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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON BANANA AND ONION GROWERS IN VIJAYANAGARA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(2022-12-24) POOJA, N.; UMESH, K. B.During the COVID-19 induced lockdown in India, it was difficult, especially for the fruits and vegetables farmers, to find right price for their produce. Thus, the study assessed the impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on banana and onion growers in Vijayanagara district of Karnataka. The study used Vector Autoregression and Vector Error Correction Model to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on market arrivals and prices of banana and onion. Expectedly, there was a negative impact of COVID-19 on market arrivals and prices of banana. However, there was a positive impact of COVID-19 pandemic on market arrivals and prices of onion, accounting to an average gain of 1,17,405 per month for the market, explaining that the impact varied according to the nature of commodities. The personal interviews with the farmers revealed that the net income from banana and onion had decreased during COVID period. Also, the expenditure on food and health was significantly higher during the COVID period. Meanwhile, expenditure on recreation, social ceremonies and clothing had decreased significantly. Nearly 83 per cent of the banana growers distributed the harvested bananas to the nearby zoo at free of cost, depicting the pathetic condition of banana growers during the lockdown. However, 77 per cent of the onion growers stored the onions in the warehouses and anticipated for better prices in the future, Therefore, the study suggests to strengthen the Supply chain system by digitisation and logistic development that could cushion out the shocks like that of COVID-19 pandemic.ThesisItem Embargo AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS OF ARECANUT IN NONTRADITIONAL REGION OF KARNATAKA(2022-12-12) BHARATH, K. Y.; Jagannath OlekarThe present study on arecanut and its value added products was carried out in Tumkuru and Ramanagara districts of Karnataka during 2021-22. The study assessed the cost and returns and investment feasibility of arecanut and its value added products, marketing channels of value added products of arecanut and constraints in marketing of value added products of arecanut. Primary data was collected from 60 arecanut growing farmers and ten manufacturing units of the value added products. The results revealed that total cost of cultivation of arecanut was Rs. 2,83,333 per acre per annum which generated gross returns of Rs. 5,07,600 per acre and net returns realized was Rs. 2,24,267 per acre. The cultivation of arecanut was economically feasible with NPV of Rs. 7,21,432 per acre, BC ratio of 1.35 and IRR of 17 per cent. For the production of 9,80,216 numbers of areca leaf plate the expenditure was Rs. 16,68,746 which generated a gross returns of Rs. 21,88,328 and net returns of Rs. 5,19,582. The cost of production of kalipak was Rs. 42,364 per quintal which generated gross returns of Rs. 49,099 per quintal and net returns realized of Rs. 6,735 per quintal. The areca leaf manufacturing unit was economically feasible with NPV of Rs. 15,54,059, BC ratio of 1.24 and IRR of 49 per cent. Channel II was most efficient channel followed by channel I and channel III in marketing of kalipak. Channel I was most efficient channel followed by channel II and channel III in marketing of areca leaf plates. The long distance coverage to market was the major constraint in marketing of kalipak and competition from large manufacturers was the major constraint in marketing of areca leaf plates.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON FARM INCOME OF VEGETABLE PRODUCERS IN TERAI REGION OF NEPAL(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-21) SAMJHAUTA THAPA; Mahin SharifThe present study analysed the Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on farm income of fegetable producers in Terai region of Nepal. The study was undertaken in Chitwan fistrict during November, 2019. Data was collected from 90 vegetable growers and analysed using descriptive statistics, costs and returns analysis, production function and decomposition analysis. From the decomposition analysis, it was found that gross returns from the selected vegetables (tomato, cucumber and bitter gourd) production was reduced by 85.65 per cent during COVID period which led to the reduction in household income by 59 per cent.Net returns from tomato cultivation were reduced by NPR 2.06 lakhs (-93.77%) which is attributed to the reduction in its yield by 10.68 per cent, market price by 46.77 per cent and inflated cost of cultivation by 10.98 per cent. Similarly, net retons from cucumber and bitter gourd cultivation were lowered by NPR 1.97 lakhs (-130.55%) and NPR 1.16 lakhs (-99.56%) owing to the reduction in market price by 61.76 per centThesisItem Open Access AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GI TAGGED MYSORE BETEL VINE CULTIVATION IN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-21) SHREYAS, K.; G M GaddiThe present study, based on primary data from 60 growers comprising of 30 farmers each growing Mysuru betel leaf and Ambadi betel leaf, 20 market