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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL AND PAIRED ROW METHOD OF SUGARCANE CULTIVATION IN SOUTHERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-14) PREM KUMAR, K.; LOKESHA, H.The present study was initiated with the objective of analyzing the comparative economics of paired row Vs conventional method of sugarcane cultivation. The study was undertaken in Maddur and Malavalli taluks of Mandya district of Karnataka. The study is based on the primary data collected from 80 sample respondents, 40 paired row and 40 farmers practicing conventional method of sugarcane cultivation. Comparatively paired row method of sugarcane cultivation uses lesser human labour and bullock labour and more machine labour while conventional method uses more of human labour and bullock labour and less of machine labour. The cost of cultivation of sugarcane in paired row method was higher (Rs.1,48,859/acre) compared to conventional method of sugarcane cultivation (Rs.1,35,525/acre) due to higher harvesting cost incurred in view of higher returns realized in paired row method. The higher yield realized in paired row method (80.05tonnes/acre) compared to (65.72tonnes/acre) conventional method was mainly due to adoption of wider spacing which expose the sugarcane to sunlight better resulted in higher millable cane yield. In view of higher yield realization, the cost of production in paired row method was lower (Rs.1,860/tonne) compared to conventional method (Rs.2,862/tonne). Therefore, sugarcane growing farmers in Cauvery canal command area are advised to adopt paired row method due to its dual advantage in terms of enhancing income and savings in irrigation water to the tune of 57.66 and 20.66 per cent, respectively. With this saved irrigation water, an additional 0.26 acres of sugarcane can be cultivated by the sample farmers.ThesisItem Embargo ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF FARMER PRODUCER COMPANIES ON PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF VEGETABLES IN RURAL AND URBAN DISTRICTS OF BENGALURU(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-17) NISHANTH, R.; M. N. VENKATARAMANAThe present study was undertaken in rural and urban districts of Bengaluru and was conducted for two major vegetables in the study area which are tomato and beans. A sample of 120 farmers of which 30 each were members and non-members of were interviewed FPCs for each vegetable, within the jurisdiction of Rajaghatta Horticulture Farmer Producer Company and Anekal Horticulture Farmer Producer Company. The findings of the study have shown that members incurred 8.54 per cent lower cost and realized 28.63 per cent higher net returns than non-members for cultivation of tomato. Whereas for cultivation of beans, members incurred 8.97 per cent lower cost and realized 30.38 per cent higher net returns than nonmembers. The findings on resource use efficiency have shown that manures and mulching material were underutilized by both members and non-members whereas fertilizer, staking sticks and thread were underutilized by non-members for cultivation of tomato. While for cultivation of beans, fertilizer was underutilized by members whereas seeds and machine labour were underutilized by non-members. The producer share in consumer rupee was highest for marketing tomato by non-members (61%) through street hawkers whereas, it was 56 per cent for members which was higher than other channels of non-members. For marketing of beans, producer share in consumer rupee was highest through FPC (77%) as compared to non-members (70%). One of the marketing constraints faced by FPCs, lack of storage infrastructure ranked highest among all the constraints. Hence, members owning and transacting with FPCs will further enhance their income.ThesisItem Embargo ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF TURMERIC IN CHAMARAJANAGAR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-16) NAVYASHREE, B. M.; K. B. VEDAMURTHYTurmeric is an important spice and cash crop. Under ODOP, there is a scope for providing the framework for value chain development and alignment of support infrastructure of turmeric in Chamarajanagar district. Hence, the study conducted helped in analyzing the economic aspects of turmeric production and processing in Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka. The primary data was collected from 60 turmeric growers, 30 consumers and 2 processing units whereas the secondary data on area, production, productivity and prices of turmeric were collected for a period of 20 years. Techniques such as CAGR analysis, economic viability analysis, discounted capital budgeting technique, sensitivity analysis and conjoint analysis were employed. The area and production of turmeric showed a significant positive growth rate of 3.40 and 2.70 per cent, respectively, whereas the productivity decreased at 0.75 per cent (2001-02 to 2020- 21). The result revealed that the total cost incurred in turmeric production without and with primary processing was ₹86424 and ₹99439 per acre, respectively, obtaining 1.21 and 1.25 as returns per rupee of investment, respectively, indicating that the production of turmeric was remunerative for growers in the study area. Financial feasibility analysis of setting up a turmeric processing unit showed positive NPV, BCR greater than one and IRR higher than the bank’s commercial lending rate. The study concluded that establishing a turmeric processing unit was an economically viable and financially feasible entrepreneurial activity. The conjoint analysis revealed that the consumers preferred turmeric powder with light-yellow colour, fine texture, 50g quantity, organic origin and longer shelf-life.ThesisItem Open