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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access BIO-ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF SORGHUM EARHEAD CATERPILLARS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Miller)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-06) KONGAWAD, S. B.; DESHPANDE, V.P.Investigation on biology of Cryptoblabes gnidiella, seasonal incidence and management of sorghum earhead caterpillars was undertaken at Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 1999-2000. The incidence of sorghum earhead caterpillars (Cryptoblabes gnidiella, Helicoverpa armigera, Euproctis subnotata and Stenachroia elongella) was confined to kharif season. The peak incidence of C.gnidiella (1.75 larvae/earhead) and E.subnotata (1.68 larvae/earhead) was observed during 111 week of October and that of H. armigera (1.90 larvae/earhead) during 1 week of October on the crop sown during second fortnight of June. During the season the incubation, larval, pre-pupal and pupal periods of C.gnidiella occupied 3.72, 13.02, 1.60 and 8.0 days, respectively. Larvae moulted four times to complete five instars. Adult longevity with food took 7.8 and 9.0 days and without food 2.5 and 3.52 days for male and female, respectively. The fecundity rate during season was 26.88 eggs/female. The total life cycle occupied 27.60 days. Among four botanicals and three bioagents tested against earhead caterpillars, TNAU neem oil 60 EC (3.0%), neem oil (5.0%) and NSKE (5.0%) emerged as superior by recording 72.0, 70.0 and 66.0 per cent population reduction producing a grain yield of 46.98, 46.0 and 45.50 q/ha, respectively. Bacillus thuringiensis and Vitex negundo leaf extract (5.0%) being on par with each other recorded 59.0 per cent population reduction resulting in 43.0 and 43.25 q/ha grain yields, respectively. Among the dusts tested, malathion (5.0%) emerged as superior in reducing (84.0%) population of earhead caterpillars with the grain yield of 52.35 q/ha followed by fenval (76.0%) and lindane (72.0%) with a grain yields of 51.40 and 50.0 q/ha, respectively. The botanicals viz., neem seed kernal, Pongemia pinnata, Vitex negundo and Clerodendron inerme leaf dusts recorded 58.0, 58.0, 55.0 and 52.0 per cent population reduction with the grain yields of 45.75, 13.75, 12.50, 12.12 q/ha, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES, OILS AND SURFACTANTS AGAINST SPIRALLING WHITEFLY,Aleurodicus (dispersus Russell(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-06) KAMBREKAR, D. N.; AWAKNAVAR, J. S.Investigations were carried out on the different developmental stages of spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus on the toxicity and bio-efficacy of fifteen insecticides, seven oils and four surfactants and their combinations in the greenhouse and under field conditions. Triazophos (0.06%) and dimethoate (0.05%) have shown excellent performance both under laboratory and field conditions and proved to be ovicidal, ovipositional deterrent and effective against the most resistant pupal stage of the pest and recorded an adult mortality of 75 per cent at 1 5 DAT in laboratory conditions and 90 per cent egg mortality and around cent per cent mortality of other stages under field conditions. Dichlorvos (0.105%) and monocrotophos (0.045%) were the next best chemicals against different stages of the pest. Among the seven oils used with four surfactants, fish oil insecticidal soap at 2.50 per cent proved to be better which persisted for a longer time and recorded 60 per cent adult mortality at 15 DAT under laboratory conditions. The next best oils were neem oil (1%) and cotton seed oil (1.0%). Under field condition also fish oil insecticidal soap was effective recording around 70, 60, 55 and 80 per cent reduction of egg masses, nymphs, pupae and adults, respectively at the end of 1 5 DAS. Among the plant products neem oil proved better registering around 65, 55, 40 and 75 per cent reduction in egg masses, nymphs, pupae and adults, respectively at 15 DAS. The combination of promising insecticides with oils at their half dose was excellent in triazophos or dimethoate combination with FOIS as compared to triazophos and dimethoate alone under laboratory conditions. But triazophos and dimethoate recorded higher reduction of the pest population as compared to their combination with oils under field conditions. Further, the insecticides were found to be cheaper as compared to the oils.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF SOYBEAN POD BORER, Cydia ptychora (Meyrick) (Tortricidae : Lepidoptera)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-06) AMARNATH, K.; KULKARNI, K.A.Investigations on different aspects of management on soybean pod borer C. ptychora were undertaken at the Main Research Station and the Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 1999-2000. The studies included the seasonal incidence, crop loss estimation and testing the efficacy of bioagents and plant products against C. ptychora under field conditions. The study on seasonal incidence revealed that the population of C. ptychora on soybean was at its peak on the crop sown during the first fortnight of July, which recorded highest per cent (79.22) pod damage. However decline in the pest population was observed on subsequent sowings. The loss in yield of soybean due to C. ptychora was assessed by chemically protecting the crop during its different growth stages The probable loss due to the pod borer as computed by comparing the yield obtained from the treatment completely protected plot with untreated check was to the extent of 62.06 per cent. Investigations on the efficacy of bioagents and plant products revealed that the bioagent B. thuringiensis and plant product neem seed kernel extract were the next best treatments to monocrotophos a standard check.