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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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2017 - 201914
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Subject: Animal Nutrition × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 14
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF APPLE POMACE BASED COMPLETE FEED ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF CALVES
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2019-07-23) SUNIDHI; Rani, Daisy
    The study was conducted with the aim to find out the effect of using ensiled apple pomace (AP) based complete feed on growth response of calves. Ten male calves were divided into 2 groups of 5 calves each, with each group having similar average body weight. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the effect of ensiled mixture of apple pomace and wheat straw (EMAPWS) and ensiled apple pomace and fresh wheat straw (EAPFWS) based complete feed on growth response of calves was studied and in the second experiment, the effect of EMAPWS and EAPFWS based complete feed on nutrient utilization of calves was studied. For the experiments, AP and Wheat straw (WS) was ensiled in 85:15 in plastic drums of 300L capacity for 4 weeks. Also only AP was ensiled and to this fresh WS was mixed in 85:15. The mixtures were analyzed for proximate and fibre composition. Accordingly, formulation and preparation of concentrate feed was done. Growth studies were carried out for 8 weeks period. During growth trial, the overall DMI was 2.79 and 2.51 per cent, with a daily gain of 288 and 260 g/calf. The feed efficiency ratio was 0.147 and 0.188, respectively, in EMAPWS TMR and EAPFWS TMR treatment. During digestibility trial average gain in weight/head/day was 762g and 701g respectively. Average daily dry matter intake was 3.198 and 2.816 g per 100 kg body weight respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS. There was no significant difference in GIW and DMI between both the groups. The digestibilities of EE, CF, Cellulose and ADF was significantly higher in EMAPWS, whereas the digestibilities of DM, CP, Hemicellulose, NFE, NDF and OM did not differ. The TDN content of the complete feed was 70.88 and 59.74 per cent whereas, DCP content was 7.28 and 6.12 per cent in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and it differed significantly. The TDN intake was 63.51 and 47.96 g and DCP intake was 6.53 and 4.92 g per Kg metabolic body weight in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and both TDN and DCP intake differed significantly. The nitrogen intake was 56.56 and 37.87 g/head/day which was significantly different between both the groups. The Nitrogen retention (NR) as per cent of nitrogen intake (NI) was 46.35 and 37.82 respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS and it differed significantly between both the groups. All the calves were in positive nitrogen and energy balance. Feeding EMAPWS reduced the expenditure incurred on feeding to gain one kg body weight, by 2.22 percent than feeding ensiled AP mixed with fresh WS. So, it was concluded that ensiling AP with WS in the ratio of 85:15 was relatively better method to preserve and feed AP to calves and feeding complete feed based on EMAPWS could support optimum growth rate in cross-bred calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF APPLE POMACE BASED COMPLETE FEED ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF CALVES
    (CSHHPKV Palampur, 2019-07-23) SUNIDHI; Daisy, Rani
    The study was conducted with the aim to find out the effect of using ensiled apple pomace (AP) based complete feed on growth response of calves. Ten male calves were divided into 2 groups of 5 calves each, with each group having similar average body weight. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the effect of ensiled mixture of apple pomace and wheat straw (EMAPWS) and ensiled apple pomace and fresh wheat straw (EAPFWS) based complete feed on growth response of calves was studied and in the second experiment, the effect of EMAPWS and EAPFWS based complete feed on nutrient utilization of calves was studied. For the experiments, AP and Wheat straw (WS) was ensiled in 85:15 in plastic drums of 300L capacity for 4 weeks. Also only AP was ensiled and to this fresh WS was mixed in 85:15. The mixtures were analyzed for proximate and fibre composition. Accordingly, formulation and preparation of concentrate feed was done. Growth studies were carried out for 8 weeks period. During growth trial, the overall DMI was 2.79 and 2.51 per cent, with a daily gain of 288 and 260 g/calf. The feed efficiency ratio was 0.147 and 