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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access :Effect of irrigation and tillage on water productivity and soil health in maize-wheat sequence under zero budget natural farming systems(Palampur, 2021-12-30) Jaswal, Richa; Sandal, Sanjeev K.The present study was conducted at experimental farm of Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural Farming, CSK HPKV, Palampur, during the year 2018-20 in maize -wheat cropping sequence with the objectives of evaluating the effect of irrigation and tillage under zero budget natural farming systems on soil and plant water content, total water use and water productivity, plant shoot and root growth and crop productivity and soil nutrient status, hydro-physical properties and microbial biomass. The treatments comprised of, T1: No irrigation to maize and 6 cm irrigation to wheat grown with conventional tillage and ZBNF, T2: No irrigation to maize and 4 cm irrigation to wheat grown with conventional tillage and ZBNF, T3: No irrigation to maize and 2 cm irrigation to wheat grown with conventional tillage and ZBNF, T4: No irrigation to maize and wheat grown with conventional tillage and ZBNF, T5: No irrigation to maize and wheat grown with minimum tillage + lantana mulch and ZBNF, T6: No irrigation to maize + soybean and 6 cm irrigation to wheat + gram gown with conventional tillage grown and ZBNF, T7: No irrigation to maize + soybean and wheat + gram grown with minimum tillage + lantana mulch and ZBNF, T8: No irrigation to maize and 6 cm irrigation to wheat grown with conventional tillage and organic farming and T9: No irrigation to maize and 6 cm irrigation to wheat grown with conventional tillage and no manure application (Absolute control) were imposed in a randomized block design replicated four times. The results indicated that the treatments of minimum tillage with mulch with (T7) or without (T5) intercropping of soybean/ gram resulted in higher soil and relative leaf water content, improved shoot and root growth and higher crop and water productivity with higher nutrient uptake in comparison to the conventional tillage and no mulch under rainfed conditions. Further, the treatments with 6 cm irrigation applied (T1, T6, T8) in wheat resulted in higher soil and relative leaf water content in comparison to the treatments of minimum tillage with mulch (T5 and T7). The treatments of minimum tillage with mulch (T5 and T7) resulted in increase in organic carbon, improvement in hydro-physical properties and increased microbial count in comparison to the conventional tillage and no mulch. The study concluded that the treatments of minimum tillage with mulch with or without intercropping of soybean/ gram resulted in higher crop and water productivity compared to conventional tillage with no mulch under ZBNF systems.ThesisItem Open Access Horizon-wise distribution of primary nutrients’ forms in cultivated soils of mid hills sub-humid zone of Himachal Pradesh(Palampur, 2021-09-30) Mishra, Upasana; Sharma, V.K.The knowledge of horizon-wise distribution of primary nutrient forms in cultivated soils is always required to develop nutrient management strategies for sustainable agro-ecosystems. In the present investigation, twenty soil profiles representing major soil orders (Alfisols, Inceptisols & Entisol) under different land use types (maize-wheat, paddy-wheat, vegetable, tea plantation and orchards) were dug out during 2020-21 for studying different forms of N, P and K and their relationship with soil properties. To fulfill the objectives of the investigation, horizon-wise soil samples collected, were analyzed for important soil properties and different forms of primary nutrients. The soils studied were coarse to fine loamy, strongly to slightly acidic and low to high in organic carbon. Mean organic N, fixed-NH4 + -N, exch-NH4 + -N, NO3 - +NO2 - -N, inorganic N, total N and available N were 829.3, 9.8, 13.2, 9, 32.9, 862.2 & 165.8 mg/kg in surface horizon and 391, 7, 5.4, 3.2, 15, 405.7 and 74 mg/kg in sub-surface horizons, respectively. Organic N, fixed-NH4 + -N, exch-NH4 + -N, NO3 - +NO2 -_N & available N accounted 96.2, 1.4, 1.4, 1 & 18.7 per cent of total N, respectively. Concentration of N forms decreased with depth in all the profiles due to decreasing trend of OC content in sub-surface horizons. N forms positively correlated among themselves and with organic carbon, CEC, exchangeable acidity, EC, silt & clay contents. On an average, mean value of organic