Access INSTITUTIONAL INTERVENTION IN AGRICULTURE INPUT SUPPLY: A STUDY OF FARMERS PRODUCER COMPANIES IN KOLAR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-16) KEERTHI, B. M.; G. BasavarajThe present study was undertaken in Kolar district of Karnataka state during 2021-22 to evaluate the economic benefits of members over non-members of Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) in purchase of agriculture inputs. A sample of 30 members each from six villages of Masti Venkatesh Iyengar Horticultural Farmer's Producer Company Limited-Malur (MVHFPCL) and Holur Horticulture Farmer's Producer Company Limited (HHFPCL) jurisdiction and 40 non-members from FPC jurisdiction were selected for the study. The findings of the study have shown that the prices of all agriculture inputs supplied by FPCs were lower by two to three per cent compared to retailers in the market and about 11 per cent for agricultural machinery rental services provided by the FPCs. On a cumulative basis, the overall reduction in cost of purchase of inputs for members was to the extent of ₹ 2609 and ₹ 2910, respectively for HHFPCL and MVHFPCL. The cumulative savings due to transaction costs (distance & time) for members over non-members was ₹ 752 and ₹ 428, respectively. The overall savings for members marketing their produce through FPC over non-members was ₹ 2202/qtl of the produce. Inability of FPC to keep adequate stock of farming inputs emerged as the most important constraint faced by members of FPC, followed by lack of financial assistance. Inadequate working capital and high operational costs were threats for long term sustainability of FPC business. Hence, increasing equity, handholding support from Government and diversifying business are some of the measures to be adopted for long term sustainability.ThesisItem Embargo LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF HOUSEHOLDS ACROSS RURAL URBAN GRADIENT OF BENGALURU - AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-11-30) ARAVINDA KUMAR, M. K; Umesh, K. BUrbanization has brought about radical changes in agricultural and non-agricultural activities and the livelihood dimensions of households are changing. In this background, present study was carried out with primary data collected from 360 households spread equally in each of three gradients (rural, transition and urban) in north and south transacts of Bangalore. Results of the study indicated that Ragi (43.92 %, 23.64 %) dominated the cropping pattern on sample farms followed by maize (15.78 %, 10.50 %) in both the north and south transacts of Bengaluru. Dairying in north of Bengaluru had a share of 33.33 per cent, 20 per cent and 18.33 per cent households, across rural-transition-urban phases, respectively, while in south of Bangalore 28.33 per cent, 30 per cent and 16 per cent of households were involved respectively. In the rural north of Bengaluru, the total income from Ragi averaged Rs.43672.08 per hectare and in transitional area Rs. 44806.24 per hectare. A similar pattern of results were noticed in the south of Bangalore. The yield (16.87 q/ha) and net income (Rs.5388.29/ha) of maize in rural north of Bengaluru were lower than that of transitional area (17.24 q/ha and Rs.6353.64/ha) of the same transect. Even in south of Bangalore, the transition area recorded higher yield (additional 11 kg) and income (additional Rs.902.66/ha) from maize. In dairy farming, crossbred cows provided the highest per animal per annum net returns (more than Rs.24911) compared to about Rs.4000 from local cows and Rs.8000 from buffalo. The Livelihood Security Index of north of Bengaluru (SID – 0.42) was higher than south of Bengaluru (SID - 0.37). Annual household income, age of the head of the family and distance to market were negatively related to livelihood diversification. In this context, it is indeed imperative for the Government to further strengthen sustainable livelihood programsThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF MICRO-IRRIGATION ON FARMERS’ WELFARE: AN EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-01) SADHANA, H. S.; M. N. VenkataramanaAgriculture is the largest sector of economic activity and provides not only food and raw materials but also employment to a very large population in India. Water scarcity is a key constraint to agricultural output and should be managed wisely and efficiently. Micro-irrigation (drip and sprinkler irrigation) is progressively gaining importance as a coping strategy for economic water scarcity. The study aimed at analyzing the impact of micro-irrigation on farmers’ welfare in Southern Karnataka. Using random sampling technique 240 sample farm households were selected representing 120 from Mandya district (Command area) and 120 from Kolar district (Water scarce area) with 60 adopters and 60 non-adopters of micro-irrigation, respectively. The average depth of the borewell was higher in (984 ft) Kolar district than in Mandya district (393 ft). Accordingly investment on borewell was higher in Kolar district (Rs. 3,00,714) than Mandya district(Rs.1,50,548). Therefore, the negative externality per borewell in Kolar district was higher (Rs. 35,225) than negative externality incurred by the farmers of Mandya district (Rs. 1,500). Result revealed that variables such as dependency ratio, share of area under fruits and vegetables, farm income and credit accessibility had positive effect on the probability of adoption of micro irrigation by the households of Mandya and Kolar district. The Composite Livelihood Security Index of sample households showed that micro-irrigation adopters of both Mandya and Kolar districts were having higher Livelihood Security Index followed by non-adopters of Mandya and Kolar district, respectively. The fractional