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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF WHOLE GRAIN FLAKES FROM FOXTAIL MILLET (Setaria Italica L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SIDDESHWARA, G.N.; Eswarapppa, H.An investigation was undertaken to explore the potential of foxtail millet for development of foxtail millet flakes. The process parameters are soaking for 24 hours; cooking at 85ᵒC/10 minutes and drying at 65ᵒC for 1 hour were found to be optimum than other treatments for producing good quality flakes. The flakes were subjected to evaluation of physico-chemical, nutrient, sensory, and storage quality of flakes. Thousand flake weight and volume of the millet flakes were 2.36g and 14.97 ml, respectively with bulk density and true density of 0.15 g/ml and 0.37 g/ml respectively. The expansion ratio of Foxtail Millet Flakes was 8.04. The millet flakes had water holding capacity (13.14%), water absorption capacity (198.8%), water absorption index (196.98), water solubility index (2.57) and oil absorption capacity (99.7%). The millet flakes had moisture, fat, protein, total ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate and energy of 9.80, 0.69, 13.21, 1.23, 9.06, 63.40 per cent and 271 kcal, respectively. The microbial load was within permissible limit during storage period. The foxtail millet flakes were most acceptable in terms of sensory quality and had shelf life of two months at ambient temperature. It was concluded that foxtail millet flakes preparation could be a main avenue for utilizing foxtail millets.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS IN FARMERS’ FIELD OF BENGALURU RURAL DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) AJAY KUMAR, H.P.; Ashoka, H.G.The study was undertaken in Bengaluru rural district to evaluate and to assess the performance of the different companies drip irrigation systems in farmers’ fields. The farmers’ information was collected from Department of Horticulture. There are 15 farmers’ fields were selected for 5 different companies with 3 fields for each companies. The results of design evaluation showed that, 9 fields having good operating system and the 6 fields are not capable to operate the system, which results in poor performance of the system. The hydraulic parameters such as coefficient of manufacturer variation, emission uniformity, uniformity coefficient, application efficiency and distribution efficiency are found excellent at both 0.75 and 1.00 kg/cm2 operating pressure for all the irrigation companies, but the emitter flow variation is acceptable only for Jain and Sujay irrigation system at 1.00 kg/cm2 operating pressure. However not acceptable at 0.75 kg/cm2 for all the irrigation companies. The pressure variation between the inlet and outlet is not acceptable at 0.75 kg/cm2 and acceptable at 1.00 kg/cm2 for all the five irrigation companies. The value of emitter exponent and discharge coefficient varied between 0.37 to 0.79 and 2.72 to 3.34 respectively. This indicates that flow is almost turbulent. Hence all company drippers were found to be in the range of non-pressure compensating. The Jain irrigation company having better hydraulic efficiency followed by Sujay, Godavary, Megha and Vedantha irrigation Company. The cost of installation per acre for all the systems was found to be in the range of Rs. 44000/- to 50000/-.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LAND USE SYSTEMS AND SOIL-WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES ON RUNOFF MANAGEMENT USING GEO-INFORMATICS APPROACH IN HALAYAPURA MICRO-WATERSHED, TUMKUR DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) VINOD KUMAR, S.; RAVIKUMAR, B.C.Different land use systems and their response to hydrologic characteristics considered as most important issue in runoff estimation. Fragmentation of farm holding became imperative resulted in intensive agricultural activities. More resource conservative practices for insitu moisture conservation and water storage in farm land lead to less runoff contribution. In order to characterize watershed behavior and runoff contribution, the present study was conducted at Halayapura micro- watershed, Karnataka state with geographical area of 503 ha. The main objective of this study was to determine the potential impacts of the land use land cover (LULC) and soil-water conservation measures on runoff. