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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SYRPHID PREDATORS OF SUGARCANE WOOLLY APHID (Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-01) LIKHIL E. K.; C. P. MALLAPURThe role played by syrphids in the management of Sugarcane Woolly Aphid were studied under both laboratory and field conditions during 2005- 06 at Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Dharwad and at farmer's fields. The syrphid species associated with SWA comprised of two species viz., Eupeodes con/rater and Dideopsis aegrota and E. coiifrater was the major species occurring in all the locations (62.58 to 100%). Two groups of natural enemies on syrphids were identified, one larvalpupal parasitioid belonging to family Ichneumonidae [Diplazon laetatorius) and three species of bacterial pathog'iiis viz., Citrobactor sp., Aeromonas sp. and Bacillus sp. The breeding of E. con/rater was not possible in caged condition. The predator completed three larval instars with a total larval period of 12.12+0.31 (10-14) days. Pupal period ranged from 7 to 9 days v/ith a mean of 8.30+0.26 days. The longevity of male and female was recorded at 13.27+0.89 (10-20) days and 17.6+1.52 (10-22) days, respectively. A single larva of E. confrater consumed 442.74 sugarcane woolly aphids in its total larval period at a rate of 36.53 aphids/individual/day. The instarwise consumption was 45.83, 133.52 and 263.39 aphids during first, second and third instar, respectively. In the absence of food, Eupeodes late instar larvae fed on eggs, early and late instars of Micromus and early instars of Diphcu Intum, the late instar Dipha larvae consumed early instar Eupeodes larvae. In the field study, molasses and fruit fly diet attractants recorded comparatively more syrphid larval population (1.13 and 0.92 larvae/leaf) and registered lower mean aphid grades. All the tested chemical insecticides viz., thiamethoxam, chlorpyriphos and malathion were found highly toxic to syrphids. However, the safest treatment was vitex + neem + lantana which recorded least reduction of syrphid population in treated plots (3.72 and 6,13%) as well as under laboratory condition (23.01% mortality).ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF SUNFLOWER (Hetianthus annuusUHW.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-09-19) D.RAJANNA; D. RAJAGOPALInvestigations on the development of Integrated Pest Management strategies against major insect pests of sunflower were undertaken during 1996 to 1998 and 2001 to 2005 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore and ZARS, Vishveswaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya, respectively. Among the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) components evaluated under field conditions, one border row of castor along with sunflower recorded significantly lower population of Spodoptera titura. The application of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurtsaki @ 1.0 kg/ha at 35,50 and 65 DAS in comparison with endosulfan 35 EC indicated significant reduction in larval population of Thysanoplusia orichalcea. Similarly, the Combination of SI NPV @ 250 LE/ha + B.t.k. @ 1.0 kg/ha applied at 50 and 65 DAS was found to be highly effective in suppression of S. litura and Helicoverpa armigera. Similarly the combination of Ha NPV @ 250 LE/ha + B.t.k. @ 1.0 kg/ha + release of Chrysoperia carnea @ 20,000/ha was proved to be superior over endosulfan 35 EC in reducing H. armigera and T. orichalcea. Among the conventional insecticides evaluated, methomyl 12.5 L spray @ 187 g. a.i./ha recorded significantly lower damage with higher yield followed by endosulfan 35 EC @ 525 g.a.i./ha, monocrotophos 36 EC and NSKE 5 per cent. Among the newer insecticides tested, seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS recorded significantly lower population of leafhopper {Amrasca biguttula biguttula) and thrips {Thrips palmi) up to 30 days of sowing. Further it was also proved to be effective in reducing sunflower necrosis disease (SND). Subsequently, spinosad 45 SC @ 75 g.a.i./ha and indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 75 g.a.i./ha spray were proved to be effective in reducing larval populations of S. litura, H. armigera and T. orichalcea. Of the Three IPM modules developed and evaluated in comparison with the Recommended Package of Practices (RPP) for plant protection against major insect pests of sunflower, bio-intensive module (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS at 5 g/kg seeds; NSKE 5%; spinosad 45 SC; Ha NPV; B.tk.) and adaptive module (one border row castor as trap crop; seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS; NSKE 5%; indoxacarb14.5 SC]B.t..k.] spinosad 45 SC) were proved to be superior in reducing pest population with higher net returns than the RPP. With regards to the economics of different modules evaluated, the maximum net profit was realized from the adaptiy^joq^ule followed by bio- Intensive module compared to Recommended Package of Practices.