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF TRICHOGRAMMA ON CHILLI FRUIT BORER HEUCOVERPA ARMIGERA (Hubner).(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-06) KEDANURI, CHANDRASHEKHAR; KULKARNI, K.A.Experiments were conducted to find out the parasilizatlon by five Trichogranma spp on chilli fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Along with some basic studios on the effect of food on fecundity of the parasitoids, lifecycle, host aee preferrence were also carried out in addition to tritrophic interaction among chilli genotypes, T. chilonis and H. armigera and relative toxicilv of recommended insecticides to chilli fruit borer against egg parasitoid." Fecundity of the parasitoids developed on II. armigera eggs was found significantly different among different parasitoids, T. chilonis recorded high fecundity with food (10% honey) and without food. While T. japonicum and T. achaeae recorded low fecundity/female with and without food respectively. Life cycle of the parasitoid was longest in T. achaeae (217.6 h) while T. chilonis took least period (1912h) on H armigera. Fresh to two days old eggs of H. armigera were equally acceptable by all the five parasitoids while three to four days old eggs were less to least preferred. Maximum per cent parasitization of chilli fruit borer under laboratory and greenhouse conditions was accounted by T chilonis (61 & 39.93%) followed by T. pretiosum (51.52 & 31.08) and T.brasiliensis (44.25 & 28.50%) respectively. Byadgi Kaddi and Byadgi dabbi were found biocontrol friendly which recorded high parasitization while LCA- 312 and GPC-82 were found least acceptable to parasitoid T chiloiiis on H. armigera eggs. The insecticides dimethoate, phosphamidon, pliosalone and carbaiyl were highly toxic to T. chilonis adults on 24 h after treatment where as dicofol, monocrotophos and endosulfan were slightly less toxic while neemark was safe to adults. Neemark was found to be safe while endosulfan and dicofol were relatively less toxic to immature stages of T. chilonis while carbaiyl was the most toxic. Emergence of T. chilonis adults was signincanlly reduced when insecticides were sprayed on host eggs before parasitization. Longevity of T. chilonis adults that emerged from insecticide treated host eggs were found to be adversely affected.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT NPV FORMULATIONS AND BIOAGFNTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) ON SUNFLOWER(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-06) KUKKAPALLI, SIREESHA; KULKARNI, K.A.Investigations on testing the efficacy of NPV purified through ordinary and deep freeze centrifuge, development and evaluation of different NPV formulations and evaluation of different bioagents under field conditions against Helicoverpa armigera on sunflower have revealed the following. There was no significant effect on recovery and virulence of POB's with the increase in centrifugation speed from 2000 rpm to 10000 rpm though temperature was increased upto SS.BOOc at 10000 rpm in ordinary centrifuge. Rise in temperature from -5°c to 25°c also did not have effect on recovery and virulence of POB's as the temperature was below critical temperature. Flyash based dust formulation was found to be more effective though all other three dust formulations (Chalk powder, talc and lignite) were found significantly less effective compared to aqueous formulation. Starch based WP formulation was found to be more effective followed by bentonite and talc. Neem oil based formulation was significantly more effective compared to aqueous formulation and pundi oil based formulation was on par with the latter. Based on the per cent reduction in larval population overall per cent head damage and yield among the different bioagents tested NPV (g) 250 LE per ha was found to be significantly more effective which was at par with the NSKE five per cent followed by Nomuraea riieyi (1 kg/ha), Baciiius thuringiensis (1 kg/ha) and Beauveria bassiana (1 kg/ha). However two sprays of endosulfan (2ml/l) at 15 days interval was found significantly more effective compared to all the bioagents.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE NATURAL ENEMIES OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH, Plutellaxylostella (Linnaeus) IN CABBAGE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-06) REENA; BASAVANA GOUD, Dr. K.Investigations were undertaking to study the seasonal occurrence of natural enemy complex of diamondback moth (DBM) in relation to pesticide usage pattern, toxicity of commonly used insecticides against Cotesia plutellae Kurdj. adults as well as immature stages at different periods of their development and refinement of rearing technique of C, plutellae. Organophosphates were the most commonly used insecticides in all the three districts viz., Dharwad, Belgaum and Haveri followed by synthetic pyrethroids. Studies on the pest incidence revealed significantly higher population level during winter as