Thumbnail Image

Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

Browse

20143
Reset filters
Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2014 × Type: Thesis ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF LANTANA CAMARA ON EXPERIMENTAL SALMONELLOSIS IN JAPANESE QUAIL
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2014-07-19) Tribhuvna; Asrani, R.K.
    The present study was planned with a view to observe the effects of methanolic extract of leaves of Lantana camara on growth, mortality, clinical signs, biochemical, pathological and ultrastructural changes in Japanese quail against salmonellosis. Four hundred day old Japanese quail were randomly divided into four groups and fed chick mash alone (group CX), plain chick mash with methanolic Lantana leaf extract at the rate of 4gm lts-1 of drinking water (group LX), birds challenged with S. Gallinarum (2x103 cfu ml-1) orally (group SX) and birds challenged with S. Gallinarum (2x103 cfu ml-1) orally and kept on methanolic Lantana extract (group LS). Extract water was given for 10 DPI. Results of present study showed that Salmonella infected groups exhibited clinical signs of greenish diarrhoea, anorexia, drooping of wings, ruffling of feathers, laboured and shallow breathing, huddling, restricted movement, partial closure of eyes, dullness and depression. Higher values of ALT, serum cholesterol, creatinine and total protein and lower albumin values were observed in the infected groups as compared to the control birds, however in the combination group the values were less as compared the group SX. Grossly, in the group SX hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, congestion, bronze discolouration of liver and necrosis on liver and spleen was mainly observed. However, in the combination group the gross lesions were lower as compared to group LS up to 10 DPI, but increased significantly afterwards when extract water was stopped. Microscopically, the liver of group SX revealed necrosis, increased cytoplasmic granularity, vacoular changes, leukocytic infiltration and hepatocellular and bile duct hyperplasia. Similarly in this group spleen showed necrosis, reticuloendothelial hyperplasia, heterophilic infiltration and lymphoid depletion. But the changes in the liver and spleen were less severe in the combination group. Ultrastructural changes in the group LX revealed relatively dense population of mitochondria along with abundant glycogen particles with no significant nuclear changes, but proliferation of peroxisomes was evident as compared to control. The ultrastructural changes in plain Salmonella infected group birds revealed remarkable changes in mitochondria with pleomorphism and loss of cristae, dilatation and vesiculation in the Endoplasmic reticulum, chromatin margination, dilatation of bile duct and increase in lysosomal activity and phagocytosis. However, the response in the combination group was found to be better as compared to the Salmonella alone group, which included dense population of mitochondria with no pleomorphism or loss of cristae and abundant glycogen particles and increased number of peroxisomes. These changes indicate that there was some level of hepatoprotection of the methanolic leaf extract of Lantana camara against experimental salmonellosis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON PATHOLOGY OF TERMINAL ILEUM IN GOATS WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON PARATUBERCULOSIS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2014-07-19) Thakur, Monika; Gupta, V.K.
    The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of paratuberculosis in goats (Gaddi and non-descript) reared in Himachal Pradesh and slaughtered for table purpose, using different diagnostics such as histopathology, ZN staining, ELISA and AGID. A total of 68 goats (57 females and 11 males) slaughtered during September, 2013 to March, 2014 were investigated. Forty six out of 68 samples were collected from slaughter places in and around the Palampur and 22 from Shimla. The status of Johne’s disease in goats was investigated using gross and histopathological examination, ZN staining of cytology and tissue sections, and serological detection of MAP by ELISA and AGID. The tissue samples collected from terminal ileum and associated ileo-caecal and mesenteric lymph nodes were investigated. The serum samples collected from the same animal were subjected to detect the presence of antibodies to MAP by ELISA and AGID. The gross lesions were mainly observed in the terminal ileum especially near ileo-caecal junction. The most significant gross findings were mild to moderate, focal or diffuse thickening of terminal ileum especially at ileo-caecal junction, with or without corrugations. In most of the animals with gross lesions, ileo-caecal valves were consistently thickened. The ileo-caecal and mesenteric lymph nodes were severely enlarged and were found to be oedematous. Cut surfaces of lymph nodes revealed grayish white patchy areas in the cortex and its delineation from the medullary region was usually indistinct. In most of the cases, mesenteric lymph nodes were fused to give knotted appearance. Histopathological examination of tissue sections (terminal ileum and associated lymph nodes) revealed variable grade of lesions indistinguishable