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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION USING AMMI AND GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS IN BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-07-20) LOYAL, ATUL; Naval, KishoreThe present investigation was carried out for G×E interaction and stability analysis of twenty one barley genotypes for eleven traits at five different locations during rabi 2017-18. The pooled analysis of variance across environments exhibited significant mean sum of square due to genotypes and environments indicating sufficient variability among the genotypes and environments for all the traits studied. Genotype × Environment interaction and stability analysis following Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model also exhibited significant variance due to genotypes, environments and G×E interaction indicating presence of sufficient variability among the genotypes and environments. Environments explained the greater proportion of total variation for most of the characters followed by genotypes and genotype × environment interaction (GEI). The mean squares for the IPCAI and IPCAII cumulatively contributed more than 60 per cent of the total G×E interaction for all the traits, highest being 97.94 per cent for peduncle length (cm) and lowest for harvest index (61.24%). The „which won where‟ pattern showed that no single genotype was found stable as well as high yielding for more than one trait. Genotypes G3 (BHS 467) and G16 (VLB 158) showed high mean performance and stability for biological and grain yield per plant across environments. Genotype G20 (HBL 113) was the winner for the trait number of effective tillers per plant across all environments. Genotype G3 (BHS 467) was also the most stable genotype for days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity and biological yield per plant, whereas genotype G6 (HBL 793) showed high mean and stability for plant height, number of grains per spike and harvest index. Genotype G8 (HBL 812) outperformed all the genotypes for four traits in Bajaura (no. of grains/spike, spike length, biological yield/plant and grain yield/plant and); for spike length in Katrain and for three traits (no. of grains/spike, biological yield/plant and grain yield/plant) in Kangra, Berthin and Malan. Hence, HBL 812 was the winner genotype for grain yield in four environments.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF INDUCED MUTANTS OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Kishore, Naval; Katna, GopalThe field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2016-17 at experimental farm of Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur to estimate the extent of induced variations for seed yield and component traits and to identify potential mutants for various agro morphological traits in chickpea.The experimental materials comprised of 240 mutant lines of chickpea genotype (PG 0027) and three checks, namely, PG 0027, HPG-17 and GPF-2. These mutant lines were evaluated in an Augmented Block Design during rabi 2016-17 with respect to days to 50 per cent flowering, days to 75 per cent maturity, plant height, primary branches, pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, seeds yield per plant, harvest index and 100-seed weight. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for seed yield and yield related traits under study. Based on the mean performance of different lines, it was observed that T1 (P2) and T1 (P3) i.e.100 Gy treatment were superior to checks PG 0027, HPG-17 and GPF-2 for seed yield per plant. The superior performance of genotypes was the result of their better performance for days of flowering, biological yield, branches per plant and pods per plant, While T2 (P10) i.e 150 Gy treatment had high seed yield per plant, biological yield, seeds per pod, harvest index and seeds per pod.The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation, genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance (as a per cent of mean) were high for biological yield per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant indicated the importance of additive gene action and suggested that early selections for these traits could be effective. Correlation studies revealed that seed yield per plant had a positive and significant association with pods per plant, seeds per pod, harvest index and 100-seed weight. The superior lines can be further evaluated for possible release as improved variety(s) and/or can be utilize in further breeding programmes.ThesisItem Open Access G × E INTERACTION AND PHENOTYPIC STABILITY ANALYSIS USING GGE BIPLOT AND AMMI MODELS IN LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-05-30) Nareshbhai, Satasiya Pratik; Paul, SatishThe present investigation entitled “G × E interaction and phenotypic stability analysis using GGE biplot and AMMI models in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)” was undertaken during rabi 2017-18 at the Experimental farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur and three research stations namely, Rice and Wheat Research Centre (RWRC) Malan, Shivalik Agricultural Research and Extension Centre (SAREC) Kangra and Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Centre (HAREC) Dhaulakuan of CSK HPKV, Palampur. Thirty linseed genotypes comprising 16 advanced breeding lines, 11 released varieties and three exotic collections were grown in alpha design, with the objective to estimate genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects and identify the stable linseed genotypes for yield and component traits over wide range of environments. Data were recorded on various yield and attributing characters and reaction to diseases i.e. powdery mildew and rust. The data analysis was done as per the standard statistical procedures. The analysis of variance for each environment showed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The pooled