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SOME NEW INSECTICIDE MOLECULES AND BIO-PESTICIDES ON MAJOR LEPIDOFTERAN PESTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON HONEYBEE POLLINATORS IN SUNFLOWER ECOSYSTEM.(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-03-28) ANITHA. C. N.; C. S. JAGADEESH BABUThe present investigation aimed at evaluation of new insecticide molecules and biopesticides on Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua Walker under laboratory conditions, management of lepidopteran pest complex and their effect on honeybee pollinators in sunflower ecosystem. Indoxacarb 14.5SC (@ 0.015 and 0.0075%), profenophos 50EC (@ 0.05 and 0.025%) and endosulfan 35EC (@ 0.07 and 0.035%) proved to be effective against the larvae of Spilarctia under laboratory conditions. Under field conditions, thiodicarb 70 WP at 0.075 per cent, indoxacarb 14.5SC (0.015%), novaluron lOEC (0.01%) and 1PM module proved to be effective in reducing the population of semilooper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea. Similarly, spinosad 2.5SC (0.0025%), novaluron lOEC (0.01%), 1PM module and endosulfan (0.07%) recorded slightly lower weevil populations, followed by chlorpyriphos 20EC at 0.05 per cent, indoxacarb 14.5SC at 0.015 per cent and thiodicarb 75 WP at 0.075 per cent. Bioefficacy of new insecticides and biopesticides on total defoliator population under field conditions indicated that spinosad (0.0025%), novaluron (0.01%) and IPM module registered lower population at seven days after first spray. At seven days after second spray, thiodicarb (0.075%), profenophos (0.05%), chlorpyriphos (0.05%) and endosulfan (0.07%) proved effective. Likewise, flubendiamide 20WDG (0.004%), indoxacarb (0.015%) and spinosad (0.0025%) recorded significantly lower population of Helicoverpa and higher yield, followed by profenophos (0.05%), B. thuringiensis (5.2X10^ spores/ml) and IPM module. Endosulfan and Profenophos have recorded highest Cost: Benefit ratio. Among the different insecticides and bio-pesticides evaluated on honeybee pollinators under laboratory conditions, endosulfan (0.07 and 0.035%), was found safer followed by novaluron (0.01 and 0.005%), profenophos (0.05 and 0.025%) and spinosad (0.0025 and 0.00125%). Whereas, under field conditions, endosulfan (0.07%), B. thuringiensis at 5.2X10^ spores/ml, IPM module and M. anisopliae (2.2X1 O^conidia/ml) were found safer to honeybees by recording abundance and good foraging activity on both Morden and KBSH-44. Apis dorsata and Apis cerana indica were the most predominant foragers in sunflower ecosystemThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF ORGANIC MATERIALS AND EVALUATION OF IPM MODULES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF BRINJAL(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-02-22) CHANDRAKUMAR, H. L; Dr. C.T. ASHOK KUMARNo AbstractThesisItem Open Access BEE POLLINATION AND ITS IMPACT ON RIDGE GOURD {Lufa acuiangula (L.) Roxb.) YIELD(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-20) SHANKARA, MURTHI, J.; H.N. SATTIGIStudies were made on pollinator fauna, foraging behaviour, influence of attractants in attracting the bees and effect of bee pollination on qualitative and quantitative parameters of ridgegourd at Narendra near to MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, DhanA/ad, during kharif season of 2003. Among 8 species of pollinators. Apis fiorea F. was the most predominant constituting 41.00 per cent of the total pollinators followed by A. cerana (22.00%), A. dorsata (16.00%) and other pollinators (21.00%). Peak foraging activity of all the pollinators was observed at 1600 h of the day, while foraging activity was minimum during 1200 and 1400 h of the day. Foraging activity of all the pollinators was maximum during 3"^ and 4"^ week after flowering.ThesisItem Open Access ESTIMATION OF CROP LOSS, DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC INJORY lEUEl AND MANAGEMENT OF CAPSOLE DORERS, Helicompaarmigera{MMet) AND Heliothispeltigerai^zWX) IN SAFFLOWER(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-20) A. VENKATA, RAJESH; K. BASAVANA, GOUDIncidence