P, saloid P, active P, inactive P, total P and available P were 211.8, 14.6, 58.5, 169.8, 454.7 & 8.1 mg/kg in surface horizon and 108, 8.4, 59.5, 190, 364 & 4 mg/kg in sub-surface horizons, respectively. Organic P, saloid P, active P, inactive P & available P accounted 35.3, 2.6, 15.1, 47 & 1.3 per cent of total P, respectively. Organic P, saloid P, total P & available P content follows decreasing trend down the horizon, while active & inactive P forms content follows increasing trend. Organic carbon, CEC, exchangeable acidity, EC, silt & clay contents of soils positively correlated with all forms of P. The mean value of water soluble-K, exch-K, non-exch-K, mineral K, total K and available K were 16.3, 63.3, 611.7, 15808.9, 16500.4 & 79.7 mg/kg in surface soils and 14.1, 68, 638.6, 15956.7, 16716 & 81.6 mg/kg in sub-surface horizons, respectively. There was irregular trend in depth wise distribution of K forms. Water soluble K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K, mineral K and available K accounted 0.1, 0.5, 3.8, 95.6 & 0.5 per cent of total K in cultivated soils. All the forms of K were positively correlated among themselves and with organic carbon, CEC, exchangeable acidity, EC, silt & clay contents. Distribution of primary nutrient forms in soil is governed by the operational intensity of pedological factors and land use management practices. On the basis of simple and multiple correlation coefficients, organic carbon proved better predictor of all N forms except in fixed-NH4 + -N where it was clay content. Both clay and organic carbon proved useful indicator for P forms distribution and also clay content of soil proved better predictor of all K forms except in water soluble-K, where it was CEC alone.ThesisItem Open Access Long-term effect of fertilizers and amendments on soil aggregate stability and carbon dynamics in an acid Alfisol(Palampur, 2021-10-28) PATIAL, DISHA; Sankhyan, N. K.The present investigation was carried out in an on-going long-term fertilizer experiment, initiated during 1972 at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science, CSK HPKV Palampur, to study the long-term effect of fertilizers and amendments on soil aggregate stability and carbon dynamics in an acid Alfisol under maize-wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments. The soil of the experimental site was silt loam and classified taxonomically as “Typic Hapludalf” (Subgroup). Soil samples were collected from surface (0 - 0.15 m) layer after the harvest of wheat (rabi, 2019-20) and were analyzed for different physical and chemical soil parameters. Long-term use of integrated nutrient management practices significantly improved the available N, P and K as compared to control. Effect of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and amendments on soil aggregate distribution, aggregate stability and aggregate associated different carbon pools were studied. Application of inorganic fertilizers along with FYM increased the WSA, MWD and GMD over control thus, enhanced aggregate stability of soil. MWD and GMD were higher in FYM amended plots than unfertilized control plots. The addition of FYM enhanced the macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) as compared to microaggregates (<0.25 mm). Incorporation of FYM alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers enhanced the accumulation of different C pools in all aggregate fractions over unfertilized control. Among the macroaggregates, 1-0.5 mm fraction had the higher TOC, OC, LC and NLC as compared to microaggregates. 100 per cent NPK + FYM amended plots recorded highest productivity of wheat. Different aggregate fractions of TOC, OC, LC and NLC were found to be positively and significantly correlated with available N, P and K and negatively and significantly correlated with BD whereas, positively and non-significantly correlated with soil pH and EC. Different aggregate fraction of TOC, OC, LC and NLC were positively and significantly correlated with grain and straw yield of wheat.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF CALCIUM AND BORON ON TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH IN KULLU VALLEY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(Palampur, 2021-09-13) MAHAJAN, ADITYA; Parmar, D. K.A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2020-21 on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) at the experimental farm of CSK HPKV Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Centre Bajaura district Kullu Himachal Pradesh. