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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR-CUM-BIOMASS ENERGY HYBRID DRYER FOR SIMAROUBA LEAVES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-11-30) BHUVA SACHIN SANATKUMAR; Darshan, M BSolar-cum-biomass energy hybrid dryer, an integration of both solar and biomass energy dryer was developed for bulk drying of simarouba leaves especially in non electrified areas. The major components of the dryer are drying chamber, solar energy collection chamber and heat exchanging unit. Glazing materials (Acrylic sheet, Ethylene vinyl alcohol film, Fibre glass, Polyethylene film, Polycarbonate sheet and Polyvinyl chloride sheet) for effective harness of solar energy was selected based on an effective temperature profile inside the solar energy collection chamber. Polycarbonate sheet was found to be best due to its high temperature profile, average maximum temperature of 43.1 oC and average daily temperature of 38.4 oC. Drying of simarouba leaves using hybrid dryer was carried out and compared with sun drying, shade drying, tray drying, solar drying and biomass drying methods. Leaf moisture content was reduced approximately from 64% to 10% in all drying methods. Drying period in hybrid drying (20 h) was found to be shorter as compared to sun (32 h), shade (56 h) and solar drying (34 h). Fuel requirement for combustion of briquette for energy source was found 33% lower for hybrid dryer as compared to biomass dryer. Total cost of hybrid dryer was lower as compared to tray dryer of the same capacity. Simarouba leaves dried under hybrid dryer retained about 74.65% and 76.84% of total phenols and total flavonoids, respectively as compared to fresh leaves. Therefore, solar-cum-biomass energy hybrid dryer would be cost effective and well suitable to dry simarouba leaves in non-electrified areas.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF RAINFALL VARIABILITY ON GROUNDWATER RECHARGE AND PROPOSE RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES AT YAREHALLI MICRO-WATERSHED OF DAVANAGERE DISTRICT(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE, 2020-12-02) NAGARAJ; Rajashekarappa, K. S.Geospatial technique were used for land and water management action plan for Yarehalli micro-watershed lies between 750 51' 37.585'' to 750 53' 29.93'' E longitudes and 130 58' 59.959'' to 140 1' 3.722'' N latitudes in Davanagere district of Karnataka. Arc GIS software was used in evaluation of morphological characteristics in micro-watershed. The present study reveals that drainage pattern was dendritic with trunk order 4. The area, maximum length and width of the micro-watershed are 977 ha, 4.40 km and 2.20 km, respectively. The mean value of bifurcation ratio was 3.23, it indicates micro-watershed has been suffered less structural disturbance. The value of drainage density 2.31 km km−2 which indicated that, the region is having permeable subsoil material. The value of form factor indicates micro-watershed is approaching towards elongated shape of watershed. The study was used to estimate groundwater recharge and draft studies were conducted at Yarehalli micro-watershed during 2018-2019. The studies revealed that thetotal draft of groundwater was found to be 29,87,622 m3, against the total recharge of 2,48,105 m3 with the groundwater extractions being 12 times more than the recharge. The result reveals that, 57.31 per cent of the total area is ideal for constructing check dam, 23.17 per cent for farm pond, 8.57 per cent for percolation pond and 1.12 per cent for gully plug. Which helps in sustainable development of the natural resource and socio-economical life of the farmers in micro-watershed.ThesisItem Open Access ESTIMATION OF SURFACE RUNOFF BY NRCS CURVE NUMBER METHOD USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING IN YAREHALLI MICROWATERSHED OF DAVANAGERE DISTRICT.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-03) BASAVAREDDY; B. C. RavikumarThe relationship between rainfall and runoff for a watershed is important in various activities of a water resources development and management. The transformation of rainfall to runoff is highly complex, dynamic, nonlinear & exhibits temporal and spatial variability. A Geospatial technique was used for surface runoff estimation in Yarehalli micro-watershed which lies between 75° 51' 38" to 75 ° 53' 30" E longitudes and 13° 58' 59’ to the 140 01' 04" N latitudes in Davanagere district of Karnataka, India. The study reveals that, drainage pattern is dendritic with trunk order 2. The area, maximum length and width of the micro-watershed are 761.47 ha, 3.96 km and 2.92 km respectively. The mean value of bifurcation ratio is 14, it indicates micro-watershed has suffered less structural disturbance and the value of formfactor indicates micro-watershed is approaching towards elongated shape. The value of drainage density is 1.64 km km-2 which indicates the region is having permeable sub-soil material. NRCS Curve Number method was used to estimate the surface runoff which uses watershed characteristics & 5-day antecedent rainfall. This method estimated the runoff as 255.56 mm and the total volume of runoff is 194.6 ha m in the year 2020, which is 18.66% of total volume of rainfall. These results help in planning, development and management of available water resources in the Yarehalli micro-watershed. November,ThesisItem Open Access POPPING STUDIES OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-02-18) RAMYA, C .S; Dr. Palanimuthu, VA study was undertaken to identify finger millet varieties suitable for popping; to evolve grain pretreatments before popping to improve popping characteristics; and to evaluate different puffing techniques for popping finger millet. Ten finger millet varieties (GPU28, GPU45, GPU48, GPU66, GPU67, KMR204, KMR301, KMR340, KMR630, VL376) were selected for popping. First, physical (size, bulk &true density, 1000 kernel weight, tristimulous colour, terminal velocity, angle of repose &frictional properties) and biochemical properties (moisture, carbohydrates, protein, fat, ash &crude fiber) of different varieties were studied. All varieties were popped by conventional sand