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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access OPTIMAL PRODUCTION TIMING AND LAND ALLOCATION FOR SUMMER TOMATO IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA -AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-10-26) VASANTH KUMAR, C.; Sreenivasa Murthy, D.The study was undertaken to assess the optimal production timing and land allocation for summer under different tomato transplanting groups based on the timing of transplanting of seedlings, viz, TA1 (April 1st to 15th), TA2 (April 16th to 30th), TM1 (May 1 st to 15th) and TM2 (May 16th to 30th). The data was collected from 120 sample farmers of Kolar and Chikkaballapur districts using Multi-stage purposive-cum-random sampling procedure and analysed using simple tabular, production function and Data Envelopment Analysis. Economic feasibility analysis indicated that summer tomato production in Karnataka is both capital and labour intensive and is economically viable to the growers particularly more to the farmers of group TM1. Time series analysis of price data revealed two ideal crop seasons in a year i.e., crop harvest coinciding with the late kharif crop (November month) and crop harvest coinciding the summer crops (late June and July) as these would fetch farmers highest returns. The study validated that May month especially the first fortnight was the best time for farmers to transplant tomato to maximize the profit. Majority of farmers (75 %) in summer production are yet to achieve the technical efficiency level of 0.90 and above suggesting a great scope to reduce the use of present inputs by about 20 per cent and still maintain the same level of tomato yield. Allocative efficiency in tomato production is about 33 per cent and suggests majority of farmers are not yet applying the inputs in optimal proportions with respective prices.ThesisItem Open Access AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF STATE SPONSORED ORGANIC FARMING INITIATIVE ON PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF MAJOR FOOD CROPS IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-12) NAVEENA, K. P.; Umesh, K. B.The study analyzes the impact of State sponsored organic farming initiative on farming community in Southern Karnataka. The required data was collected through personal interview during 2015-16 using structured schedule from a random sample of 180 farmers which included continued organic, discontinued organic and conventional farmers. The data was analyzed using logistic regression and Garrett’s ranking technique. Results revealed that the organic village programme implementation and the amount allocated were in accordance with the guidelines of the State Government. Among organic farming practices, farm bunds and compost preparation were common practices followed by the respondents, while incorporation of green manure into soil, pest and disease management through bio-pesticides were neglected. Further, none of the sample respondents had done soil testing and certified their farm as organic. The important expectations of farmers to adopt organic farming were higher yield, premium price and market linkage for organic food products. The logit analysis revealed that the number of training programmes attended by the respondents had positively influenced continuation of organic farming while, increase in farm area and higher off-farm income resulted in discontinuation of organic farming practice. The per hectare cost of cultivation of organically produced ragi (` 43672 in Kolar, ` 44149 in Mysuru and ` 38413 in Ramanagara) and groundnut (` 54404 in Kolar, ` 49044 in Mysuru and ` 53345 in Ramanagara) was higher than the conventional method of production (` 41957 and ` 50835 in Kolar, ` 40315 and ` 48196 in Mysuru and ` 37550 and ` 52078 in Ramanagara for ragi and groundnut, respectively in that order). The productivity levels were marginally lower in organic farming but it was compensated by premium price. Consumer analysis was carried out from a sample of 60 organic food consumers. Logit model for consumer preference confirms that regular users and small households confirm their purchasing behaviour of organic food products. The respondents were willing to pay premium prices for organic food products and the important factors which positively influenced willingness to pay were consumer’s age, education and income.ThesisItem Open Access CUSTOM HIRING SERVICES IN AGRICULTURE – AN INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS STUDY IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-04) RANJITH KUMAR, P. S.; Mahadeviah, G. S.The present study was undertaken in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka which is one of the major agricultural production zone facing sever labour shortage and have immense scope for mechanization. The primary data for the study was collected from the 30 custom hire service (CHS) providers and 150 farmers who are availing the service. The study focused on characteristic features of CHS providers, farm machinery inventory available with them, economic feasibility, investment pattern, benefits accrued to the farmers by CHS providers and problems faced by the farmers as well as the CHS providers in the study region. The results indicated that the government subsidized NGO operated CHSCs adopted strict norms in providing farm machinery services and payments for services compared to other CHS providers in the study region. The NGO operated CHSC in Chikkaballapur had invested more capital compared to other CHS providers. Irrespective of the CHS providers and region, the investment made on tillage equipments was the highest. However, the government subsidized CHSCs own maximum number farm machinery inventory compared to other CHS providers irrespective of the region. The feasible factors highlighted that all the government subsidized CHS providers are economically feasible and NGO operated CHSC in Tumkur is generating higher returns. Further, farmers owning