0.188, respectively, in EMAPWS TMR and EAPFWS TMR treatment. During digestibility trial average gain in weight/head/day was 762g and 701g respectively. Average daily dry matter intake was 3.198 and 2.816 g per 100 kg body weight respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS. There was no significant difference in GIW and DMI between both the groups. The digestibilities of EE, CF, Cellulose and ADF was significantly higher in EMAPWS, whereas the digestibilities of DM, CP, Hemicellulose, NFE, NDF and OM did not differ. The TDN content of the complete feed was 70.88 and 59.74 per cent whereas, DCP content was 7.28 and 6.12 per cent in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and it differed significantly. The TDN intake was 63.51 and 47.96 g and DCP intake was 6.53 and 4.92 g per Kg metabolic body weight in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and both TDN and DCP intake differed significantly. The nitrogen intake was 56.56 and 37.87 g/head/day which was significantly different between both the groups. The Nitrogen retention (NR) as per cent of nitrogen intake (NI) was 46.35 and 37.82 respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS and it differed significantly between both the groups. All the calves were in positive nitrogen and energy balance. Feeding EMAPWS reduced the expenditure incurred on feeding to gain one kg body weight, by 2.22 percent than feeding ensiled AP mixed with fresh WS. So, it was concluded that ensiling AP with WS in the ratio of 85:15 was relatively better method to preserve and feed AP to calves and feeding complete feed based on EMAPWS could support optimum growth rate in cross-bred calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON USE OF SOME PHYTOGENIC MATERIALS AS CATTLE FEED PRESERVATIVES.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019) Rana, Divya; Rani, Daisy
    This study was conducted to generate information regarding use of some phytogenic materials as cattle feed preservatives with the objectives to study changes in chemical composition of concentrate feeds preserved with plant materials; to study the effect of preservatives on in-vitro digestion of feeds; to study effect of promising preservative on nutrient utilization in ruminants and to study the economics of use of preservatives on growth performance of calves. Calcium propionate @ 0.1 percent, curry leaves @ 2 percent, mint leaves @ 1 percent, seabuckthorn leaves @ 2 percent, eucalyptus leaves @ 2 percent, turmeric rhizome powder @ 1 percent and neem leaves were added @ 2 percent and they were designated as PC, C, M, S, E, T and N, respectively. Basal feed was designated as NC. Effect on physical and chemical composition of feeds was studied up to 6 months period. In-vitro gas production study was conducted bimonthly for dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Digestibility-cum-metabolism trial was conducted by using NC, PC, N and T with wheat straw as source of roughage in 4 groups of calves with 5 calves in each group. A growth study was conducted on same groups of growing calves for 12 weeks period by using TMR containing concentrate with PC, N and T. Economics of use of the phytogenic preservatives in growing calves was calculated. On the basis of effect of phytogenic preservatives on shelf-life of concentrate feeds, treatment T and N had rank 1 followed by PC; M and S; C; NC and E in decreasing order. The feeds could be very well preserved up to 4 months after preparation under the weather conditions of Palampur, without affecting the in-vitro digestibility of DM and OM. The treatment T significantly (P<0.05) increased the digestibility of OM, CF and NFE in the growing calves. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the use of PC, N and T. Energy content of feeds of N and T treatments were significantly (P<0.05) higher than NC. The use of Calcium propinate, Neem and Turmeric resulted in lowering the expenditure of feeding to get 1 kg body weight by 10.65, 8.59 and 6.53 percent, respectively compared to NC. As the shelf-life study was conducted from February to August, there was a great change in environmental condition during last 2 to 3 months due to monsoons, therefore research work is needed to be conducted on the effect of phytogenic preservatives on shelf-life of feeds which are prepared and stored during rainy season.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Use of citric acid in combination with probiotics in broiler diets.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-04) Koundal, Nitesh; Katoch, Shivani
