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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN TUNGABHADRA PROJECT AREA, KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-07) YERRISWAMY, J.; HUGAR, L. B.The study was undertaken (1997-98) in Tungabhadra Project (TBP) area to assess the selected agricultural systems which were identified on die basis of adquacy of irrigation water and period of practice of irrigated agriculture namely (i) Ancient Irrigated Agricultural System (AIAS) which is under irrigation fi-om the period of Vijaynagara empire (last 3-4 centuries) with assured supply of water (ii) Highly Intensive Agricultural System (HIAS) under irrigation for die last 4 decades with assured supply of water and (iii) Semi-Intensive Agricultural System (SIAS) under irrigation for the last 2-3 decades with inadequate water supply. The cropping pattern was found to be highly diversified in SIAS and AIAS whereas monoculture of paddy was noticed in HIAS. The cropping intensity as well as cultivable land use index were also higher in AIAS over HIAS indicating higjier land use efficiency in AIAS. The input use pattern in paddy clearly revealed that the cost on plant protection chemicals and chemical fertilizers formed the major components of total cost in HIAS and SIAS while the cost on labour in AIAS. The net returns of kharif paddy was found to be higher in AIAS (Rs. 20,002/ha), compared to HIAS (Rs. 17,408/ha) and SIAS (Rs. 14,402/ha) mainly due to higher cost on plant protection chemicals and fertilizers in HIAS. The resource use efficiency of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals indicated their excess use in paddy cultivation under HIAS and SIAS. It is worth noting that the intensity of all selected indicators namely, cropping intensity, irrigation intensity, plant protection chemicals use intensity, fertilizer use intensity, high yielding variety seeds use intensity, machine power use intensity, commercial crops intensity and labour use intensity were found to be higher in HIAS except organic manure use intensity which was found to be higher in AIAS. Intensity of other resources found to be moderate in AIAS. Intensity of all indicators were lower in SIAS in view of risk of irregular and inadequate supply of canal irrigation water. The Composite Efficiency Index (CEI) as well as Composite Yield Index (CYI) of AIAS was found to be higher indicating its efficiency as compared to other systems. The position of socio-economic status of sample farmers in both HIAS and AIAS appears to be better than those in SIAS. The practice of agriculture in AIAS with higher use of organic manures, appropriate crop rotations and less use of plant protection chemicals appears to be sustained over years in terms of higher composite yield index. Hence, fanners under HIAS and SIAS needs to be educated with such practices of sustainable agricultural system as well as to improve their socio economic status.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICS OF PROCESSING AND MARKETING OF RICE IN TUNGABHADRA PROJECT AREA, KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-07) KOUJALAGI, ANILKUMAR P.; HUGAR, L. B.In general, the performance of large size rice mills was better than medium and small size rice mills, in terms of procurement costs, outturn, power consumption and returns, indicating economies of scale and their viability. The pattern of procurement of paddy indicated that rice mills procured highest quantity of paddy from farmers through commission agents (61.75%). The disposal pattern of rice revealed that small (44.72%) and medium (42.51%) size rice Mills sold their major quantity of output to the markets located within the state while large size rice mills (60.00%) resorted to the markets outside the state and country through brokers. Therefore, the association of rice millers for export of rice may give better dividend than depending on brokers. The processing cost was found to be higher in large size rice mills (Rs. 701.26/q.), compared to medium (Rs. 608.54/q.) and small (Rs. 558.60/q) size rice mills. Of the total processing cost, variable cost formed major component (96.56%) in all the categories of rice mills. The net returns per quintal of output obtained were higher in large size rice mills (Rs. 121.33), compared to other categories of rice mills. Further, business ratio analysis showed that large size rice mills earned higher profit than small and medium size rice mills. However, the capacity utilization in an the categories of mills was poor (53.49%) mainly due to irregular power supply and inadequate supply of raw material. The power consumption decreased with the increase in the size of the mill As the rate of outturn of headrice increased with the size of the mill, small and medium size rice mills may, by processing more quantity, improve their recovery percentage. The actual production of output in all the categories of mills was more than the break-even volume of output As per the perceptions of rice millers, the present levy system is not benefrcial either to the Government or to the millers. So, there is a need to rationalize the existing levy system as well as lifting of trade barriers which would reduce corruption and malpractices and thereby provide favourable environment for rice trading. To improve the transportation facility and to reduce cost of transportation, establishment of co-operative transport service societies can be thought of.ThesisItem Open Access AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN COTTON IN RAICHUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-07) VEERAPUR, M.S.; HUGAR, L. B.The