compared to rainy and summer season. The dominant natural enemy, C. plutellae was more prevalent in rainy season as compared to cold season; while the population of Tetrastichus sokolowskii Kurdj. was higher in the cold season. A significant negative correlation was found between the per cent parasitism by C. plutellae and T. sokolowskii. However, no correlation was found between average number of sprays and the DBM population, per cent parasitism by C. plutellae and T. sokolowskii. NSKE followed by neemark and acephate was found to be safe, while cartap hydrochloride, quinalphos, methomyl, endosulfan, monocrotophos, fipronil, thiodicarb, spinosad, lufenuron and fevalerate were highly toxic to both the adults as well as the immature stages of C. plutellae. % Irrespective of relative humidity, 30°C was found to be the optimum temperature for mass multiplication of C. plutellae. Second instar DBM larva was the most preferred stage for parasitization, followed by third and first instar. Optimum host density for the production of C. plutellae was 100 larvae per C. plutellae female.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON Parachrysocaris javensis (Girault), AN EGG PARASITOID OF Pyrilla perpusilla Walker ON SUGARCANE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-06) YELEHADALAGI, HANUMANTH N.; Hugar, Dr. P. S.ThesisItem Open Access PREVENTION OF CROSS INFESTATION BY Sitophilus oryzae Linn, and Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. IN STORED WHEAT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-06) BIRADAR, BASAVARAJ S.; AWAKNAVAR, J.S.Studies on the treatment of gunny bags using botanicals and insecticides was carried out in four different ways such as single dip application, single surface treatment, bimonthly treatment and monthly treatments against S.oryzae and R.dominica. Among the four different methods, single dipping was found to be effective in which sweet flag (5%) claimed 100 per cent mortality of S.oryzae and R.dominica followed by decamethrin (0.005%) with a mortality of 97.12 and 96.30 per cent, respectively at 30 DAS. Residual toxicity of sweet flag and decamethrin lasted effectively upto 120 DAS. This method worked out to be economical however the protectants were effective only for few months. Next best method was single application method which was found to be effective, wherein decamethrin (0.005%) caused 100.00 and 98.10 per cent mortality against S.oryzae and R.dominica, respectively at 30 DAS. However, there was decline in the toxicity level 90 DAS. Though the cost worked out to be cheap but fails to give protection over periods. In bimonthly application method, sweet flag (5%) had 99.79 per cent mortality of S.oryzae followed by decamethrin (0.005%) with a mortality of 99.43 per cent while cent per cent mortality was observed in sweet flag and decamethrin against R.dominica upto 240 DAS. This method worked out to be costlier, but effective over a period of storage. Minimum grain weight loss of 30.50 and 35.90 per cent at 240 DAS in sweet flag and decamethrin, respectively. Monthly application is effective throughout the storage period, wherein sweet flag (5%) caused cent per cent mortality against S.oryzae and R.dominica, respectively at 30 DAS. However, the grain weight loss was found to be minimum with 30.89 and 27.90 per cent, respectively at 240 DAS.ThesisItem Unknown STUDIES ON RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) ON GROUNDNUT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-06) RAME GOWDA, G. K.; BASAVANA GOUD, K.Irrespective of the insecticides, maximunn loss of sensitivity was observed in Manvi strain (39.09% mortality) followed by Hospet (68.48%) strain which represented high pesticide usage areas. Whereas strains from low pesticide pressured areas were highly sensitive with more than 80.00 per cent larval mortality. Irrespective of the strains, maximum loss of sensitivity was for monocrotophos (65.56%) followed by carbaryl (68.89%). Resistance to monocrotophos was highest (8.48 folds) followed by endosulfan (3.30), quinalphos (2.00) and cypermethrin (1.61). Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the insecticides was noticed from medium (3.80-9.79) and high (4.08- 5.07) pesticide usage areas. The dynamics of resistance to monocrotophos was static from September to February (33.12-37.66 folds) except during October (44.99). Later the resistance build up was fast, reaching a peak of 93.11 folds during April. Sesame oil, honge oil and pundi oil exhibited higher synergistic action with synergistic ratios of 14.32, 11.97 and 10.85 for cypermethrin and 3.32, 2.84 and 3.41 for monocrotophos, respectively. The pathogenisity of microbial agents,Wz., Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Bacillus thuringiensis sub sp. kurstaki and Nomuraea rileyi to susceptible and resistant strains of S.lltura remained same. 8.thuringiensis and SI NPV were more effective against resistant populations of S.lltura by causing 74 and 72 per cent larval mortality, respectively compared to quinalphos (60%). N. rileyi was least effective with 34.00 per cent larval mortality. Among the new molecules of insecticides tested, polytrin C-44, profenofos and carbosulfan were highly effective causing more than 96 per cent larval mortality; whereas cypermethrin was totally ineffective without causing any mortality followed by monocrotophos which caused only 20.00 per cent mortality.