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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Geneaction And Heterosis Studies Involving Gynoecious Lines In Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)(Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya : Plampur, 2010) Sharma,Madhu.; Singh,Yudhvir.ThesisItem Open Access LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS FOR HYBRID PERFORMANCE, HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishavavidyalaya, Palampur, 2011) KAPUR, POOJA; VidyasagarBacterial wilt resistant determinate lines (7) and indeterminate testers (4) alongwith 28 hybrids developed as per line x tester mating design were evaluated alongwith standard check Avtar (7711) in Randomized Block Design with three replications at the Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur during summer-rainy season of 2009 and 2010. Observations were recorded on incidence of bacterial wilt disease, fruit yield and component traits. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among treatments for marketable yield and other component traits in all the environments. The hybrid L4 x T3 (BWR-5 x 16-B) surpassed all the hybrids and the standard check in all the environments and recorded 2.21 kg marketable fruit yield per plant in comparison to 1.04 kg per plant in the standard check Avtar (7711). Line x tester analysis revealed significant differences due to lines, testers, line x tester interactions. Interactions of lines, testers and line x tester with environment exhibited significant differences for most of the traits indicating the importance of testing parents as well as hybrids across environments. Non-additive gene action was higher for the traits days to 50 per cent flowering, marketable yield per plant, pericarp thickness, plant height and harvest duration which reaffirm the importance of hybrids in tomato. Additive gene action was higher for the traits days to first harvest, gross yield per plant, fruit weight, fruit shape index, locules per fruit and TSS, which could be exploited by developing superior pure lines/inbreds through hybridization and biparental matings. The lines 7-2 (L7) and BWR-5 (L4) and the testers 16-B (T3) and CLN 1314G (T4) proved to be the most potential parents whereas L4 x T3 (BWR-5 x 16-B) as the most promising hybrid combination.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS THROUGH BIO-INOCULANTS AND ORGANIC MANURES IN SPROUTING BROCCOLI – BRINJAL CROPPING SEQUENCE UNDER MID - HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishavavidyalaya, Palampur, 2010) KUMARI, NISHA; Pathania, N.K.The studies entitled “Integrated management of nitrogen and phosphorous through bio-inoculants and organic manures in sprouting broccoli – brinjal cropping sequence under mid - hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh” were conducted at the experimental farm of Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur (HP) with the objectives to study the effect of organic manures, bio-inoculants and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality parameters, to study the response of various sources of organic and inorganic fertilizers on uptake of nutrients and to work out economics of different treatments. The fifteen treatments comprising of three levels of each nitrogen and phosphorous (50%, 75% and 100%),three bio-inoculants (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria) and two organic manures (farmyard manure and vermicompost) were laid out in RBD with three replications during Sep,06 to Sep,2008. The response of different integrated nutrient management treatments in sprouting broccoli variety Palam Samridhi revealed significant variation with respect to various parameters studied. Maximum values for days to first harvest (94.5), plant height (49.6cm), plant spread (2809.1cm2), number of leaves per plant (17.2), terminal head weight (175.5g), number of spears per plant (8.6), spear yield per plant (108.1g), harvest index (27.5%), marketable yield per plant (287.5g), marketable yield per hectare (106.4q), vitamin C (98.6 mg/100g), dry matter (13.9%), gross returns (Rs 1,59,600/ha), net returns (Rs 1,00,507/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.70) were recorded in treatment T14 (100% NPK + FYM + Azospirillum) followed by treatment T13 (100% NPK + FYM + Azotobacter). The maximum uptake of nitrogen (134.0 kg/ha), phosphorous (24.81 kg/ha) and potassium (124.95 kg/ha) were observed in treatment T14 (100% NPK + FYM + Azospirillum), T15 (100% NPK + FYM+ PSB) and T13 (100% NPK + FYM + Azotobacter), respectively. The response of different integrated nutrient management treatments in brinjal variety Arka Keshav also revealed significant variation for the various traits except days to first picking. The minimum days to 50% flowering (53.1) and maximum values for number of branches per plant (8.5), plant height (87.7cm), fruit length (22.4cm), fruit girth (9.6cm), total number of fruits per plant (27.2), average fruit weight (38.1g), number of marketable fruits per plant (15.5), marketable yield per plant (440.6g), marketable yield per hectare (163.2q), vitamin C (17.9mg/100g), dry matter(8.5%), gross returns (Rs 1,30,560/ha), net returns (Rs 69,620/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.14) were obtained in treatment T14 (100% NPK + FYM + Azospirillum) followed by treatment T13 (100% NPK + FYM + Azotobacter) . Total uptake of nitrogen (85.34kg/ha) and potassium (80.96 kg/ha) was the highest in T14 (100% NPK +FYM + Azospirillum) whereas, treatment T15 (100% NPK + FYM + PSB) recorded highest total phosphorus uptake (22.43kg/ha).The highest values with respect to N, P and K over the pooled years were 323.2 (T13), 21.0 (T15) and 249.0 kg/ha (T13), respectively, which resulted in build up of 31.3 kg/ha N, 7.05kg/ha P and 28.0kg/ha K over the initial status of the soil. The studies revealed that 100% NPK (125:75:50 in sprouting broccoli and 100:50:50kg/ha in brinjal) + farmyard manure (20t/ha) + Azospirillum (seedling dip) were found best for obtaining higher values w.r.t. growth, yield, quality parameters, nutrient uptake and available nutrients (NPK kg/ha) in sprouting broccoli and brinjal. This treatment resulted in higher yield of 16.3 and 7.2 per cent and benefit cost ratio of 2.70 and 2.14 over recommended practice in sprouting broccoli and brinjal, respectively. The application of 100%NPK (125:75:50 in sprouting broccoli and 100:50:50kg/ha in brinjal)+farmyard (20t/ha) manure+ Azotobacter (seedling dip) was observed next best treatment. Based on two years studies, it can be concluded that application of 125:75:50kg NPK/ha+20 tonnes farmyard manure+Azospirillum (seedling dip) in sprouting broccoli and 100:50:50kg NPK/ha+20 tonnes farmyard manure + Azospirillum (seedling dip) in brinjal resulted in highest yield, better quality produce, highest net returns as well as benefit cost ratio in mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. _____________ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND GENE ACTION STUDIES FOR FRUIT YIELD AND HORTICULTURAL TRAITS IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.)(CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishavavidyalaya, Palampur, 2012) SHARMA, MUNISH; Sharma, AkhileshThe present investigation entitled ―Heterosis and gene action studies for fruit yield and horticultural traits in chilli (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.)‖ was carried out at the Experimental Farms of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur and Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, CSKHPKV, Bajaura, Kullu to gather information on combining ability, gene action and magnitude of heterosis by following ‗line × tester‘ mating design involving 11 lines and three diverse testers. Lines, testers their 33 cross combinations, along with standard check ‗CH-1‘, were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during summer-rainy seasons of 2010 and 2011. Data were recorded on fresh and dry fruit yield/plant along with component traits and reaction to bacterial wilt disease. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for all phonological, morphological, yield and yield contributing, and quality traits during both the years over the environments. Significant genotype × environment interactions for all the characters indicated a definite role of environment on the performance of genotypes/crosses. The line × tester analysis revealed significant differences due to lines, testers and line × tester interaction for majority of the traits at both the locations and pooled over environments indicating appreciable diversity in the experimental material. Lines ‗Jawahar Mirch 283‘, ‗PAU Selection Long‘, LCA 436‘ and ‗LCA 443‘, and tester ‗Surajmukhi‘ were observed to be good general combiners for fresh and dry fruit yield/plant along with related traits. Thus desirable cross combinations involving both or one of these as parents resulted in significant desirable SCA effects and heterosis. ‗PAU Selection Long × Surajmukhi‘, ‗LCA 436 × Pant C1‘, ‗Chilli Sonal × Surajmukhi‘, ‗Jawahar Mirch 283 × Anugraha‘ and ‗Pusa Sadabahar × Surajmukhi‘ were the most promising crosses on the basis of SCA effects for yield and its related traits. The magnitude of non-additive gene action was predominant for majority of the traits with maximum contribution of lines in the expression of gene action. A wide variation in magnitude and direction of heterosis was noticed for majority of the traits with maximum manifestation for fruits/plant, fresh and dry fruit yield/plant. Hybrids ‗Jawahar Mirch 283 × Anugraha‘, ‗PAU Selection long × Surajmukhi‘, ‗Arka Lohit × Surajmukhi‘, ‗LCA 436 × Pant C 1‘, ‗LCA 436 × Anugraha‘ and ‗LCA 443 × Surajmukhi‘ were the most promising crosses with significant heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for yield and yield related traits and showed maximum consistency by retaining their ranking among top ten crosses over the environments. Based on per se performance, SCA effects and heterosis, ‗LCA 436 × Pant C 1‘, ‗Arka Lohit × Surajmukhi‘, ‗‗PAU Selection Long × Surajmukhi‘ and ‗Jawahar Mirch 283 × Anugraha‘ were the most promising crosses for obtaining superior progenies. Breeding methods namely, single seed descent, reciprocal recurrent selection, bulk pedigree and diallel selective mating system can be employed to obtain transgressive segregants with high yield and desirable horticultural traits in chilli.ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR YIELD AND HORTICULTURAL TRAITS IN BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.) UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT(CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishavavidyalaya, Palampur, 2011) DEVI, MAYANGLAMBAM BILASHINI; Pathania, N.K.The present investigation entiled “Heterosis and combining ability studies for yield and horticultural traits in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.) under protected environment” was carried out in 25×10 m modified naturally ventilated polyhouse during summerautumn, 2012 and 2013 in Randomized Block Design having three replications to ascertain the quantum of genetic variability available in the bell pepper genotypes, gather information regarding the type of gene action and identify potential parental lines and cross combinations for protected environment on the basis of combining ability and magnitude of heterosis for different traits, viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first harvest, number of marketable fruits per plant, pericarp thickness (mm), lobes per fruit, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), average fruit weight (g), marketable fruit yield per plant (kg), plant height (cm), harvest duration (days), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g) and capsaicin content (%). High estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for number of marketable fruits per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant, ascorbic acid content and capsaicin content indicating the presence of substantial variability for the traits and thereby ensuring ample scope for improvement of these traits through phenotypic selection. The high estimates of heritability coupled with high estimates of genetic advance (as per cent of mean) were observed for marketable fruit yield per plant, number of marketable fruits per plant and ascorbic acid content, which indicated the importance of additive gene action for the inheritance of these traits. On the basis of hybrid vigour, the cross combinations viz., Kashmir Sel-1 (L2) × Solan Bharpur (T1), ARCH-19 (L1) × Solan Bharpur (T1) and UHFSP(Y)-11 (L11) × Yolo Wonder (T3) were observed to be potential crosses exhibiting highly significant standard heterosis for marketable fruit yield per plant and most of its component traits. The cross combinations viz., ARCH-19 (L1) × Solan Bharpur (T1), DARL-10 (L9) × California Wonder (T2) and UHFSP(Y)-11 (L11) × Yolo Wonder (T3) were the top three crosses which exhibited good specific combining ability effects, maximum desirable heterosis and per se performance in respect of marketable fruit yield per plant and number of marketable fruits per plant and can be further exploited for genetic improvement of bell pepper. For all the traits studied, there was preponderance of non-additive gene action which reaffirms the importance of hybrids in bell pepper.ThesisItem Open Access GENE ACTION AND HETEROSIS STUDIES INVOLVING GYNOECIOUS LINES IN CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.)(CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishavavidyalaya, Palampur, 2010) SHARMA, MADHU; Singh, YudhvirGene action and heterosis studies involving gynoecious lines in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)‖ was carried out at the Experimental Farms of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur and Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Bajaura, Kullu during Kharif, 2009 to get information on gene action as inferred from the combining ability analysis and magnitude of heterosis for different traits viz., days to first female flower appearance, nodal position of first female flower, days taken to first picking, fruit length, fruit girth, average fruit weight, marketable fruits per vine, marketable yield per vine, harvest duration, number of primary branches, vine length, total soluble solids, incidence of fruit fly and powdery mildew, following line x tester mating design and analysis. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for marketable yield per vine and all other component traits studied at Palampur and Bajaura. Genotypes x Environment mean squares were found to be significant for all the traits. The line x tester analysis revealed significant differences due to lines, testers and line x tester interaction at both the locations for most of the traits, when tested against error mean squares, indicating appreciable diversity in the experimental material. Estimates of general combining ability effects, necessitates inclusion of lines G-3, G-1, Plp-Gy-1 and EC-5082 and the testers K-pap, Sel-75-2-10, K-90 and KL-1 for making crosses which was corrobated by the superiority of their cross combinations. The estimates of GCA and SCA variances, additive (2A) and non-additive (2D) components of variance and per cent contribution of lines, testers and line x tester interactions pointed out that for marketable yield per vine and majority of the important component traits, non-additive gene action was in preponderance or in appreciable magnitude suggesting the exploitation of hybrid vigour in cucumber. There was wide variation in magnitude and direction of heterosis for all characters. Marketable yield per vine, marketable fruits per vine and average fruit weight were the most heterotic characters. Appreciable heterosis over better parent and standard checks was observed for almost all the traits. For marketable yield per vine 51 cross combinations at Palampur, 43 at Bajaura and 50 in pooled environment showed hybrid vigour over better parent. Over SC1 and SC2, 16 and 42, 35 and 43, 42 and 41 crosses revealed positive heterosis at Palampur, Bajaura and in pooled environments. The hybrid vigour was mainly on account of increased, fruit number, weight and size. Based on hybrid vigour, vis-à-vis their mean performance and from consumer view point, the combination Plp-Gy-1 x K-pap, Plp-Gy-1 x K-90, G-1 x Summer Green, G-1 x K-pap and G-3 x Sel-75-2-10 were the most promising one.