    The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of citric acid alone and in combination with commercial probiotics (Darolac) in the poultry broiler birds under completely randomized block design. For this purpose, day old broiler chicks (n=99) were divided into 3 main treatment groups T0, T1 and T2. Each treatment group was further divided into 3 replicates with 11 chicks each. T0 served as standard control diet and was given standard corn-soy flake based ration. Treatment T1 was given standard corn-soy flake ration with 0.5 per cent citric acid (CA) and T2 was given standard corn-soy flake ration with a combination of 0.5 per cent CA and 0.05 per cent probiotics. All three diets were formulated and prepared conferring to ICAR (2013) standards. Supplementation of test diet T1 alone was more effective than test diet T2 in enhancing bird performance in form of gain in weight and FCR by modulating the GIT environment condition viz. lowering the pH of intestinal contents, altering the population of intestinal microflora leading to reduction in the population of coliforms and altering the gram positive and gram negative bacteria ratio. Test diet T1 and T2 improved the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus which was reflected in increased Ca and P content in tibial bone. However carcass characteristics revealed 4.9 per cent higher dressing per cent in treatment T2 compared to control T0. Further, the average weight for fore/breast quarter was significantly (P<0.05) higher in treatment T2 and was numerically higher in treatment T1 compared to control T0. Blood cholesterol (mg/dL) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in treatment T2 compared to control T0. Economic analysis revealed 1.17 per cent higher gross profit on feeding test diet T1 compared to control diet T0, whereas test diet T2 increased the cost of feeding thus negatively affecting the profit margin compared to control T0. It is thus concluded that supplementation of CA alone at 0.5 per cent concentration in standard corn- soy flake ration is economically viable compared to combination of 0.5 per cent CA and 0.05 per cent probiotics.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    USE OF CITRIC ACID AS AN ADDITIVE IN BROILER DIETS WITH LOWER MINERAL CONCENTRATION.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-04) Sharma, Sumani; Katoch, Shivani
    The study was conducted to evaluate citric acid (CA) in diet with lower mineral concentration i.e. calcium and phosphorus (Ca;P) in commercial broiler poultry birds under complete randomized design. For this purpose, day old broiler chicks (n=96) were divided into 4 main treatment groups T0, T1, T2 and T3. Each treatment group was further divided in 2 replicates with 12 chicks in each. T0 served as control diet and was given standard corn- soy flake based ration. Treatment T1 served as standard ration containing 0.5 per cent CA and T2 was given ration containing 0.5 per cent CA along with 10 percent low Ca;P whereas treatment T3 was given ration containing 0.5 per cent CA along with 20 percent lower Ca;P as per ICAR (2013) standards. The diet T3 formulated with 0.5 per cent CA and 20 per cent lower Ca;P then ICAR 2013 recommendations significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the growth performance of birds in terms of gain in weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and carcass traits like dressing percentage and forequarters weight compared to control T0 but did not show any difference compared to standard treatment T1. Supplementation of 0.5 per cent CA in the diets conferred protection to birds by lowering mortality in birds through reduction in total microbial count, altering the gram positive to gram negative ratio in the lower gastro intestinal tract. Treatment T3 enhanced the availability of calcium and phosphorus by activating homeostatic mechanism of calcium and phosphorus regulation as evident in metabolic trial, blood and tibial bone studies and exhibited 2.24 and 1.04 per cent higher gross profit compared to control T0 and standard T1. Treatment T2 exhibited reduced gross profit owing to poor FCR compared to control T0 and standard T1.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    USE OF CITRIC ACID AS AN ADDITIVE IN BROILER DIETS WITH LOWER MINERAL CONCENTRATION
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-04) Sharma, Sumani; Katoch, Shivani
