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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF BLACK GRAM GENOTYPES AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE + BLACK GRAM INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDER MID-HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Shilpa; Singh, Janaradan
    A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2017 to study the effect of black gram genotypes and nitrogen levels on performance of maize + black gram intercropping system at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSKHPKV, Palampur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design comprising of five genotypes (Him mash-1, DKU-118, DKU-82, DKU-98and DKU-99), two nitrogen levels (50 % and 100% recommended dose of nitrogen) and two sole crops (maize and black gram). Experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, low in available nitrogen, and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. Significantly higher absolute growth rate and plant height of maize were recorded in maize + DKU-118 followed by maize + Him mash-1 intercropping system. The highest dry matter accumulation, number of cobs per plant, grain yield, stover yield and biological yield of maize was recorded in maize + Him mash-1intercropping system. Maize + Him mash-1 intercropping system also resulted in significantly higher values of plant height, absolute growth rate, dry matter accumulation, relative growth rate, number of seeds per pod, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield of black gram. The treatment 100 % recommended dose of nitrogen recorded significantly higher values of growth & yield attributes and yields. Maize + Him mash-1+100 % recommended dose of nitrogen significantly resulted in higher maize equivalent yield, land equivalent ratio, productivity, gross returns, net returns, B:C ratio and profitability followed by maize + DKU-99 + 100 % recommended dose of nitrogen. Him mash-1 and DKU-99 were found to be equally good for intercropping with maize under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETICAL STUDIES IN CHERRY TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) CULTIVARS UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Shiksha; Sharma, Parveen
    Fourteen genotypes of cherry tomato were evaluated under modified naturally ventilated polyhouse at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur during autumn winter season, 2017-2018 for marketable yield and its component traits to assess the morphological diversity among the genotypes. Based on the mean performance, genotypes viz. Solan Red Round, IC-383117 and EC-383109 were found superior for marketable fruit yield, number of marketable fruits per plant, number of fruits per cluster, number of nodes per plant and plant height among all the genotypes evaluated. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for almost all the traits studied. High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance were observed for number of fruits per cluster and lycopene content. Hence, it was inferred that there is better scope for improvement of these traits through direct selection. Marketable yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, number of nodes per plant and plant height at both phenotypic and genotypic level. Number of marketable fruits per cluster had the maximum and significant direct contribution towards marketable yield per plant followed by plant height. However, fruit yield per plant was also significantly increased by indirect effects of number fruits per plant, number of nodes per plant and plant height via number of fruits per cluster. As number of fruits per cluster, plant height, number of fruits per plant and number of nodes per plant have high selection index, therefore due emphasis should be given to these characters in selection programme for improvement of cherry tomato to evolve high yielding genotypes from consumers’ perspective.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN BUCKWHEAT USING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Khushbu; Bhardwaj, Neelam
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity analysis in buckwheat using morphological and molecular markers” was undertaken during the kharif 2017 to assess the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and associations among various traits including their direct and indirect effects on seed yield and to identify potential donor parents among the 40 genotypes for their use in future breeding programmes. Data were recorded on seed yield per plant and various morphological traits along with reaction to disease. The analysis was done as per the standard statistical procedures and morphological analysis was done using Mahalanobis D2 statistics and principle component analysis. Molecular analysis was done using NTSYS-pc software and POPGENE software. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for almost all the traits studied. High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance was observed for 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Genotype IC-313149 which was highest yielding genotype was found promising among all the germplasm lines as it also exhibited high number of primary branches per plant, short plant height and 1000-seed weight. Similarity was observed among data for diversity from morphological and molecular analysis. A total of 38 genotypes were found common while comparing molecular clusters and morpho-metric clusters thereby exhibiting the congruence between morphological and SSR data.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN OAT (AVENA SATIVA) USING AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Arora, Arushi; Sood, Vinod Kumar
