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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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Subject: Veterinary Microbiology × Author: Barsain, Shivani × Start date: 2007 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus of animal origin
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-01-24) Barsain, Shivani; Verma, Subhash
    Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals causing both acute and chronic infections. Several virulence-related factors have been described in S. aureus with multiple roles in attachment, multiplication, invasion, and evasion of host immune responses. The disease outcome therefore, does not merely depend on the host’s immune status but also on S. aureus phenotypic and genotypic virulence-associated factors. Several strains of S. aureus are being recovered from livestock suffering from various diseases; however, their true virulence potential and antibiotic resistance status never become known. This poses a huge challenge to veterinarians, owners and, the livestock industry because of losses associated with such isolates, their transmission and subsequent animal and human infections. Under this study, a total of 50 isolates of livestock origin were genotypically and phenotypically characterized. All isolates were nuc and catalase positive. Most of the isolates exhibited coagulase, biofilms, and hemolysins production. The mecA was detected in 38% of isolates; lukpv in 76%, tsst in 2%, sdrD in 80%, sdrE in 58%, clfA in 78%, cna in 34%, CC398 in 56% isolates. No isolate was positive for sea, scn, sak, vanA and icaA. The S. aureus were tested for their susceptibility to cloxacillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, neomycin, tobramycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, enrofloxacin and levofloxacin. Only 12% isolates were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics; whereas 78% were resistant to one or more antibiotics. The isolates revealed 100% susceptibility to levofloxacin and enrofloxacin followed by vancomycin (98%), cephalexin (96%), erythromycin (94%), doxycycline (94%), neomycin (94%), tobramycin (84%), cloxacillin (70%), amoxicillin (46%). Amoxicillin was the least effective drug. About 16% isolates also exhibited MDR involving amoxicillin, erythromycin, doxycycline, tobramycin and cephalexin. A MAR index > 0.2 was recorded in 26% of isolates. Out of 50 isolates, 30% belonged to the highly virulent class, 54 % to the medium and 16% to low virulent class, respectively. This study confirmed that these isolates were livestock adapted and majority of them belonged to a single lineage comprising of CC398 cluster. In vivo pathogenic potential of isolates will allow S. aureus better classification enabling epidemiological tools in the hands of researchers and clinicians for better outcomes.