of capsule borers In four districts of northern Karnataka revealed that the pest was present in all the four districts and the capsule damage varied from 26.92 to 37.90 per cent. More than 31 per cent capsule damage was observed in Dharwad and Gadag districts; while it was less than 28 per cent in Belgaum and Haveri districts. In different cropping systems, minimum capsule damage (20.00%) was noticed on safflower when Intercropped with jowar, whereas it was maximum (40.20%) when intercropped with chickpea. Highest mean number of capsule borers {H. armigera and H. peltigera) (4.75), Spodoptera litura (Hub.) (0.70), Perigia capensis (Walkar) (0.77) and Thysanoplusia orichalcea (Fab.) (0.80) were recorded in Gadag district.ThesisItem Open Access CROP LOSS ESTIMATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHOOT BUG, Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) IN RABI SORGHUM(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-20) RAJU, ANAJI; R. A. BALIKAIThe investigations were undertaken at the AlCRP on sorghum, RARS, Bijapur during rabi 2004-05 on loss estimation, varietal reaction and management of shoot bug. Natural infestation of shoot bug resulted in the yield loss of 11.16, 21.11 and 2.97% in grain yield, fodder yield and 1000-grain weight across the different dates of sowing. The unprotected plot recorded significantly higher sorghum stripe disease incidence as compared to protected ones (18.72% and 9.51%). Under graded level of infestation, the yield reduction ranged from 7,1 to 51.3% and 9.1 to 49.7% in grain and fodder yield with release of 5 to 30 first instar nymps per plant, respectively. The economic injury level of shoot bug was worked out to be 3.13 bugs per plant. Among the 80 genotypes screened against shoot bug the lines viz., 61611, 61612, CK 608, Swati, and RS 29 were promising by recording lower population (<2 shoot bugs/plant). Other entries recorded shoot bug population between 2 to 10 pThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PREFERENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF MARKETING ORGANIZATIONS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN BANGALORE RURAL AND URBAN DISTRICTS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-10-05) NETRAVATHL, G.; N.S. SHIVALINGE, GOWDANo AbstractThesisItem Open Access BIOECOLOGY AND INFESTATION BEHAVIOUR OF THE RICE MEAL MOTH, Corcyra cephalonica STAINTON (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) ON FOXTAIL MILLET, Setaria italica (L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-10-05) NIRMALA, P.; P. S. JAGADISHThe incubation period of C. cephalonica on Foxtail millet at 25 ± and 71 ± 1.2 per cent relative humidity varied from 4 to 7 days (mean 4.66 days). Freshly hatched larva was creamy white coloured and passed through six instars. The average duration of each larval instar was 4.13, 5.04, 3,73, 3.40, 5.46 and 9.69 days, respectively and total larval duration took 31.26 days and pupal duration was 15.06 days. Developmental period took 41 to 59 days (average 51.95 days). Full grown last instar larva measured 11.02 mm in length. The mating period ranged from 60 to 130 minutes. The preovipositional period ranged from 1 to 2 days. Eggs were laid singly or in groups of 3 to 5 eggs in rare cases. Fecundity ranged from 90 to 150 eggs; oviposition period lasted for 6 to 8 days. Adult females, irrespective of food availabihty, lived longer than the males. The nature of larval development did not differ on Foxtail millet. The larva started forming grain cluster and started feeding inside the grain cluster. Finally each larva makes 3 to 4 such grain cluster and mixed with broken grains excreta and frass. The population stress study showed that a high release of initial moth pairs (12 pairs) resulted in the early operation of crowding effect and marked reduction in the population in subsequent generations. In the studies on the influence of different grain properties on C. cephalonica infestation, the broken grains and flour of Foxtail millet were most preferred for growth and development. Among the different varieties tested, Prasad variety offered maximum resistance to C. cephalonica infestation, which was reflected in terms of lesser adult emergence from this variety. Among varying grain moisture contents tested, 15.53 % was most favourable for pest which reflected in terms of higher survival and shorter developmental period. In host preference study, maize was the most preferred host which showed higher moth emergence and weight loss due to infestation.