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments (Control, NPK +FYM, 0.3% CaCl2, 0.6% CaCl2, 0.34% B through Boric acid, 0.51% B through Boric acid, 0.3% CaCl2 + 0.34% B through Boric acid, 0.3% CaCl2 + 0.51% B through Boric acid, 0.6% CaCl2 + 0.34% B through Boric acid, 0.6% CaCl2 + 0.51% B through Boric acid, 0.017% B + Ca Metalosate and 0.034% B + Ca Metalosate) which were replicated thrice in a randomized block design. All the treatment combinations except control received uniform recommended rate of NPK and FYM. The foliar spray was applied at flowering and fruit formation stage. The results of the study revealed that foliar application of calcium and boron exerted a significant effect on the growth, yield and its attribute and foliar application of 0.034 % Ca+BMetalosate further recorded tallest plants, highest number of flowers per plant, maximum fruit weight and fruit diameter. The yield and quality parameters were also significantly affected by foliar application of 0.034 percent calcium and boron Metalosate. Maximum net returns were registered in treatment with 0.034 per cent calcium and boron Metalosate although, highest B:C ratio of 2.83 was recorded where calcium and boron Metalosate @ 0.017 percent was applied. Further, the foliar applied calcium + boronmetasolate @ 0.034% significantly improved the nutrient concentration and uptake by tomato fruit and straw. However, the foliar application of calcium and boron did not exert any significant effect on soil pH and organic carbon but the availability of nutrients in soil was improved considerably due to Ca and B supplements. It may be concluded that while taking parameters in relation to productivity of tomato and soil health, foliar spray of calcium + boron Metalosate@ 0.034 percent applied as at flowering and fruit formation stage along with recommended rate of NPK+FYM can be recommended for kharif tomato production in Kullu valley of Himachal PradeshThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF CONJOINT USE OF FYM AND LIME ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) AND SOIL HEALTH IN AN ACID ALFISOL(CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-10-29) BHARTI, ANUPAM; Sharma, R. P.The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of conjoint use of FYM, lime and fertilizers on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and soil health in an acid Alfisol at the Research farm of the Department of Soil Science, CSK HPKV Palampur during kharif 2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eleven treatments which were replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental site was silt loam and classified taxonomically as Typic Hapludalf. The grain and stover yield of maize were recorded. After the harvest of maize, soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 - 0.15 m and analysed for various physical (bulk density and water holding capacity), chemical (pH, OC, CEC, exchange acidity, exchangeable Al, available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) and biological parameters (SMBC and SMBN) of soil using standard methods of analysis. Grain and stover samples were also collected and analyzed for nutrient contents to calculate the nutrient uptake by maize. Conjoint use of FYM and lime along with recommended dose of fertilizers influenced the yield and nutrient uptake by maize significantly over control and 100% NPK alone. Integrated application of 100% NPK + 10 t FYM/ha + lime incorporation @ 100% LR (Lime Requirement) recorded highest grain (36.48 q/ha) and stover (58.06 q/ha) yield which was at par with 100% NPK + 10 t FYM/ha + lime incorporation @ 1/10th LR in furrow with grain and stover yield of 34.90 and 54.72 q/ha, respectively, indicating thereby that dose of lime can be reduced to 1/10th of lime requirement by furrow application, without significant reduction in yield. Combined application of FYM, lime and fertilizers increased nutrient uptake significantly over 100% NPK. Combined application of FYM, lime and recommended dose of fertilizers improved soil health in terms of physical (bulk density and water holding capacity), chemical (pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and available nutrients) and biological properties (soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen). Application of lime with recommended dose of NPK as well as integrated use of FYM, lime and NPK fertilizers reduced exchangeable Al and exchange acidity significantly over control