intermediaries and 30 consumers was conducted in Mysuru district during 2020-21. Results revealed that awareness about Mysuru betel leaf having GI Tag was less among Mysuru betel leaf growers (43.33%), Ambadi betel leaf growers (16.66 %) and consumers (20 %). Consumers preferred Mysuru betel leaf over Ambadi betel leaf, because of taste and spicy nature as revealed by conjoint analysis and not because of GI tag. The cost of cultivation of Mysuru betel vine (Rs. 3,66,896/ac) was more than that of Ambadi betel vine (Rs.3,51,339/ac) cultivation. Mysuru betel leaf growers realised 23.92 per cent higher net returns because of higher price fetched by Mysuru betel leaves (Rs. 3,071/pendi of 10,000 leaves) than Ambadi betel leaves (Rs. 2,683/pendi). The resource use efficiency analysis revealed that for both the varieties, the production coefficients for planting material, human labour and FYM were significant, while coefficients for fertilizers (-0.102) and plant protection chemicals (-0.002) were negative but were not significant in Ambadi betel vine cultivation. Among different marketing channels, Channel-III (Farmer-Commission agent cum trader-Wholesaler cum retailer-Consumer) was found to be the most efficient channel with higher producer’s share in consumers rupee for both Mysuru leaf (57.12 %) and Ambadi leaf (55.44 %) than the other channels. Labour scarcity and price volatility were the major constraints reported by betel leaf growers. Further, the study highlights the need to educate the growers about GI tag and the market authorities to check malpractices of intermediaries in the marketThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF COCOA IN DAKSHINA KANNADA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA – AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-01-17) DEEKSHA, K. S.; Gajanana, T. M.The present study on cocoa cultivation was undertaken in Dakshina Kannada district (Puttur and Sullia taluk) which has the highest area and productivity of cocoa in the state. The study assessed the economics, investment feasibility, marketing practices, constraints and global competitiveness of cocoa. Primary data were collected from thirtythree farmers from Puttur and thirty-two farmers from Sullia taluk. The results indicated that the cost of cultivation of cocoa in Sullia was slightly higher (Rs. 22979/ac) than in Puttur taluk (Rs. 22530/ac). The cultivation of cocoa was economically feasible with IRR of 18 per cent and 21 per cent and with Benefit Cost Ratio of 1.34 and 1.41 in Puttur and Sullia, respectively. Puttur taluk farmers incurred higher marketing cost (Rs. 1.21/kg) than Sullia taluk farmers (Rs. 0.87/kg) which was mainly due to transportation. Seasonality was observed in arrival and price realised by the sample farmers over the months. Rodent’s attack, insect and disease attack and unremunerative price were the major constraints in cocoa cultivation. The nominal protection coefficient (NPC) of cocoa was 0.98 in 1994-2020 and 0.93 during 2010-2020 thereby indicating that cocoa was competitive in the international market. Adoption of improved varieties along with associated good production management practices, incentives for promotion of these for enhancing productivity and improving the efficiency of the marketing channels would go a long way in increasing the production of cocoa in India.ThesisItem Embargo RISK ASSESSMENT IN PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF POTATO IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(2022-12-29) SHIVALEELA PATIL; GADDI, G. M.The present study on risk assessment in production and marketing of potato in Eastern Dry Zone (EDZ) of Karnataka used both the secondary data on area, production, productivity, arrivals and prices of potato and primary data from 80 potato growers and 30 market intermediaries. The growth rate analysis revealed increasing production in Chikkaballapur (4.66 %) while area was decreasing (-2.66 %) in Kolar. Potato arrivals and prices in study markets varied across the years with higher seasonal indices of arrivals during December (275.60) in Chikkaballapur and January (295.66) in Kolar market. Farmers in Chikkaballapur district realized higher yield (128.25 q/ac) than Kolar farmers (121.88 q/ac) by incurring total cost of ₹ 117081/ac and ₹ 120568, respectively. The potato cultivation was profitable as revealed by higher returns per rupee of expenditure (1.34 and 1.49). The resource use efficiency analysis indicated scope to increase area under potato and use more of FYM while usage of plant protection chemicals needs to be reduced as it was over utilized. The quantification of risk in production and marketing of potato using Value at Risk (VaR) revealed high market risk in Kolar (₹ 1538/q) than Chikkaballapur (VaR of ₹ 804.20/q), with corresponding VaR of 100 quintals 93.01 quintals with respect to production risk. Majority (43.75 %) of the farmers preferred Channel I (Farmers→ Wholesalers→ Retailer →Consumer) compared to Channel II (37.50 %) and Channel III (18.75 %). However, the PSCR (61.75 %) and Acharya’s marketing efficiency index (1.61) found relatively higher in Channel-III than other channels.