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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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2020 - 20216
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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Continuous rate intravenous infusion of propofol in dogs
    (palampur, 2020-11-13) Naryal, Sukti; Kumar, Amit
    The study was conducted for the clinical evaluation of propofol CRI and comparing it to isoflurane anaesthesia on 30 client owned dogs divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each, presented for various surgical procedures. Animals of all the three groups were subjected to a common drug regime till induction of anaesthesia i.e., administration of Inj. Butorphanol tartrate @ 0.2 mg/kg b.wt. I/M initially which was followed by Inj. Atropine sulphate @ 0.02-0.04 mg/kg b.wt. S/C after 30 minutes. The animals were further premedicated with Inj. Diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. I/V and general anaesthesia in all the animals was induced by Inj. Propofol "to effect" I/V. Then further, following induction of general anaesthesia animals were either maintained with propofol CRI with using syringe pump (group A, n=10) or propofol CRI with using pediatric drip set (group B, n=10) or with isoflurane (group C, n=10). All the animals received 100 per cent oxygen throughout the procedure. Parameters under investigation included analog-clinical observations, cardiovascular parameters, pulmonary parameters, response to anaesthesia intra-operatively, haemato biochemistry, electrolytes and drug dosage at various time intervals and recovery parameters. Mean ± SE induction dose of propofol was 3.468 ± 0.125 mg/kg I/V in all (n=30) animals. Smooth induction and transfer with complete muscle relaxation and analgesia was achieved in all the animals. Progressive hypothermia was observed in all the groups which improved during the recovery phase with most pronounced values in group C animals. ECG conduction and duration findings were majorly within normal physiological limits with no significant changes. Significant increase in heart rate was seen in immediate post induction period in all the three groups which remained on the higher range when compared with the baseline values. Depression in mean blood pressure was observed in all the three groups after induction. The CVP values was lower with propofol CRI when compared to isoflurane but remained within normal physiological range in all the groups. SpO2 and EtCO2 values remained within acceptable range throughout the procedure in all the groups. Significant respiratory depression was seen in group A and B with transient apnea in 2 animals. Significant fall in the values of Hb, PCV and TLC was observed in group B. Biochemical parameters and electrolytes remained within physiological ranges in all the groups. The dose of propofol CRI was 0.38 mg/kg/min and 0.44 mg/kg/minute with syringe pump and pediatric drip set, respectively. Recovery period was longer in animals maintained with propofol than in animals maintained with isoflurane. Intra-operative and post-operative muscle dystonia, paddling and opisthotonus was seen in animals of group A and B. One animal showed persistent palpebral reflex throughout the procedure, one haemolysis in plasma sample intra operatively and one horizontal nystagmus post-operatively, without resulting in any clinical consequence. Post operative vocalization was a most common finding in animals of group C. The propofol CRI protocols used in the study were found safe and comparable with isoflurane anaesthesia and recommended for different types of surgeries limiting for 60 minutes in canine species
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ultrasound guided nerve block anesthesia in animals
    (Palampur, 2021-10-14) Sharma, Pranjal; Kumar, Adarsh
    The aim of the study was to recognize the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the brachial plexus, sciatic and femoral nerves and perform the ultrasound-guided blockade of these nerves under monitoring by the electrical nerve stimulator. Sixteen calves/cattle and twenty canine patients presented for the various minor and major surgical procedure were selected for the study. Lignocaine 2% was used as an anesthetic agent and was infiltrated around the nerve of interest with the help of the echogenic needle. The spread of the local anesthetic was visualized in real time with the help of USG guidance. An electrical nerve stimulator was employed for the confirmation of the accurate needle position in relation to the nerve. Ultrasonographically, the brachial plexus of dogs and cattle appeared as a hyperechoic entity containing multiple hypoechoic structures of nerve trunks exiting from the plexus. The brachial plexus was easily identified and the axillary artery and vein served as useful landmarks for its identification. The blockade of the plexus provided analgesia distal to the elbow joint in all the patients. The sciatic nerve block was performed in conjunction with the femoral nerve block. Ultrasonographically, the sciatic and femoral nerve had a central hypoechoic to anechoic lumen surrounded by the hyperechoic connective tissue. Ultrasonographic identification of the femoral nerve was difficult in both cattle and dogs as the nerve does not lend readily to ultrasound visualization, primarily because of depth or connective tissue interference with ultrasound transmission. Ultrasoundguided nerve block anesthesia of the sciatic and femoral nerve helped in performing surgeries distal to the stifle joint, thus circumvent the need for any additional anesthesia.The effective application of ultrasonography reveals two-dimensional anatomy, optimal imaging of the nerves and anatomical structures, accurate real-time needle guidance, and precise local anesthetic delivery ensuring successful nerve block with improved patient safety. Use of a nerve stimulator during ultrasound-guided nerve block yields clinically relevant safety information pertaining to proximity of the nerve, optimal delivery and minimization of volume of local anesthetic to produce the nerve blocks. The inplane technique of needle insertion, hydrolocation and hydrodissection facilitated the identification of d
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinical appraisal of condylar and supracondylar fracture management in dogs
    (Palampur, 2021-11-30) Zargar, Mohammad Iliyas; Tyagi, S.P.
