARVEST SPOILAGE IN ONION (Allium cepa L)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-02) BHARATH KUMAR, N.; Suvarna V. ChavannavarLactic acid bacteria are well known for their antimicrobial properties and are considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganisms. The spoiled onion bulbs were screened and isolated LA bacteria (26), spoilage bacteria (15) and six spoilage fungal isolates. The LA bacterial isolates were tested for antimicrobial potential using agar well diffusion, plug diffusion and fungal biomass method against spoilage isolates. These isolates inhibited bacteria with an inhibition zone from 0.00 to 21.37 cm2 and fungal colony growth from 0.00 to 53.90 cm2. The efficient LA bacterial isolates (two) were identified as Levilactobacillus brevis; the potent spoilage bacteria as Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus spizizenii and B. subtilis; spoilage fungi as Aspergillus tamari and A. welwitschiae. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 11 and eight antimicrobial compounds in cell-free supernatant of Levilactobacillus brevis UASBMIC_001 and L brevis UASBMIC_002 respectively. In situ bio-preservation of onion using pinprick method extended the shelf-life of onion to 28 days. Polyurethane foam cubes and sawdust bedding material supported the viability of LA bacterial consortium (16.66 x 108 CFU /g) and (128.66 x 103 CFU /g) up to 45th day, respectively. The LA bacterial consortium inoculated with sawdust was able to increase the onion shelf-life for 28 days during storage. Thus, LA bacterial consortium are able to extend the shelf life of onion and polyurethane foam cubes can be effectively used as a carrier material under room temperature. The sterilized sawdust can be used as bedding material for onions as they maintain a viable population of LA bacteriaThesisItem Embargo ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC SOLUBILISING MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON AEROBIC RICE.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-13) GAGANASHREE, A.; GIRISHA, H.C.A study was conducted to isolate Zinc solubilising microorganisms and their effect on Zn uptake in aerobic rice. Forty fungal and twenty bacterial Zn solubilising isolates were isolated from the soils of Western Ghats of Karnataka. Selected isolates were screened for their ability to solubilize zinc in Bunt and Rovira medium supplemented with 0.1 per cent insoluble zinc sources (ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2, ZnCO3) in both agar and broth culture medium. Among bacterial isolates, ZSBI-2 showed highest zinc solubilizing efficiency in both agar media (350%, 90% and 158.17% in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) and broth culture (29.67, 19.32 and 25.43 ppm in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) after 7 days of inoculation. Among fungal isolates, ZSFI-4 showed highest zinc solubilizing efficiency both in agar (303.70%, 466.6% and 193.33% in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) and broth culture (22.96 27.23 and 14.27ppm in ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively) after 7 days of inoculation. These isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, respectively by molecular characterization. The inoculation of these two identified isolates for Zn uptake in aerobic rice under green house study resulted in higher number of leaves (11.88/plant), number of tillers (7.25/plant), plant height (72.86cm/plant) and biomass (0.75g/plant) in T4 (Inoculated with Aspergillus niger) with added soil phosphorus .Among the treatments without phosphorous, “T10” (Inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger) resulted in higher number of leaves (11.50/plant), number of tillers (6.38/plant), plant height (70.22cm/plant) and biomass (0.74g/plant). Inoculation with A. Niger strain alone has significantly increased the available Zn content in soil (4.06 and 4.30 mg per kg with and without P respectively) and inoculation with both B. subtilis and A. Niger strains has improved the Zinc uptake by aerobic rice under pot experiment (45.05 and 48.63 mg per kg with and without P respectively).ThesisItem Embargo EFFECT OF BIOFILM-FORMING RHIZOBACTERIA ON GROWTH, YIELD, SOIL AVAILABLE MAJOR NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CHILLI (Capsicum annum L.) UNDER DROUGHT STRESS IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) PRAVEEN KARIJADAR; Tamilvendan, K.Microbial biofilms are organized surface-associated microbial cells enclosed in a matrix of hydrated exopolysaccharides (EPS). EPS produced by biofilm-forming rhizobacteria prevent desiccation by forming hydrophilic biofilms on root surface, which impede the flow of water and enable solubilization of various plant nutrients. Exploitation of these bacteria with plant growth promoting (PGP) traits assumes greater significance in promoting crop production under stressful conditions such as moisture stress. Therefore, it was hypothesized that inoculation of biofilm-forming PGP rhizobacteria improves growth, yield, soil available major nutrients and nutrient uptake in chilli under drought stress in greenhouse conditions. Rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from soils collected from different dry zones of Karnataka. Out of 64 rhizobacteria isolated, 21 isolates were confirmed as biofilm formers as determined by in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays. In vitro evaluation of these isolates for PGP activities and induced moisture stress tolerance using PEG-8000 (35%) yielded two efficient isolates KLB-9 (Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus) and BGK-4 (Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing). These two isolates recorded aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity; improved chilli seed germination at 20% PEG (Polyethylene glycol) under in vitro conditions. Greenhouse studies conducted with these isolates along with the reference bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens under 50 and 100% field capacity revealed that L. xylanilyticus significantly improved plant growth, physiological parameters, plant biomass, soil nutrient content and nutrient uptake in chilli under induced drought stress at 50% compared to uninoculated control and P. fluorescens under greenhouse conditions. Hence, L. xylanilyticus has the potential to act as a bio-inoculant for chilli under droughtstress conditions.ThesisItem Open Access HONEY AND DATES BLENDED SHRIKHAND FERMENTED WITH Enterococcus mundtii(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) YUVANA, K.; SUVARNA, V. CHAVANNAVARShrikhand is a fermented product prepared in Maharashtra and Gujarat. An attempt was made to prepare dates and honey blended shrikhand as dates and honey are prebiotics and they can substitute sugar. The idea was to design shrikhand with low GI to relish by diabetic people. The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from shrikhand samples,subjected to morphological and biochemical characterization. Three efficient isolates LAB-1, LAB-3 and LAB-6 were selected based on titrable acidity, where LAB-3 recorded the highest titrable acidity of 2.06 % and the isolates were used in standardization of shrikhand. Shrikhand was tandardized for sugar sources (honey, dates and honey + dates), consequently 10 % honey +10 % sugar; 10 % dates +10 % sugar and 15 % dates + 5 % honey were selected as best combinations for honey , dates and honey + dates respectively. Among the efficient isolates, LAB-3 yielded the best results and it was identified as Enterococcus mundtii by molecular characterization. The storage study with LAB-3 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIM 2903 (reference strain) was conducted for six days under efrigeration. The results revealed that shrikhand is acceptable for six days but, better accepted for four days. Among all treatments, L. acidophilus fermented shrikhand with 10 % dates + 10 % sugar was the best with the highest sensory score of 7.59 out of 9. The microbial count was more than 106 cfu /g at four days which is a desired minimum count for probiotics and higher count (7.8 x 108 cfu / g) was in E. mundtii fermented shrikhand blended with 10 % honey + 10 % sugar.ThesisItem Embargo EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIA FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF BLAST DISEASE IN PADDY (Oryza sativa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-02) Praveen Kumar, H.M.; Asha, N.N.The use of microbial consortia in agriculture has become an area of interest nowadays since it has positive interactions with rhizobacteria and helps in colonization and association by means of combating pathogens. The present study was carried out to understand the effect of microbial consortia on the management of blast disease and their influence on the growth and yield of paddy under field conditions. Among the four isolates collected ie., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum, B. subtilis showed higher per cent inhibition (61.51%) of blast pathogen under in vitro conditions followed by T. harzianum (59.40%). Further, the microbial consortium-treated plants (T8) showed a higher accumulation of defensive enzymes compared to un-inoculated plants, when pathogen stress was induced. The treatment T8 (microbial consortia) reported significantly lower disease incidence (13.46%) compared to the pathogen alone treatment T2 (54.86%) in the field conditions. Application of microbial consortia to paddy resulted in higher plant growth and yield. The highest plant height (83.49 cm), number of tillers (28.88/plant), number of panicles per plant (18.94), panicle length (18.44) and grain yield (59.03 q/ha) were recorded in the treatment T8. It is evident from the above data generated in the field experiments that the application of liquid microbial consortia helps in the development of systemic resistance within the plant and enhance the biological properties of rhizosphere, growth and yield of the crop compared to the uninoculated plants.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF NUTRACEUTICAL BEVERAGE FROM JACKFRUIT AND BEET ROOT JUICES USING YEAST AND LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-11) Ashiwini, G.; B. NARAYANASWAMYJackfruit and beet root are exceptional fruit and vegetable crop loaded with vitamins and minerals. Naturally associated yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from jackfruit and beet root juices. Probiotic activity of the yeasts and LAB isolates were evaluated. Yeast isolates JCVY- I and BDVY-I exhibited maximum pH (1.5 to 8.5) and bile salt tolerance (up to 2.0 %). JCVY-I produced highest zone of inhibition against antibiotics cycloheximide (30μg/mL) and fluconazole (30μg/mL) i.e., 18.67 mm and 21.33 mm respectively. JCVY- I showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with highest distance of inhibition of 17.67 mm and 15.33 mm respectively. LAB isolates JCVL – II and BDVL – III were tolerant to pH (1.5 to 8.5) and bile salts (up to 2.0 %). They were moderately resistant to antibiotics. JCVL- II produced highest zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli (25.33 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (18.67 mm). JCVY-I and BDVY- I were molecularly identified as Pichia kudriavzevii and Wickerhamomyces annamola respectively. JCVL- II and BDVY- III isolates were molecularly identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Levilactobacillus brevis respectively. These efficient yeast and LAB strains were used for development of nutraceutical beverage. Storage period of 60 days was maximum for maintaining the viability of cultures. Treatments having mixed juice + Pichia kudriavzevii + 4 % honey + 7.5 % whey (ambient temperature) and mixed juice + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum + 4 % honey + 7.5 % whey (refrigerated temperature) scored highest overall acceptability of 15.60 and 15.31 out of 20 respectively. February,