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICS OF HYBRID TOMATO SEED PRODUCTION IN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE, 2022-06-16) ROOPA HANUMANTAPPA HADIMANI; Sreenivasa Murthy, D.The study was taken-up to examine costs and returns, technical efficiency, marketing channels and constraints faced by farmers and seed company in tomato hybrid seed production. Data were collected from hybrid tomato seed growers and commercial tomato growers 30 each, 5 seed production companies, 5 distributors, 20 retailers and 30 in Karnataka during 2020-21. Findings of the study revealed that the per acre cost of cultivation of hybrid tomato seed production was Rs.3,77,123 and gave a net profit of Rs.3,78,799. The seed growers’ margin was Rs.2 for every rupee of investment in seed production. Regarding technical efficiency, 66.66 per cent of tomato farms performed at optimum scale. Two major marketing channels were observed in tomato seed marketing viz. Channel I (Seed Company- Distributors- Retailers) and Channel II (Seed Company Retailers) for hybrid tomato seeds. The seed producers’ share in tomato growing farmers rupee in both channels was 12.74 per cent. Relatively higher proportion (40%) of the commercial tomato growers preferred hybrid seeds over other segments. Higher disease and pest attack was the major production constraint, while lack of technical knowledge of seed extraction was the major processing constraint and grading of seeds was major marketing constraint for growers. Mixing of low grade with high grade seeds was the major problem reported by the firms. Further, study highlights the need to educate the growers about maintaining quality in seed production and strengthening of development of disease resistant hybrids as the research and development priority for seed industry.ThesisItem Embargo ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE USE MANAGEMENT IN COTTON PRODUCTION: A STUDY IN NORTH-EASTERN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-19) PRAVEENRAJ; VENKATARAMANA, M NCotton is one of the important fiber and cash crop of India. It plays a dominant role in the industrial and agricultural economy of the country. It is cultivated in 312 lakh hectares across the world and in around 117 lakh hectares in the country. Area under cotton in Karnataka is 7.5 lakh hectares with production of 28 lakh bales. The present study was carried out to examine the economic analysis of resource use management in cotton production. The data was collected by employing purposive random sampling technique with a total sample of 80. The findings revealed that Karnataka state showed a positive and significant growth rate in area (2.79 %), production (8.46 %) and productivity (5.52 %) and the instability in cotton production (33.09 %) was high during 2000-01 to 2019-20. The total cost incurred, gross returns, net returns observed and returns per rupee of expenditure were Rs. 30598/ac, Rs. 47733/ac, Rs. 17135/ac and 1.56, respectively. In the cotton cultivation farmers were not efficient in resources allocation as FYM and manure, chemical fertilizers and human labour were underutilized. The high cost of labour was a major constraint faced by cotton growers. Hence, there is a scope to adopt new technologies in cotton cultivation to reduce the cost of cultivation in cotton. The total yield gap in cotton cultivation was found to be 2.52 q/ac which comprises of Yield Gap-I of 1.20 q/ac and Yield Gap-II of 1.32 q/ac. The findings suggest that good extension strategies in transferring technologies, mechanization and timely execution of farm operations will help in better realization of income by the farmersThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF APPLE IN AFGHANISTAN: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-24) FAHIMULLAH WARDAK; LOKESHA H.The study was undertaken with an overall objective of analyzing the production and export performance of apple in Afghanistan. The study is based on primary data collected from 60 apple growers belongs to Chak district of Wardak province in Afghanistan. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of apple along with export of apple in quantity and value terms was elicited. The results revealed that, growth in area (13.68 %) and production (12.38 %) of apple was increased for the period from 2007 to 2019 while the productivity growth was declined (-0.68 %) during the study period. The total establishment cost and annual maintenance cost per hectare of apple orchard was 4,66,249 AFG and 1,40,489 AFG, respectively. The net return realized from apple cultivation was 1,11,858.3 AFG and return per Afghani was 1.8. Out of the totalproduction, its export share has increased from 5,320 tonnes in 2007 to 23,475 tonnes in2019. The transitional probability matrix revealed that Pakistan, India and other countries group had retained 98.6, 87.99 and 31.17 per cent of its previous year’s share. Export of apple from Afghanistan was export competitive which is visualized from positive Relative Comparative Advantage and higher than zero Relative Symmetric Comparative Advantage. The major constraints in apple production includes low domestic price, no access to credit and insecurity in major apple producing areas. The major marketing constraints include no cold storage facilities, poor transportation facilities and no dissemination of market information to the farmers.