    The present study was done to standardize the fracture fixation techniques, diagnose and manage, and record the regional occurrence of condylar and supracondylar fractures in dogs. Standardization was done on 20 cadaveric humerus and femoral bones. The fracture fixation techniques standardized included Rush and cross pinning, transcondylar lag screw, and anti-rotational pinning and bone plating. Also, femoral supracondylar bone plates were developed for fixation of supracondylar femoral fractures in dogs. The most suitable angles of insertion for Rush pinning was determined to be 20-350 and for cross pinning to be 30- 400 to the long axis of femoral bone. Transcondylar lag screw and anti-rotational pinning was found to provide good reduction and fixation of unicondylar humeral fractures. Reconstruction bone plates can be contoured to repair artificially created unicondylar and bicondylar humeral fractures and provided good reduction and fixation. Femoral supracondylar bone plates provided good fracture reduction and fixation without any need to contour the bone plate and also allowed for insertion of greater number of screws in the distal fracture fragment in osteotomized bones. A total of 18 condylar and supracondylar fractures of humerus and femur in dogs were presented. Of the 8 cases of humerus fractures, 5 were bicondylar, 2 were unicondylar and 1 supracondylar fracture. They were treated with transcondylar lag screw and anti-rotational pinning, bone plating and IM pinning/K-wires. 3 out of eight cases showed good outcome while the rest of the cases showed poor outcome. Complications seen included implant migration, screw loosening, and postoperative joint osteoarthritis. The humerus bicondylar fractures were technically most difficult fractures to treat. Of the 10 cases of femoral supracondylar fractures, Rush pinning was done in 7 cases, Rush pinning and Cross pinning was done in 1 case while bone plating and IM pinning was done in 1 case each. Out of 10 dogs, 7 dogs showed uneventful recovery with good to excellent outcome. Complications were seen in 2 cases, which included implant migration and quadriceps contracture while one dog died due to post anaesthetic complications. The overall incidence of condylar and supracondylar fractures in dogs was calculated to be 1.09 per cent. Such fractures form 50% of all humerus and 17% of the femoral fractures in dogs. Most of these fractures occurred in young dogs. The major cause of condylar and supracondylar fractures in humerus of dogs was fall from height and in femur, the automobile accidents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN DOGS
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-10-30) CHAWLA, HIMANSHU; Katoch, Ajay
    The present investigation was aimed to study the diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in dogs. The study was conducted on 2063 dogs presented to the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Palampur. On the basis of history and clinical signs, haematological examination, biochemical analysis, urine examination, radiographic and ultrasonographic studies, 188 cases suffering from urinary tract infection were included in the study representing an incidence of 9.1%. Amongst 188 dogs, 20 dogs were affected with Acute renal failure (ARF), 80 dogs with Chronic renal failure (CRF), 50 dogs with Cystitis and 38 dogs with Urolithiasis. Incidence of urinary tract infection was highest in 5-8 year age group (31.91%). The incidence of renal failure and urolithiasis was highest in >8years age group whereas the incidence of cystitis was highest in 5-8 year age group. Labradors, Pomeranian and Non-descript were the most common affected breeds. The most common clinical signs observed in renal failure dogs were anorexia, dullness and depression, dehydration, paleness of mucous membranes, vomiting, dental tartar, melena and hematuria whereas hematuria, dribbling of urine, stranguria and pollakiuria were commonly observed in dogs suffering from cystitis and urolithiasis. Leucocytosis was observed in all the groups whereas thrombocytopenia was observed only in renal failure dogs. Dogs suffering from CRF had decreased TEC, Hb (10.50 ± 0.42 g/dl) and PCV (30.54 ± 1.21%). There was significant increase in BUN (141.44 ± 16.28 mg/dl) and Creatinine (8.67 ± 1.06 mg/dl) levels in ARF dogs whereas corresponding levels in CRF dogs were 180.29 ± 13.63 mg/dl and 8.16 ± 0.56 mg/dl respectively which in addition also showed hyperphosphatemia (8.54 ± 0.62 mg/dl). BUN (84.46 ± 11.01 mg/dl) and Creatinine (2.27 ± 0.35 mg/dl) were also significantly increased in Urolithiasis with no significant change in Cystitis. Significant decreased levels in Sodium (136.8 ± 1.89 mmol/L) and Chloride (99.76 ± 2.12 mmol/L) were observed in ARF dogs while only significant decrease in Sodium (140.1 ± 0.94 mmol/L) was observed in CRF dogs. Blood gas and acid base status revealed significant decrease in HCO3 in chronic renal failure dogs indicating metabolic acidosis. Urinalysis revealed significant decrease in urine pH in dogs suffering from Cystitis and Urolithiasis whereas significant decrease in urine specific gravity was observed in dogs suffering from Chronic renal failure and Cystitis. UPC ratio was highest in dogs suffering from Urolithiasis (4.84 ± 2.51) followed by Cystitis and Renal Failure. uALP : uCreat ratio (28.66 ± 22.84) and uGGT : uCreat ratio (28.72 ± 25.83) was higher in ARF dogs indicating significance of biomarkers in detection of acute damage to the kidneys. The highest sensitivity of Marbofloxacin (91.53%) was observed on antibiogram followed by Doxycycline (58.46%) and Nitrofurantoin (55.38%). E.coli (20.12%) was the most commonly isolated bacteria followed by Staphylococcus aureus (14.46%), Proteus spp.(11.94%) and Pseudomonas spp. (8.80%). Cystoliths, nephroliths, urethroliths, ascites, increased echogenicity, merging densities of cortex and medulla, end stage renal disease, hydronephrosis, pyelectasia, cystitis and prostate enlargement were diagnosed through radiography and ultrasonography. Ehrlichiosis induced Chronic kidney disease was detected in 10 cases signifying the importance of haemoprotozoan infection in causing renal disease. Conventional treatment along with fluid therapy, antibiotics, supportive as well as specific treatment based on cultural sensitivity tests and surgical intervention resulted in 70% (14/20) recovery in Acute renal failure, 60% (48/80) in Chronic renal failure, 100% (50/50) in Cystitis and 94% (36/38) in Urolithiasis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON BOVINE MASTITIS
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-11-04) BHARDWAJ, KANIKA; Sharma, Pardeep