    The study was conducted to evaluate citric acid (CA) in diet with lower mineral concentration i.e. calcium and phosphorus (Ca;P) in commercial broiler poultry birds under complete randomized design. For this purpose, day old broiler chicks (n=96) were divided into 4 main treatment groups T0, T1, T2 and T3. Each treatment group was further divided in 2 replicates with 12 chicks in each. T0 served as control diet and was given standard corn- soy flake based ration. Treatment T1 served as standard ration containing 0.5 per cent CA and T2 was given ration containing 0.5 per cent CA along with 10 percent low Ca;P whereas treatment T3 was given ration containing 0.5 per cent CA along with 20 percent lower Ca;P as per ICAR (2013) standards. The diet T3 formulated with 0.5 per cent CA and 20 per cent lower Ca;P then ICAR 2013 recommendations significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the growth performance of birds in terms of gain in weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and carcass traits like dressing percentage and forequarters weight compared to control T0 but did not show any difference compared to standard treatment T1. Supplementation of 0.5 per cent CA in the diets conferred protection to birds by lowering mortality in birds through reduction in total microbial count, altering the gram positive to gram negative ratio in the lower gastro intestinal tract. Treatment T3 enhanced the availability of calcium and phosphorus by activating homeostatic mechanism of calcium and phosphorus regulation as evident in metabolic trial, blood and tibial bone studies and exhibited 2.24 and 1.04 per cent higher gross profit compared to control T0 and standard T1. Treatment T2 exhibited reduced gross profit owing to poor FCR compared to control T0 and standard T1.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NUTRIENT SPARING EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS FEED ENZYMES ON THE BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF POULTRY BROILER BIRDS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Sood, Radhika Rajshree; Katoch, Shivani
    The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of exogenous feed enzymes viz. Hizyme and Phytase on the biological growth performance of commercial broiler poultry birds. For this purpose, day old broiler chicks (n=100) were divided into 5 main treatment groups viz. T0, T1, T2,T3and T4 under completely randomized block design. Each treatment group was further divided in 2 replicates with 10 chicks in each. T0 served as standard control diet and was given standard corn- soy flake based ration. Treatment T1 was given standard corn- soy flake based ration along with Hizyme at the rate of 25 grams per quintal feed and Phytase at the rate of 5grams per quintal(Activity -5000FTU) i.e. 250 FTU/Kg feed whereas T2 was given ration containing 5 percent lower calculated metabolizable energy(ME), Ca and P along with Hizyme and Phytase whereas treatment T3 was given ration containing 5 percent lower calculated minerals viz Ca and P along with phytase and treatment T4 was given ration with 5 percent lower calculated ME along with enzyme Hizyme. All the five broiler diets were formulated and prepared conferring to BIS (1992) standards. Formulated diet with 5 per cent lower metabolizable energy with addition of exogenous feed enzymes in treatment T4 exhibited increased growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion, dressing yield and profitability.Supplementation of Hizyme at the rate 25 grams/quintal and phytase 5grams/quintal improved gain in live weight and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all treatments viz.T1, T2, T3andT4.Phytase supplementation @ 250 FTU/Kg feed did not compensate for the deficit in calcium and phosphorus as per BIS standards in treatment T2 during the starter phase but during the finisher phase the birds exhibited comparable weight gain and FCR compared to control T0.Hizyme and Phytase supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the crude fibre digestibility in treatment T2 compared to control group. Phosphorus digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in treatment group T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared to control group. Tibial bone calcium content did not exhibit any difference in control and all the other treatments whereas the tibial bone phosphorus and magnesium content was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in treatment T3 and T4 compared to standard formulated diet T1. Blood parameters were not affected by supplementation of enzymes.Dressing percentage was not affected by reduction in ME, Ca and P, although live weight and dressed weight were significantly (P<0.05) higher in treatment group T1 compared to treatment group T2 and T3. Cost of feed per kilogram gain in live weight was lowest in treatment T4 (Rs. 41.83/Kg) supplemented with Hizyme and second lowest in treatment T2 (Rs. 42.27/Kg) where as it was highest in control group T0 (Rs. 46.82/Kg).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    THE USE OF COTTONSEED MEAL AS A PROTEIN REPLACER IN POULTRY BROILER BIRD