from paratuberculosis in 39 (57.35%) out of 68 goats. Histologic lesions were classified into four grades grade I (least severe) to IV (most severe) on the basis of types and density of cellular infiltrate (lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelioid cells). Out of 68 animals, 9 (13.2%), 17 (25.0%), 9 (13.2%) and 4 (5.8%) were showing lesions of grade I, II, III and IV, respectively. In general, the lesions were characterized on the basis of infiltration of mononuclear cells consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelioid cells in the lamina propria and submucosa of intestine and cortex, paracortex and medulla of lymph node.The affected part of the intestine revealed degeneration of lining epithelial cells of villi. The villi exhibited variable changes including its distortion, thickening and fusion. On ZN staining of impression smears, 14 (20.58%), 12 (17.64%) and 9 (13.23%) out of 68 cases of ileum, ICLN and MLN respectively, revealed presence of acid-fast bacilli individually or in clusters indistinguishable from MAP. On ZN staining of tissue sections, 9 (13.23%), 10 (14.7%) and 5 (7.35%) out of 68 cases of ileum, ileocaecal and mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively, revealed presence of acid-fast bacilli individually or in clusters in the epithelioid cells indistinguishable from MAP. Total 14 (20.58%) cases, out of 68 were found positive on ZN staining of tissue sections and out of these one was multibacillary (7.14%) and rest 13 (92.8%) were of paucibacillary type. Out of 9 grade-I cases, 6 (66.6%) and 5 (56.0%) were diagnosed positive by ELISA and AGID, respectively and none by cytology and ZN staining of tissue sections. Out of 17 grade-II cases, 5 (29.41%), 4 (23.52%), 10 (58.8%) and 9 (52.94%) were found positive by cytology, ZN staining of tissue sections, ELISA and AGID respectively. Out of 9 grade-III cases, 8 (88.8%), 6 (66.6%), 9 (100%) and 7 (77.7%) were diagnosed positive by cytology, ZN staining of tissue sections, ELISA and AGID, respectively. All grade-IV cases (4) were found positive in ZN staining of cytology, tissue sections as well as on ELISA, however, AGID detected 3 out of 4 animals positive for grade IV lesions. Thus histopathology could detect more number of cases in early stage of disease, while other tests (ZN staining, ELISA and AGID) detected more cases in later stages.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON PATHOLOGY OF TERMINAL ILEUM IN SHEEP WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON PARATUBERCULOSIS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2014-07-19) Maity, Madhulina; Gupta, Vipin K.
    The present research work was planned to study the pathology of terminal ileum and associated lymph nodes in sheep with particular emphasis on paratuberculosis and to detect the antibody against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) using suitable serological method(s). Out of the 45 sheep samples collected, 39 were used to study paratuberculosis as the remaining six samples showed incidental lesions in lymph nodes. On gross examination, the lesions were scored from mild to moderate on the basis of thickening and corrugation in terminal ileum and enlargement and presence of greyish-white patches on cut surface of lymph nodes (LNs). A total of 34 (87.18%), 3 (7.70%) and 1 (2.56%) samples were found to be showing lesions suggestive of paratuberculosis and scored as mild, moderate and severe, respectively. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained tissue impression smears made from ileo-caecal lymph node (ICLN), mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and terminal ileum, demonstrated acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in nine (23.08%) cases. On histological examination, the tissue samples were graded from 0 to IV on the basis of type and amount of the cellular infiltrates (macrophages and epitheloid cells) and the nature and extent of granulomatous reaction. The only (2.56%) Grade I case revealed infiltration of a few macrophages and epitheloid cells with formation of focally distinct microgranuloma in the lamina propria of the villi as well as in the LNs. Twenty-one (53.84%) cases with Grade II lesion characterized by moderate infiltration of macrophages and epitheloid cells in the lamina propria of the villi as well as in the LNs were observed. Thirteen (33.33%) Grade III cases showed granulomatous enteritis composed of groups of macrophages and epitheloid cells distributed in a diffuse manner throughout the ileal mucosa and lymph nodes. Grade IV cases revealed the same lesions as described in Grade III but with presence of giant cell(s). The focal areas of caseous necrosis, with or without mineralization, were observed in one (Grade II), four (Grade III), three (Grade IV) sheep. Only one case of Grade III showed AFB on ZN stained ileum and ICLN tissue sections (paucibacillary type). A varying degree of fibrosis in lymph node sections (ICLN & MLN) from majority of the cases suggesting replacement of granulomatous reaction was observed as unique finding. ELISA revealed a total of twenty cases (51.28%) positive, while none of the case was detected by AGID. In conclusion, histopathological examination was found to be the most effective method for detection of JD in sheep.