analysis of variance as per AMMI and GGE analysis revealed significant differences among the genotypic, environmental and G × E interaction effects for all the characters studied, indicating presence of sufficient variability among the genotypes and environments as well as differential response of genotypes in different environments for these traits. G × E interaction was divided into first three principal components, of which all of them were significant for all the characters. The first two principal components were able to explain more than 70 per cent of the variation by genotypes and G × E interaction, they provided good approximation for interpretation of the biplots. On the basis of AMMI and GGE biplots, KL-241, KL-263 and Surbhi were high yielding and most stable genotypes. For fibre yield per plant genotypes KL-284, KL-269 and KL-227 were stable for fibre yield per plant. The genotypes KL-280, KL-236 and Him Alsi-2 were having higher seed yield per plant in environment Palampur-I and Kangra than the average in other environments whereas, the genotypes KL-219, Bhagsu and Giza-8 in environments Palampur-II and Malan; KL-263 and Surbhi in environment Dhaulakuan, the farmers can grow these genotypes at its relevant environment to get maximum benefit. Environments Dhaulakuan and Kangra were having highest representativeness to discriminate the genotypes for fourteen and eleven characters out of sixteen on the basis of their performance. Hence, these environments can be useful for selecting the stable genotypes during breeding programmes. Five genotypes viz., KL-241, KL-263, KL-285, Jeewan and Nagarkot were found to be resistant to powdery mildew as well as rust under natural epiphytotic conditions. Genotypes KL-241 and KL-263 were found to be best genotypes for most of the economic traits as well as resistant to powdery mildew and rust.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES FOR VARIOUS AGROMORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS USING IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION IN DIFFERENT OAT SPECIES(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-04) Sharma, Ankita; Sood, Vinod KumarThe present investigation entitled, “Genetic studies for various agro-morphological traits and diversity analysis using in situ hybridization in different oat species” was undertaken to study the nature and magnitude of gene action for forage and seed yield contributing traits, to understand the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and cytological analysis of different oat species so as to assess the diversity among them. Nine generations of six cross combinations namely, „HJ-8 x PLP-1, HJ-8 x EC-528896, HJ-8 x JPO-46, HJ-8 x Avena sterilis, HJ-8 x KRR-AK-26 and PLP-1 x A. sterilis‟ were evaluated in compact family block design with three replications during Rabi 2017-18. Simple scaling tests revealed the inadequacy of additive-dominance model for all the traits except leaves per plant and plant height indicating the presence of non-allelic interactions for these traits. Duplicate type of gene action was observed for two characters in cross HJ-8 x PLP-1, three in HJ-8 x EC-528896, ten in HJ-8 x JPO-46, five in HJ-8 x A. sterilis, seven in HJ-8 x KRRAK- 26 and for four characters in PLP-1 x A. sterilis. Complementary type of epistasis was observed for one character in HJ-8 x A. sterilis and two characters in HJ-8 x KRR-AK-26. The best heterotic crosses coupled with low inbreeding depression were HJ-8 x PLP-1 for dry matter yield and crude protein yield per plant; HJ-8 x EC-528896 for fresh fodder yield and biological yield per plant; HJ-8 x JPO-46 for seed yield per plant and HJ-8 x KRR-AK-26 for days to 50% flowering & days to 75% maturity. The outcome of the present endeavour suggested that HJ-8 x JPO-46 and HJ-8 x EC-528896 crosses may be exploited through biparental approach in early generations followed by recurrent selection in later generations for harnessing desirable transgressive segregants. The segregation pattern of powdery mildew disease indicated that resistance was governed by a single dominant gene in HJ-8 x PLP-1, HJ-8 x EC-528896, HJ-8 x JPO-46, HJ-8 x A. sterilis and HJ-8 x KRR-AK-26 cross combinations. While comparing the karyotype of different Avena species, it was observed that in tetraploid (A. barbata and A. murphii) and hexaploid species (A. sterilis and A.sativa) the number of sat chromosomes and subterminal chromosomes were just the same as that in the diploids (A. strigosa).Thus indicated that some chromosomes of A.strigosa may be present in these tetra and hexaploid species. The most striking feature of the hexaploid karyotype was 10 subterminal chromosomes while in diploid and tetraploid species only two subterminal chromosomes were present thus indicating the unknown sources of different genomes.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND OTHER TRAITS TO UNRAVEL THE MUTAGENS-MEDIATED VARIABILITY IN ETHIOPIAN MUSTARD (Brassica carinata A. Braun)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-03-08) Vinod Kumar; Vedna KumariThe present study entitled “Genetic analysis of yield and other traits to unravel the mutagens-mediated variability in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun)” was carried out to congregate information on genetic architecture, combining ability, heterosis and inheritance of Alternaria blight resistance. The materials for the investigation comprised of 16 fixed mutant lines, three testers i.e. Jayanti, P(4)2b and their F1 (Jayanti × P(4)2b) and resulting 48 TTC hybrids. These progenies and their parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications during rabi 2016-17 at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur (H.P.). Analysis of variance indicated the significance of mean squares due to genotypes for all the traits which revealed the presence of sufficient genetic variability in the existing material. Triple test cross analysis