    The present investigation was undertaken to assess the extent of genetic variability and diversity among different oat genotypes using agro morphological and molecular markers so as to identify promising genotypes for future breeding programme. The experimental material consisting of 57 different genotypes of oat were raised in Randomized Block Design with three replications during the Rabi 2016-2017 and data were recorded on agro morphological, quality traits and reaction to powdery mildew resistance. Genetic diversity among different genotypes was studied on the basis of morphological traits using Mahalanobis D2-statistic, PCA and SSR markers. Mean values for different traits revealed that genotypes JPO-36, JPO-46, JPO-38, JPO-17, JPO-29, JPO-30, JPO-31, JPO-45, EC-528883, Algerian, IG-03-203, EC-528889, EC-528890, EC-528390, JPO-28, OL-822, KRR-AK-36, EC-605834, PLP-14 , KRR-AK-26 and KRR-AK-42 were significantly superior for forage and quality traits and were resistant to powdery mildew. PCV along with GCV were high for tillers per plant, flag leaf area, leaf stem ratio, dry matter yield per plant and crude protein yield per plant. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for tillers per plant, dry matter yield per plant, crude protein yield per plant and seed yield per plant. Dry matter yield per plant, crude protein content, crude protein yield per plant and biological yield per plant were observed as best selection indices for green fodder yield whereas dry matter yield, biological yield per plant and harvest index were observed as best selection indices for seed yield. Based on D2-statistic, all the genotypes were grouped into eight clusters. In contrast, SSR analysis grouped the genotypes into two clusters and further two sub-clusters. Genotypes PLP-16, PLP-1, JPO-50, JPO-31 JPO-28, PLP-17, EC-528897, JPO-38, EC-605831and JPO-29 were found to be more diverse than others.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFICACY OF PYRAZOSULFURON-ETHYL IN CONTROLLING WEEDS IN TRANSPLANTED RICE
    (CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya Palampur, 2018) Rana, Ankit; Rana, M.C.
    The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of CSKHPKV, Palampur during kharif and rabi 2017 to evaluate the new herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl for controlling weeds in transplanted rice. Ten treatments comprised of company released sample of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl at 10, 15, 20 & 30 g/ha, market sample of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl at 10 & 15 g/ha, bispyribac- sodium at 20 & 40 g/ha, hand weeding twice and weedy check were evaluated for weed control, yield and economics. The soil of the experimental field was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction (5.5), medium in available N (242 kg/ha), medium in available P (21 kg/ha) and high in available K (330 kg/ha). Ammannia baccifera and Cyperus difformis were the major weeds constituting 35.6 and 16.6 per cent, respectively of the total weed flora in rice during kharif season. These were followed by Echinochloa colona (14.2%), Cyperus iria (12%) and Echinochloa crusgalli (7.1%). Herbicides have significantly reduced the count and dry weight of weeds. Results revealed that plant height, total number of effective tillers, functional leaves per plant, crop dry matter accumulation, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, grain and straw yield were significantly higher when herbicides were applied. Maximum weed control efficiency was recorded in hand weeding treatment. Abundance of weeds in weedy check lowered the grain yield of rice by 24 per cent over the best treatment. Highest benefit cost ratio was obtained from pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 20 g/ha. Both pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and bispyribac-sodium did not show any phytotoxic effect on transplanted rice and on succeeding wheat.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENE ACTION FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS IN URDBEAN [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09-18) Patial, Ranjana; Mittal, R.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on gene action for seed yield and its related traits in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur to gather information on genetic architecture for seed yield and component traits in urdbean. The experimental material comprised of 81 triple test cross progenies developed by mating 27 lines with three testers viz., HPBU-111 (L1), Him Mash-1(L2) and F1 of HPBU-111and Him Mash-1 (L3). These F1’s along with their parents were raised in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2017. Data were recorded and analysed for 12 agro-morphological traits. Sufficient variability was observed in the TTC progenies for all the traits studied. Epistasis was found to be an integral part of genetic variation for all of the traits under study. ‘i’ type epistatic interaction estimates were significant for days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, branches per plant, pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and 100 seed weight. Whereas, ‘j+l’ type interaction was significant for all the traits. Both additive and dominant components were significant for all the traits; where additive and dominance components were of almost