farm machinery exclusively for custom hiring purpose in Kolar is generating higher return than all other CHS providers operating in the region. In addition, it was found that the farmers have realized 10 to 20 per cent higher returns from using custom hire services from government subsidized CHSC than other CHS providers. Where the government sponsored CHSCs charge lower hiring charges which reduced the cost of cultivation. The non-availability of skilled operators of farm machinery, spare parts of farm machinery and repair and maintenance and local workshops were the major constraints faced by the CHS providers. While nonavailability of machinery services in time, quality of farm operation and payment options were the major constraints faced by the farmers.ThesisItem Open Access AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION ACROSS RURAL URBAN GRADIENT OF BENGALURU NORTH: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-01) HARISHKUMAR, H. V.; Chinnappa Reddy, B. V.Urbanization is a common phenomenon across the globe which is slowly turning rural landscapes into urban landscapes. This transformation is having constructive as well destructive impacts on the livelihood of farm households. The study was carried out in the rural-urban continuum of Bengaluru North, where the developmental pressure of Bengaluru city is most prominent. The study was based on primary data of 180 farmers from urban, peri-urban and rural situations and secondary data on land use pattern from DES, Bengaluru. The results revealed that marginalization of farm lands was one of the consequences of urbanization in urban and peri-urban gradient. It may reiterate in rural gradient because of tendency of increase in number and extent of land sales. Strong negative correlation between area under non-agricultural uses and net sown area was found in Bengaluru urban (-0.96) district as whole and Bengaluru North (-0.78) and Devanahalli (-0.56) taluks in particular. Semi-log hedonic model identified proximity variables distance to Bengaluru city and to national highway and temporal variable of transaction year as significantly influencing farm land values. The allocative efficiency analysis identified the need for readjustment of inputs in crop production and dairy across the gradients. Cobb-Douglas type of production function identified loan amount borrowed and number of youth in farming having significant bearing on accumulation of non-land farm capital stock in urban and peri-urban. Garret ranking technique prioritized push factors of non-availability of resources of land and irrigation, unemployment and poverty and pull factors of better alternatives, nearness to urban and relatively high wages, influencing farm youth migration across the three gradients. Dairy was a key source of income in urban (30.32 %), peri-urban (25.78 %) and rural gradients (27.85 %). Strong policy measures on land use to curtail the unlawful conversion of farm lands and its effective implementation was needed.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF ORGANIC FARM PRODUCE IN SOUTH KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-28) MALATESH, TALAVAR; Gaddi, G.MOrganic farming is an agricultural production system which favours the maximum use of organic materials viz., crop residues, animal excreta, legumes, on and off farm organic wastes, growth regulators and bio-pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible approach. This is a method of farming that works at grass root level preserving the reproductive and regenerative capacity of the soil, good plant nutrition, and sound soil management, produces nutritious food rich in vitality which has resistance to diseases. Organic farming is practiced in India since thousands of years. The great Indian civilization thrived on organic farming and was one of the most prosperous countries in the world, till the British ruled it. In traditional India, the entire agriculture was practiced using organic techniques, where the fertilizers, pesticides etc. were obtained from plant and animal products. Organic farming was the backbone of the Indian economy and cow was worshipped (and till today done so) as a God, as it not only provide milk but also draft power for agriculture besides farm yard manure.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTIVE USE OF IRRIGATION WATER IN KRISHNA RIVER BASIN OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-21) POORNIMA, HOUSHETTY; Srikantha Murthy, P. S.The study was undertaken in Krishna river basin (Vjayapura and Kalaburgi districts) of Karnataka to analyse economics of irrigation among the farms across surface water (SW), groundwater (GW) and conjunctive use (CU) regimes. The data was collected from randomly selected 60 farmers each under the three irrigation regimes. The annual cost of irrigation per acre was highest under GW regime ( 4975) followed by CU ( 3314) and SW regime ( 469). The net return in the farms where CU is followed is higher ( 10599 per acre) than in farms irrigated by GW and SW ( 6772 per acre and 8490 per acre respectively). The transaction cost incurred to establish the water users cooperative society (WUCS) was 16,750. The total annual expenditure incurred by WUCS was 77,338 of which the expenditure on clearing field channels was the highest ( 32500), followed by salary of secretary ( 30000). The share of energy costs in total cost of irrigation was higher under conventional irrigation system (34 %) compared to drip irrigation system (25 %) and sprinkler irrigation system (22 %) among the farms irrigated by GW and in case of farms irrigated by CU, share of energy costs in total cost of irrigation was the highest under drip irrigation system (30 %) compared to conventional irrigation system (27 %) and sprinkler irrigation system (23 %). Promoting conjunctive use and rejuvenating WUCS will helps in improving water use efficiency.