study on economics of integrated pest management technology in cotton production in Raichur district of Kamataka was takenup where large scale demonstrations were carriedout by the scientists of University of Agricultural Sciences (Dharwad), Raichur campus in collaboration with Kamataka State Department of Agriculture and Cotton Corporation of India. During the demonstration year of 1997-98, the total cost of cultivation of cotton in IPM farmers was 21.11 per cent less than Non-IPM farmers mainly due to savings (67.19%) in plant protection chemicals. This savings (Rs. 5662,Tia) when projected to the area under cotton in Raichur district (43,255/ha) would amount to Rs.24.48 crores annually. The net returns in IPM farmers (Rs.29,783.44;'ha) ^^'as significantly higher than Non-IPM farmers (Rs.l6,803/ha) mainly due to increase in yield (16.62%) on one hand and decrease in total cost of cultivation on the other. The analysis of resource use efficiency indicated that the plant protection chemicals significantly influenced the yield on cotton in IPM farmers, while it was negative and non-significant in the case of Non-IPM farmers. Further, the ratio of MVP to MFC being 00.98 clearly indicated that the plant protection chemicals were optimally used by IPM farmers. In the case of Non-IPM farmers, not only the regression coefficient of plant protection chemicals was negative (-0.15) but also the ratio of MVP to MFC was less than one indicating its excessive use. The decomposition analysis revealed that the net contribution of IPM technology in promoting output was 32.73 per cent and it declined to 16.89 per cent in the subsequent year. In the second year of the study (1998-99) when the agencies supporting the IPM demonstration were withdrawn, the extent of adoption of IPM components declined while use of chemical pesticides increased resulting in decline in yield (7.96%) and net returns (24.91%). Non availability of IPM components was the major reason for non-adoption followed by withdrawal of regular technical know-how from University of Agricultural Sciences / Kamataka State Department of Agriculture and non-supply of inputs by demonstrating agencies. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the existing system with the subject experts under Kamataka State Department of Agriculture as well as University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to take up regular monitoring of cotton pests and consultancy along with establishment of production units for multiplication and distribution of IPM components for effective management of pests in cottonThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF Pandanus spp. AS AN INTERCROP IN COCONUT GARDENS OF KERALA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-07) CHITHRA GOPAL, R. S.; HIREMATH, G. K.The coconut palm plays an important role in the economic, social and cultural activities of the people of India. In Kerala, about 5 million families depend on coconut for livelihood. With the spread of debilitating root (wilt) disease, both production and productivity are drastically affected which has resulted in taking up intercrops in coconut gardens. In the coastal areas where there is no feasibility of raising other intercrops, Pandanus is taken up as an intercrop in coconut gardens, the leaves of which are used by farm women for weaving mats. The study was conducted on two economically important species viz., Pandanus amaryllifolius and Pandanus veitchii, the leaves of which are used for single layer and double layer mat making, respectively. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of samples. Both financial and tabular analvses were used to arrive at the results. An analysis of financial feasibilities of investment in coconut (monocropping) and coconut + Pandanus (intercropping) favoured the intercropping in general and coconut + P. amaryllifolius in particular. The study revealed that a producer engaged in single layer mat making produced 115 mats per year. The net returns worked out to be Rs.2116 per year for a producer.A producer engaged in double layer mat making produced 50 pairs of unfinished mats in a year realising a net return of Rs.2650 annually. The study revealed the extraordinary influence and influx of middlemen in the marketing of single layer and double layer mats which reduced the producer's share in consumer rupee (varied from 33.33% to 41,67% in single layer mat marketing and 42.07% to 43.47% in double layer mat marketing). The opinion survey revealed problems like scarcity of thazha. drudgery of production technology, poor quality of mats, shifting of consumer preference etc. which required immediate attention from policy makers.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF BANANA IN MAHARASHTRA STATE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-07) MORE SACHIN, S.; HOSAMANI, S. B.The study was conducted in Nanded and Parbhani districts of Maharashtra state, with an overall objective of studying the economics of production and marketing of Banana. Data were collected from 120 Banana growing farmers from six villages each of Nanded and Vasmat taluks. Tabular, Growth rate and Functional analysis were employed to analyse the data. The results revealed that increase in area was found to be higher in Nanded district (19.36%) followed by Parbhani district (10.07%) and Maharashtra State (4.50%). Similar trend was observed in respect of banana production. On the contrary the state Productivity grovrth was the highest (1.43%) followed by Nanded (1.40%) and Parbhani (0.90%) districts of the state. The per hectare cost of cultivation