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-07) Thakur, Archna; Katoch, Shivani
    The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the locally available non-dehulled cottonseed cake in the poultry broiler birds under completely randomized block design. For this purpose, day old broiler chicks (n=108) were divided into 4 main treatment groups T0, T1, T2 and T3. Each treatment group was further divided in 3 replicates with 9 chicks in each. T0 served as standard control diet and was given standard corn- soy flake- groundnut based ration. Treatment T1 was given ration containing 20 per cent non-dehulled cottonseed cake and T2 was given ration containing 20 per cent fermented non-dehulled cottonseed cake whereas treatment T3 was given ration containing 20 per cent non-dehulled cottonseed cake with additional supplementation of ferrous sulphate (600ppm) and lysine (2%). All the four broiler diets were formulated and prepared conferring to ICAR (2013) standards. Substitution of non-dehulled cottonseed cake as protein replacer at 20 per cent level depressed gain in live weight, poor feed conversion ratio (FCR) and affected the liver functioning in both treatments T1 and T2 compared to control T0 whereas treatment T3 supplemented with iron (Fe) and lysine compensate the toxic effect of gossypol and improved performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to treatment T1 and T2 but not comparable to control T0. Supplementation of non-dehulled cottonseed cake did not show any significant variation in complete blood count except for TLC which was significantly (P<0.05) higher in treatment T1. Plasma phosphorous, triglycerides, HDL, SGOT, SGPT, total protein and albumin content were non-significant amongst control and other treatment groups. Control T0 exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher carcass weight, dressed weight, dressing percentage, breast muscle yield and cooking yield. Overall acceptability of chicken meat was higher in treatment T1 and T2. Cost benefit ratio indicated higher cost/kg gain in live weight in non-dehulled cottonseed cake and fermented non-dehulled cotton seed cake formulated ration. Thus, replacement of 20 per cent non-dehulled cottonseed cake available in the market as a protein replacer in feed of broiler birds was found to be uneconomical.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF FEEDING FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM) AND GILOY (TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA) ON MILK YIELD AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD AND MILK IN DAIRY COWS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-06-08) Sharma, Anurag; Kumar, Naresh
    The study was conducted on Jersey crossbred lactating cows randomly divided into four groups, each group having six animals. T1, T2 and T3 group cows received Giloy stem powder (150 g), or Fenugreek seed powder (150 g), or a combination of both the herbs (75 g of each) respectively, mixed with the concentrate feed for 60 days while the control group (T0) received only the concentrate. Milk yield was recorded every 5th day from Day 0 (a day before the starting of herbal treatment) to Day 75 (15 days after the stoppage of herbal feeding). Milk and blood sampling was done fortnightly, from Day 0 to Day 75. Milk samples were analyzed for milk composition parameters (Fat, SNF, milk protein and Lactose per cent) and minerals (Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Zn). Blood plasma samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters viz. glucose, lipid profile (TAG, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL), protein profile (Total protein, albumin, globulin and A: G ratio) and renal profile (urea nitrogen and creatinine) and minerals (Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Zn). It was found that the feeding of Giloy stem powder or Fenugreek seed powder alone or in combination to lactating Jersey crossbred cows did not lead to any significant change in the milk yield. Milk Fat, SNF, milk protein and lactose did not change to any significant extent after feeding of Giloy or Fenugreek or both. Giloy supplementation lead to significantly lower levels of blood glucose while fenugreek alone or in combination with giloy was effective in lowering the total cholesterol and LDL levels in the blood of lactating dairy cows. Most of the other blood biochemical parameters remained unchanged in control and treated animals. Herbal supplementation had no significant influence on any of the mineral elements (Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Zn) estimated in milk and blood plasma of lactating cows used in this study.