probit model's finding demonstrate that, in Kolar district farm income, land holdings and family size had significantly contributed towards higher livelihood security. Whereas in Mandya district farm income, land holdings had positive and family size had negative contribution with a substantial effect on the livelihood security index, implying that micro irrigation adopters had greater livelihood security than non-adopters of micro-irrigation.ThesisItem Embargo AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTIVATION UNDER PROTECTED AND OPEN FIELD CONDITION IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(2023-01-20) KUSHALA, K.; JAGANNATH OLEKARThe present investigation on chrysanthemum cultivation used primary data on various aspects of the cost incurred, yield, and returns from chrysanthemum cultivation, collected from 60 farmers comprising of 30 each, cultivating chrysanthemum under protected and open field condition. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cost and returns analysis. Per acre annual cost of cultivation of chrysanthemum was found to be Rs. 263170 and Rs. 919243, with net returns of Rs. 69402 and Rs. 522120 realized under open and protected cultivation, respectively. Investment in protected cultivation was more profitable as revealed by higher returns realized per rupee of investment under protected cultivation (1.57) than open field cultivation (1.26). Production function analysis revealed that there exists scope to increase planting materials, application of FYM and fertilizer, while the use of human labour needs to be reduced from their existing level under both the methods of cultivation. Among the various factors considered to be influencing the adoption of protected cultivation in chrysanthemum, size of land holding, education, access to extension service, non-farm income, and amount borrowed by farmers were found to be significant. Colour, followed by appearance and shelf life were the major attributes of the loose chrysanthemum, while, appearance followed by colour and stalk length were preferred attributes of cut flower chrysanthemum according to consumers.ThesisItem Embargo ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON FLOWER GROWING FARMERS IN CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(2023-01-18) KAVYASHRI, G. S.; UMESH, K. B.The study was undertaken to assess the economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on flowergrowing farmers in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka. The study used both primary and secondary data to assess the economic impact. The results revealed that the area and production of rose and chrysanthemum had increased in the study area, while chrysanthemum productivity has been declining over the years. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on both arrivals and prices of rose and chrysanthemum in Chikkaballapur market, accounting for fifty per cent losses during the COVID period. The rose growers' total farm income has decreased by 83 per cent and the chrysanthemum growers' total farm income has decreased by 46 per cent during the COVID period due to travel restrictions and timely unavailability of adequate inputs. The health expenditure of rose and chrysanthemum growers had increased by 40 and 33 per cent, respectively while, that for expenditure on social ceremonies had decreased significantly during COVID period. Farm, off-farm, and non-farm employment of both rose and chrysanthemum growers decreased during the COVID period compared to pre-COVID period. Flower growers adopted several coping strategies in order to recover at least some of the production costs. Twenty-five per cent of rose and 32.50 per cent of chrysanthemum growers sold flowers in local markets, and 20 per cent of rose and 37.50 per cent of chrysanthemum growers sold flowers to temples. Only a few rose and chrysanthemum growers sold flowers to the apartments, dyeing and perfumery industries.ThesisItem Embargo ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON BANANA AND ONION GROWERS IN VIJAYANAGARA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(2022-12-24) POOJA, N.; UMESH, K. B.During the COVID-19 induced lockdown in India, it was difficult, especially for the fruits and vegetables farmers, to find right price for their produce. Thus, the study assessed the impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on banana and onion growers in Vijayanagara district of Karnataka. The study used Vector Autoregression and Vector Error Correction Model to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on market arrivals and prices of banana and onion. Expectedly, there was a negative impact of COVID-19 on market arrivals and prices of banana. However, there was a positive impact of COVID-19 pandemic on market arrivals and prices of onion, accounting to an average gain of 1,17,405 per month for the market, explaining that the impact varied according to the nature of commodities. The personal interviews with the farmers revealed that the net income from banana and onion had decreased during COVID period. Also, the expenditure on food and health was significantly higher during the COVID period. Meanwhile, expenditure on recreation, social ceremonies and clothing had decreased significantly. Nearly 83 per cent of the banana growers distributed the harvested bananas to the nearby zoo at free of cost, depicting the pathetic condition of banana growers during the lockdown. However, 77 per cent of the onion growers stored the onions in the warehouses and anticipated for better prices in the future, Therefore, the study suggests to strengthen the Supply chain system by digitisation and logistic development that could cushion out the shocks like that of COVID-19 pandemic.