was high in small farmers (Rs. 82,294.72) followed by pooled (Rs. 78,506.76) and large (Rs. 76,610.06) farmers. Among the farmers categories higher net income was recorded on the large farms (Rs. 63,625.54) and the lower in small farms (Rs. 58,402.08). The results of functional analysis indicated that land and capital contributed significantly to production (yield) of Banana in all categories of farms. The analysis of Timmer's measure of technical efficiency revealed that about 21 small and 29 large farms obtained more than 75 per cent of the potential Banana yield, while 19 small and 9 large farms got between 58 to 74 per cent and 20 small and 22 large farms got 57 per cent and below yield. The per quintal marketing cost of Banana in the study area was Rs. 105.72 and producer's share in consumer's rupee was worked out to be 58.44 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF SOYBEAN IN KARNATAKA - AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-07) KULKARNI, BASAVARAJ S.; KUNNAL, L. B.The study aims at evaluating the economics of production and marketing of soybean in Belgaum district A sample of 120 farmers were selected using multistage sampling method. The data was collected for the agricultural year 1997-98 through survey method. Belgaum district consisted of 2 soybean processing units, of which only one unit which was working was selected. The techniques of compound growth rate and tabular analysis were employed for anafysing the data. There was a significant increase in area and production of soybean during the period 1986-87 to 1995-96 both in Belgaum District and Kamataka State as a whole but productivity showed a non-significant positive increase. The total cost incurred (Cost T)") for soybean production was Rs. 17,953.48 per hectare by small farmers and Rs. 16,602.06 per hectare by large farmers. An hectare of soybean generated a gross income of Rs.25,000 in small farms and Rs.23,000 in large farms. Two marketing channels were identified in the study area for marketing of soybean. Channel-! was preferred mostly by large formers (72.72%) compared to small farmers (27.80%) and Channel-II was preferred small farmers (72.20%) compared to laige farmers (27.28%). The total capital invested in the processing unit was Rs.490.53 lakhs. The total cost of processing incurred per tonne of soybean was Rs. 10,404.47, of which variable cost accounted for 96.50 per cent and fixed cost for 3.50 per cent The net returns per ton of soybean processed was Rs.665.53 and the benefit-Cost ratio for the processing unit was 1.06. The major constraints faced by farmers in production were rust disease, non-availability of labourers. The problem of price fluctuation, high transportation cost were the bottlenecks in marketing of the crop. The major problems faced fay the processing unit were regarding the seasonal availability of raw material and inadequate power supply.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES IN MARKETING OF GRAPE AND LIME IN BIJAPUR MARKET, KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-07) SHELLIKERI, SHREENIVAS G.; MUNDINAMANI, S. M.Kamataka is one of the progressive states with great potential for horticultural development. Among the different districts in the state, Bijapiir district is known for the production of fruit crops, particularly grapes and lime. Inspite of this, considerable loss is observed due to improper post-harvest handling. The present study was conducted in Bijapur market of Kamataka to assess the economics of post-harvest losses in marketing of grape and lime. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of samples. The data collected was subjected to growth rate analysis and tabular analysis. The results of growth rate analysis with respect to area, production and productivity of major fruit crops showed mixed results. The area and production of her, lime, grape, mango and pomegranate showed positive growth whereas in the case of banana, area and production were declining in Bijapur district. Except in grapes and pomegranate, positive growth in productivity could be seen in other fruits. In the state, negative growth was observed only in the case of area under citrus fruits and productivity of pomegranate. The post-harvest losses in grapes at farm level amounted to Rs.3624.63 per farm (Rs.5548.83/ha). The monetary worth of losses suffered by pre-harvest contractor, commission agent-cum-wholesaler and retailer was to the tune of Rs. 14,778.50, Rs.62,534.40 and Rs. 1307.84 respectively. The estimation of post-harvest losses in lime worked out to be Rs.3562 per farm {Rs.4092/ha). The losses suffered by commission agent and retailer were valued at Rs. 1,63,112 and Rs. 1665.96, respectively. The producer's share in consumers' rupee varied from 58.13 per cent to 74.79 per cent in the two channels studied under grape marketing whereas it was 61.12 per cent in the lone channel studied under lime marketing. The opinion survey revealed problems like frequent price fluctuations, lack of cold storage facility, high commission charges etc., which required immediate attention of policy makers.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COCONUT BASED CROPPING SYSTEM IN COASTAL ZONE OF UTTAR KANNADA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-08-07) HEGDE, MANGALA M.; HIIIEMATH, G.K.ThesisItem Open Access FOREST - AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK INTERACTION IN WESTERN GHATS REGION OF KARNATAKA - A NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS STUDY.(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE, 2001-04-16) ROOPA, K.S.; PRAKASH, Dr. T.N.