puffing method to get popped products. Among varieties, GPU66, KMR630, GPU67 and KMR340 were found to be more suitable for popping based on popping characteristics (popping yield, popping effectiveness, unpopped kernel percent, volumetric expansion ratio) product bulk density, texture, colour and sensory quality. From various combinations of grain moisture and salt/buttermilk preconditioning treatments, 19% initial grain moisture with salt water treatment @2% w/w was found best to obtain good quality popped finger millet product. Among four puffing methods (pan roasting, sand puffing, hot air puffing and gun puffing) employed for finger millet popping, the sand puffing method was better if only popping characteristics were considered. However, the popped product from this method often contained fine sand particles and some scorched grains while gun puffing resulted in very appealing, clean, uniform, spherical popped kernels without any impurities. Since popping yield (74.18%) and popping effectiveness (79.31%) were also high, the gun puffing technique was identified as the best for popping finger millet.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF ORCHARD CROP YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES BY ANALYZING DIFFERENT VEGETATION INDICES THROUGH UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-12-04) AKASHA DEEPA, P U; RAVIKUMAR, B CIn order to assess crop yield at different soil moisture levels the present study was conducted with soil moisture conservation structures like crescent bundin GKVK campus, UAS, at northern part of Bengaluru city located in the southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. Crop yield and soil moisture relations for Sapota (Chikoo) trees under crescent bunds and control condition were compared using different vegetation indices by remote sensing image processing techniques. Both the lab and field methods were used to determine soil moisture status at depth of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm from the soil surface and at a distance of 30 cm, 60cm and 90 cm from the tree trunkrespectively. The results were statistically analyzed using Paired T-test and Pearson’s correlation analysis which showed that the difference in soil moisture between the two treatments was significant and also showed that there exists a linear relationship with a strong correlation in between soil moisture and the yield by having the Pearson coefficient in both the conditions nearly equal to 1. The spectral signatures developed revealed that the trees under the control condition were under water stress compared to trees under the crescent bunds. The study revealed that by adopting the crescent bunds in the fields helps in conserving the soil moisture which contributes to the yield in case of rainfed agriculture. The study also shows that the VARI serves as an effective tool in determining the crop under water stress.ThesisItem Open Access UTILIZATION OF FOOD PROCESSING WASTE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS AND ENERGY GENERATION(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2020-11-09) SOURABH AJIT, CHOUGALA; VIRESH, KUMARGOUDAThe present study was undertaken to investigate the utilization of food processing waste for the production of biogas and energy generation in INDUS Bio Product plant. For investigation of biogas and energy generation, the food waste coming out of the plant namely wastes of carrot, tomato, gherkins, watermelon, papaya, jamun, rasgulla, nippattu and cooked food were collected. The physico-chemical characteristics of the food waste namely moisture, total solids, volatile solids, pH, carbon, nitrogen and carbon: nitrogen were investigated in order to study the biogas production. Characteristics of the food waste by keeping the food waste in anaerobic condition and the gas production was monitored and recorded for every week up to two months. Further, the biogas plant located at Indus bio plant was evaluated in order to check its performance by recording the volume of biogas production by feeding eight tonnes of selected food waste. The daily gas production was recorded for duration of three months and the average daily gas production 561.47 m3 was observed. The maximum gas production of 581 m3 was recorded at a temperature of 34˚C and this was further purified by removing the CO2 and H2S using water scrubbing. An average of 645 kWh of electricity was generated out of the produced purified gas and used for various purposes. It was concluded that the plant was economically viable and environmentally suitable with a payback period of 2.1 year. Keywords: Food processing waste, anaerobic digestion, biomethane characteristics, biogas production, water scrubbing, and electricity generationThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON RAIN WATER BALANCE OF MICRO CATCHMENTS UNDER FINGERMILLET CROPPING SYSTEM IN ALFISOLS OF BANGALORE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-10-01) LAXMAN, JAMADAR; Ashoka, H.G.The study on rain water balance of micro catchments under finger millet cropping system of alfisols was carried out at the AICRP & DA, GKVK, UAS Bangalore to work out the rain water balance for different soil and water conservation measures with varied slopes viz., 1.9 %, 2.24 % and 2.1 %. The total rainfall and ET crop during the finger millet cropping period was 604 mm and 250.98 mm respectively. The lowest and the highest runoff was observed in T1 (150.98 mm) and T4 (230.43 mm) respectively. Also the highest deep percolation was observed in T1 (170.64 mm). In general the study reveals a negative water balance for the finger millet crop during the year under study. Higher soil moisture, plant height (87.52 cm at harvest), number of tillers (51.50 at harvest), grain yield (2512 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs.53923 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.09) was found in T1 due to higher moisture conserved by the trenches and reduced runoff and soil loss. From the investigation conducted, it is concluded that contour trenches at 10 m spacing was found to be efficient in reducing both runoff and soil loss and enhanced crop productivity.