exhibited the presence of significant epistasis for all the traits except for plant height and harvest index. Further, partitioning of epistasis revealed the importance of ‘j+l’ type of epistasis for almost all the traits except for harvest index whereas, ‘i’ type interaction were non-significant for all the traits except for days to 50 per cent flowering, number of secondary branches per plant, seeds per siliqua and oil content. Relative magnitude of additive component (D) was predominant over dominance component (H) for most of the traits except for seeds per siliquae, biological yield per plant and oil content. The line × tester analysis revealed that non-additive gene action (σ2 D) played a major role in the manifestation of almost all the traits except for days to flower initiation. The genotype P(4)2a was found to be good general combiner for seven traits followed by P22 for six traits, P74 for five traits and P36 for four traits, respectively. None of the crosses could reveal significant specific combining ability effect for all the traits. For seed yield per plant, five crosses viz., P(3)2 × Jayanti, P13b × P(4)2b, P47 × P(4)2b, P36 × Jayanti and P10b × Jayanti showed significant positive SCA effects. Heterosis was observed for almost all the characters except for harvest index. For seed yield per plant, only two crosses namely P(4)2a × Jayanti and P74 × Jayanti were found to be the best cross combinations showing heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis. To study the genetic control of inheritance of Alternaria blight resistance, three crosses viz., Jayanti × P(4)2b, Jayanti × EC-399300 and RCC-4 × EC-399300 were attempted and evaluated. However, no concrete ratio could be fitted in F2 population as disease reaction varied from moderate to high susceptibility as the available donor sources do not have high level of resistance which indicated that Alternaria blight resistance is not at least monogenic in nature. Therefore, six parameter model was used to find out the gene effects for inheritance to Alternaria blight resistance using per cent disease index (PDI) with square root transformation. Significance of A, C and D tests confirmed the presence of epistasis. Six parameters model showed significant estimates of additive [d], and non-additive [h] effects as well as all the three types of epistasis viz., additive × additive [i], additive × dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l]. The opposite signs of [h] and [l] indicated the presence of duplicate epistasis for the inheritance of Alternaria blight resistance.ThesisItem Open Access GENE ACTION FOR SEED YIELD AND FIBRE TRAITS IN LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-01-05) Dhail, Ritika Singh; Paul, SatishThe present investigation entitled “Gene action for seed yield and fibre traits in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)” was undertaken to detect the presence of non-allelic interactions by understanding nature and magnitude of various genic effects including interactions for seed yield, oil content, fibre yield and associated traits, study the inheritance of powdery mildew and rust diseases, and to identify potential parents and cross combinations on the basis of heterosis in linseed. Eight generations namely, two parents (P1 and P2), F1, F2, BC1, BC2, BC1F2/B1S, BC2F2/B2S were evaluated in compact family block design with three replications for 16 characters in five cross combinations namely, Surbhi × Nagarkot, Baner × Belinka, KL-270 × JRF-1, T-397 × Surbhi and K1-Raja × Nagarkot. The research was carried out in Experimental Farm, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur and research station SAREC Kangra and HAREC Kukumseri during the year 2015-16 to 2017-18. Generation mean analysis suggested that both additive and dominance effects were important for most of the traits but dominance was predominant as compared to additive effects. Duplicate type of gene action was observed in Surbhi × Nagarkot for four characters namely, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, capsules per plant and 1000-seed weight; Baner × Belinka for four characters namely, plant height, technical height, primary branches per plant and capsules per plant; KL-270 × JRF-1 for four characters namely, plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant and capsules per plant. In T-397 × Surbhi, one character i.e. harvest index and K1-Raja × Nagarkot for six characters namely, primary branches per plant, aerial biomass per plant, seed yield per plant, 1000-seed weight, fibre yield per plant and oil content which suggested the exploitation of these crosses by growing large segregating populations and adopting biparental mating to get transgressive segregants. Complementary type of gene action was observed in Surbhi × Nagarkot for plant height; K1-Raja × Nagarkot for secondary branches per plant and Baner × Belinka for both seed yield per plant and fibre yield per plant which implies the use of biparental approach and early generation selection to be followed. Significant positive heterosis over better parent for all the cross combinations were observed for eight characters viz., plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant, straw weight and retted straw weight. The best heterotic crosses were Baner × Belinka (seed yield) and KL-270 × JRF-1 (fibre yield). Crosses with significant heterosis also showed significant inbreeding depression in F2. The segregation pattern of rust and powdery mildew indicated that single dominant gene controls the inheritance of these diseases having the ratio of 3:1 in linseed. The outcome of the present endeavour suggested that for developing the dual purpose variety for seed yield, fibre yield and oil content crosses; Baner × Belinka and KL- 270 × JRF-1 may be exploited through biparental approach followed by recurrent selection. Therefore, promising parents and crosses could be utilized in future breeding programme.