equal magnitude for pod length, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight indicating the importance of both additive and dominance type of gene action and additive component being more pronounced for rest of the traits indicating the relative importance of fixable type of gene action in their inheritance. Combining ability estimates showed significant genetic variance in lines for all traits whereas testers had significant genetic variance for nine traits. Lines IC-436910, IC-413306, IC-IC-398973 and IC-343885 were found to be good general combiners for most of the traits. Crosses IC-343885 x HPBU-111 (G x G), IC-436910 x HPBU-111 (G x G), IC-413306 x Him Mash-1 (G x P) and IC-343943 x HPBU-111(P x G) were potential crosses on the basis of SCA estimates, mid parent heterosis, better parent heterosis and standard heterosis for seed yield and most of the traits. With regards to the Comparison of ТГС and L x T, the former is advantageous in providing an unambiguous test for the presence of epistasis, while the latter provides additional information, particularly with regard to the gca and sca effects and variances, helping breeders in the choice of better parents. Hence, both these designs should be applied together in order to have concrete information about the genetic architecture of economic traits in any crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TREMBAL (FICUS ROXBURGHII) BASED VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-12) Sharma, Meghna; Gupta, Radhna
    In the present investigation, an underutilised fruit of Himachal Pradesh i.e trembal (Ficus roxburghii) was selected to assess the physico-chemical and nutritional composition of trembal and to develop and evaluate the quality of trembal based value added products. Results revealed that mature, ripened trembal was purplish red in colour and the core was filled with red jelly that was sweet in taste as compared to unripened mature fruit. It weighed heavier (35.07gm) had more juice content (84.19%), total soluble solids (8.10 ̊B) and a higher total anthocyanins (16.48mg/100g). Regarding proximate composition as well as mineral composition, there was not much difference in the analysed parameters between the trembals of two maturity stages Three value added products of trembal viz. pickle (using vinegar and galgal juice as acidic medium), preserve (by slow process and fast process) and dried trembal (sun dried and osmotically dried ) were prepared. The selected fruits were taken whole or in halves and were unblanched and blanched. So, a total of four treaments per product i.e. T1 (unblanched and whole), T2 (unblanched and halves), T3 (blanched and whole) and T4 (blanched and halves) were prepared and evaluated for chemical and nutritional composition as well as for their organoleptic quality at different storage intervals i.e. 0, 60, 90 and 120 days. Storage had an inverse relationship with the analysed parameters. pH, TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS and ascorbic acid decreased with storage period in all the prepared value-added products. Pickle prepared using galgal juice as acidic medium was more acceptable than pickle prepared using vinegar. Preserve prepared by slow method scored maximum points for its acceptance and therefore was preferred over preserve prepared by fast method. Osmotically dried trembal was more liked over sun-dried trembal. Among different treatments prepared, T4 (blanched halves) had better chemical composition and scored highest for its acceptability for all the value added products viz. pickle, preserve and dried trembal.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIALOF ORGANICALLY GROWN PADDY-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-12-18) Meghna; Punam
    A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2016 and Rabi 2016-17 at Holta, Organic Farm of Department of Organic Agriculture & Natural Farming, CSKHPKV, Palampur to study the carbon sequestration potential of organically grown paddy-wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments comprising of combinations of four nutrient management practices i.e. organic nutrient management [(Vermicompost (VC) 10t/ha + Jeevamrit (3 drenchings: one before sowing and two after sowing at one month interval)], inorganic nutrient management (recommended NPK), integrated nutrient management (50% VC and 50% recommended NPK) and farmer’s practice (25%VC + 25% recommended NPK) with two conditions i.e. rainfed and irrigated. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with conditions in main plot and nutrient management in sub plot using three replications. Results revealed that growth, grain and straw yield of paddy and wheat, organic carbon sequestered in plant parts, soil moisture, microbial biomass carbon and soil organic carbon were increased with irrigated condition and nutrient management practices. Irrigated condition significantly increased the grain and straw yield of both paddy and wheat over rainfed condition by 32.9 and 41.41 per cent respectively. Among nutrient management treatments, organic nutrient management practice produced 55.41 and 48.1 per cent higher grain yield than inorganic nutrient treatmentin paddy and wheat crops respectively. Under irrigated condition, paddy-wheat cropping system produced significantly highest biomass and sequestered highest carbon. Organic nutrient management resulted in 51.3 and 51.7 per cent higher biomass and sequestered carbon respectively in comparison to inorganic treatment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access