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS-CN) curve number method was used for runoff estimation. LISS-IV multispectral and Cartosat-1 PAN merged satellite Imagery, toposheet from Survey of India and cadastral maps were used as base maps. Detailed soil and land characteristics viz. soil phase, soil texture, land slope, soil depth, current land use and land cover patterns, water harvesting structure along with bund status were recorded. In order to store, edit and preparation different thematic maps, a geodatabase was developed using Geographical Information System tools. The maximum storm event for 40 years return period of 152.40 mm was considered for runoff estimation. The run-off from all the land use systems contributed to stream outlet was estimated as 77.16 mm, 107.38 mm and 130.84 mm for AMC-I, AMC- II and AMC-III conditions respectively. Developed Geodatabase and thematic maps found more reliable in runoff estimation. These resources are useful for decision making and further analysis.ThesisItem Open Access MECHANICAL JUICE EXTRACTION STUDIES OF BANANA PSEUDO-STEM CORE AND VALUE ADDITION OF EXTRACTED JUICE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) RAMYASHREE, S.; Eswarappa, H.Banana pseudo-stem core (BPSC) juice was extracted from banana plant (Elakki variety) using commercially available machines like Sugarcane crusher (SC), Aloe vera gel extractor (AJE) and Pneumatic press (PP). Among these three machines, juice extraction efficiency and juice yield respectively were found highest for PP (73.27±1.66% & 60.58±1.38%) followed by AJE (65.53±2.16% & 54.18±1.79%) and SC (15.26±2.19% & 12.61±1.81%). The total soluble solids ‘TSS’ (2.42±0.15 °B) and L* value (68.57±4.21) of BPSC juice extracted using PP was found maximum as compare to AJE and SC. However, juice extraction capacity was found maximum for SC (26.66±3.55kg/h) followed by PP (22.71±4.04kg/h) and AJE (7.81±1.53kg/h). The BPSC juice extracted using PP was used to prepare RTS beverage with different blends like T1 (BPSC juice as control), T2 ( 50% BPSC juice + 10% sugar + 0.1% citric acid), T3 (50% BPSC juice + 1.2% salt + 0.05% citric acid), T4 (50% BPSC juice + 20% horse gram extract + 1% salt), T5 (50% BPSC juice + 20% horse gram extract + 1% salt + 0.05 % citric acid), T6 (50% BPSC juice + 10% pineapple juice + 6% sugar) and T7 (50% BPSC juice + 10% pineapple juice + 6% sugar + 0.05% citric acid) and subjected to sensory evaluation. The score of overall acceptability was found ≥ 7 for 4 blends viz., T2 (7.76), T3 (7.01), T6 (8.16) and T7 (8.29). Thus, these four blends were found suitable for preparation of BPSC juice based RTS-beverage and could be suggested for commercialization.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ATMOSPHERIC AND VACUUM DEEP FAT FRYING OF BANANA CHIPS (var. Dwarf Cavendish)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SUREKHA, T.; PALANIMUTHU, V.Atmospheric and vacuum frying study of banana (var. Dwarf Cavendish) for production of banana chips was conducted. Physical properties of selected raw banana were: size-170±2 mm, diameter-26.42±2 mm, weight-116±5g, pulp-to-skin ratio- 1.45±0.25%, skin thickness-4.7±0.2 mm and cutting strength-16,084±0.2 gf. The edible raw pulp had: moisture-70.75%; TSS-3.1°B; acidity-1.62%; total sugar-1.24%; reducing sugars-0.61%, starch-21.24% and dry matter-29.25%. For chips production, fully matured, unripened banana was first manually peeled, cut into 2.5 mm thick slices, blanched and air dried for 10-15 minutes. Atmospheric deep fat frying was done at frying temperatures of 160, 180 and 200°C for 8, 9 and 10 minutes duration. Vacuum frying was done under vacuum levels of 640 and 400 mm Hg at frying temperatures of 80, 90 and 100°C for 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes durations. Based on various quality parameters, best quality banana chips in atmospheric frying was obtained for frying @180°C for 9 minutes an d in vacuum frying, it was obtained for frying under 400 mm Hg vacuum at 90°C for 25 minutes. The vacuum fried chips contained far less fat (24.82%) when compared to atmospheric fried chips (46.62%). Both atmospheric and vacuum fried banana chips were stored at ambient conditions for 2 months in polypropylene, LDPE and metalized multilayer polyethylene (MMP) packages with and without nitrogen gas flushing and MMP package with N2 flushing was found to be good for banana chips storage. Production cost and Cost:Benefit Ratio for atmospheric and vacuum fried chips were – Rs.237.06 and 1:1.26; and Rs.295.03 and 1:1.69, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF SILKWORM COCOON HARVESTER FOR SILKWORM MOUNTAGES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) UOOHA, H.S.; Venkatachalapathy, K.India stands second in the world in production of silk with 35 MT next to China and contributes 2.57 per cent to national GDP. Cocoon harvesting is one of the major labour-intensive operations in silk production. In India, cocoons are hand-picked by human labour. Manual harvesting of cocoons is labour-intensive and also a time-consuming process. To overcome this, the battery-operated cocoon harvester was developed to suit for one-man operation. The major components of the cocoon harvester are a battery of 12V 7AH, DC motor of capacity 11W, rotating nylon brush and a collection bag. The weight of the cocoon harvester was 700 g and weight of the battery was 2.35 kg. The experiment was conducted at the college of sericulture, Chintamani to pick cocoons from the bamboo mountage using the battery-operated cocoon harvester. The output capacity, picking efficiency, trash content, reeling and hardness of cocoon were calculated at different Nylon brush lengths (130,150 mm), Nylon brush fibre thickness (0.3,0.6 mm) and Rotating nylon brush speeds (1900,2300 rpm). The best results are obtained at 130 mm nylon brush length, 0.6 mm nylon brush fibre thickness and 2300 rpm rotating nylon brush speed with output capacity of 51.66 g per min, picking efficiency of 96 per cent, Trash content of 0.7 percent, filament length of 1035 m and hardness of 4.7 kg respectively. The cost of operation of battery-operated cocoon harvester was 15.7 Rs per kg. This harvester has saved 35.21 per cent of time as compared to manual harvesting.