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF DECLINE IN BIVALVES PRODUCTION ON BIVALVES COLLECTORS IN AGHANASHINI ESTUARY(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-21) ADARSH SURESH, SHET; Mahadevaiah, G.S.The study was undertaken to assess the economic impact of decline in bivalves production on bivalves collectors in Aghanashini estuary of Uttara Kannada districts, Karnataka State. The data was collected from randomly selected 120 bivalves collectors and 30 marketing intermediaries. The results revealed that, the percentage of households involved bivalves collection has radically decreased from 95 per cent during 2012-13 to 38.33 per cent during 2016-17. The quantity of bivalves harvested has been reduced from 289 kg/day/family to 29 kg/day/family during 2012 to 2017. The average cost of harvesting bivalves per kg was 2.36 during 2012-13 which been increased 33.03/kg in 2016-2017. On an average, a family was generating income of . 3,19,056/year during 2012-13 has been declined to 63,945 during 2016-17. Across different marketing channel, marketing cost was highest in Channel-III ( .17.07/kg) and it was lowest in Channel-I ( .10.05/kg). Further, highest price spread was observed in channel–III ( 76.46/kg) as against zero in channel–I. Because of decline in bivalves production, bivalves collectors were shifted to other alternative livelihoods, wherein maximum dependency (71 %) was observed on construction work, maximum number of days of employment provided by cashew factory (325 days), and maximum per capita annual income was generated from marine fishing ( 1,20,589/year). Given these facts, identification and addressing threat factors for bivalve fisheries is the need of an hour for formulating strategies to restore the resources.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS OF BANANA CULTIVATION AND ITS COMPETING CROPS IN HILLY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-16) RANGEGOWDA, R.; Umesh, K. B.The study was undertaken in Hilly Zone of Karnataka to analyse the dynamics of banana area, production and prices along with cost and returns, resources use efficiency and profitability of banana and its competing crops. Multistage random sampling technique was employed to select the respondents. In total 200 banana growing farmers and 100 consumer household were selected and required field data pertaining to the year 2015-16 was collected through personal interview. The secondary data was collected from various published sources. The data were analysed using compound growth rate, instability index, Cobb-Douglas production function, partial budgeting technique, Garrett ranking technique and descriptive statistics. The results revealed that, growth in area, production and productivity of banana in India, Karnataka and in the study area showed significant positive growth for the period 2001-02 to 2015-16. Further, horticultural crops showed positive trend compared to agricultural crops. The results of cost and returns of banana and its competing crops revealed that, banana cultivation was profitable with per ha net returns of Rs. 3,04,475 compared to its competing crops (Rs. 3,829 in paddy and Rs. 1,18,598 in ginger). Resource use efficiency in banana production indicated that sucker, FYM, chemical fertilizer and irrigation were the most productive inputs. The study also showed that, there is a scope for reorganizing inputs usage of these were departed from optimality as indicated by MVP:MFC ratio. Skin colour, price and taste were the major factors that contributed for consumer preference for banana. Year round availability, Price of banana, taste, religious festivals, health concern and nutritional quality were the major factors influenced households to consume banana. Less labour requirement, high profitability, regular demand and low pest and disease compared to its competing crops were the major factors responsible for sustained banana production in the study area.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS OF BANANA CULTIVATION AND ITS COMPETING CROPS IN HILLY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-16) RANGEGOWDA, R.; Umesh, K. B.The study was undertaken in Hilly Zone of Karnataka to analyse the dynamics of banana area, production and prices along with cost and returns, resources use efficiency and profitability of banana and its competing crops. Multistage random sampling technique was employed to select the respondents. In total 200 banana growing farmers and 100 consumer household were selected and required field data pertaining to the year 2015-16 was collected through personal interview. The secondary data was collected from various published sources. The data were analysed using compound growth rate, instability index, Cobb-Douglas production function, partial budgeting technique, Garrett ranking technique and descriptive statistics. The results revealed that, growth in area, production and productivity of banana in India, Karnataka and in the study area showed significant positive growth for the period 2001-02 to 2015-16. Further, horticultural crops showed positive trend compared to agricultural crops. The results of cost and returns of banana and its competing crops revealed that, banana cultivation was profitable with per ha net returns of Rs. 3,04,475 compared to its competing crops (Rs. 3,829 in paddy and Rs. 1,18,598 in ginger). Resource use efficiency in banana production indicated that sucker, FYM, chemical fertilizer and irrigation were the most productive inputs. The study also showed that, there is a scope for reorganizing inputs usage of these were departed from optimality as indicated by MVP:MFC ratio. Skin colour, price and taste were the major factors that contributed for consumer preference for banana. Year round availability, Price of banana, taste, religious festivals, health concern and nutritional quality were the major factors influenced households to consume banana. Less labour requirement, high profitability, regular demand and low pest and disease compared to its competing crops were the major factors responsible for sustained banana production in the study area.