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MICRO IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN GREENHOUSES OF SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-21) SHRIKANT; ASHOKA, H. G.The study was undertaken in Southern parts of Karnataka to evaluate and to assess the performance of the different companies drip irrigation systems in Greenhouses. Introduction about farmers and other details were collected from different dealers of respective companies. There are different greenhouses selected for the study and Among them three greenhouses from each companies. The results on the aspect of design evaluation showed that, 9 greenhouses having good operating system and the 6 greenhouses are not capable to operate the system, which results in poor performance of the system. The hydraulic parameters such as coefficient of manufacturer variation, emission uniformity, uniformity coefficient, application efficiency and distribution efficiency are found to be excellent at both 0.75 and 1.00 kg/cm2 operating pressure for all the irrigation system of different companies. But the emitter flow variation observed is acceptable only for company A, company C and company E at 1.00 kg/cm2 operating pressure only. However it was not acceptable at 0.75 kg/cm2 for all the irrigation companies. The value of emitter exponent and discharge coefficient varied between 0.37 to 0.79 and 2.72 to 3.34 respectively. which indicates the flow is almost turbulent. Hence all company drippers were found to be in the range of non-pressure compensating. The company A having better hydraulic efficiency followed by company B, company C, company D, and company E. The cost of installation per acre for all the systems was found to be in the range of Rs. 45000/- to 52000/-.ThesisItem Open Access PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR PRODUCTION OF LITTLE MILLET FLAKES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-08) ANUSHA, S. D.; VIRESH KUMARGOUDMillets are the most important cereal grain and sustainable food to the growing population. It is also superior than rice and wheat in terms of health benefits. An investigation was undertaken to explore the potential of little millet for development of little millet flakes. The process parameters of soaking for 16 hours; cooking at 85°C for 10 minutes and drying at 40°C for 1 hour were found to be optimum compared to the other treatments for producing good quality flakes. The flakes were subjected to evaluation of physico-chemical, sensory, microbial, textural and storage quality of flakes. The little millet flakes exhibited dull, creamy white, small, thin and crispy, irregular shaped, dry and light in weight. Bulk density and true density were 1.09 g/mL and 1.26 g/mL respectively. The millet flakes had water holding capacity of 51.95% and water absorption capacity of 194.67%. The millet flakes had moisture, fat, protein, total ash, crude fibre and carbohydrates of 10.46, 2.70, 8.0, 2.04, 8.74 and 68.06 per cent respectively. The developed products from flakes revealed that the flakes were best suitable for preparing roasted masala products flowed by muesli product and then followed by avalakki. The microbial load was within permissible limit during storage period. The little millet flakes were acceptable in terms of sensory quality and had shelf life of three months at ambient temperature.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS PROTOCOL FOR THE PREPARATION OF DESI COWS PANCHAGAVYA POWDER(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-20) LIKSHITHA, S.; Mohith Kumar, G. VThe present study was conducted to optimize the process parameters for the production of Malnad Gidda’s (Bos Indicus) panchagavya powder using spray drying and vacuum tray drying at the College of Agricultural Engineering, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The experiment was conducted in FCRD with six spray drying inletoutlet temperature combinations in three replications and the data was analysed using Design expert 7.0.0 software. Out of six temperature combinations, the experimental results showed that the better panchagavya powder was obtained at the spray drying inlet and outlet temperature combination of 150 °C and 85 °C, respectively and for vacuum tray drying, 600 mmHg pressure at 35 °C for 8 hours showed better physical, chemical, microbial as well as textural properties. The storage studies conducted for three months revealed that panchagavya powder stored in the alluminum laminated polyethene had better quality product due to its improved barrier properties than that stored in the polyethylene pouches. Due to the low temperature drying, the yield and the quality of the panchagavya powder obtained were higher in vacuum tray drying compared to that of spray dried panchagavya powder.
