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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MODELING AND SIMULATING GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT UNDER VARYING ENVIRONMENTS IN MID HILL CONDITIONS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Pathania, Renu; Prasad, Rajendra
    A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Palampur with five dates of sowing (20th October, 5th November, 20th November, 5th December and 20th December) and four varieties (HS-490, VL-829, VL-892 and VL-907) in split plot design with three replications in silty clay loam, acidic soil, medium in available nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon and high in potassium. The growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, number of tillers m-2, number of grains tiller-1 and 1000-grain weight were significantly higher in 20th November sown crop during both the years. There was reduction in grain yield with delay in sowing after 20th November. The decrease averaged over two years was 15 percent in 20th October, 6.2 percent in 5th November, 19.5 percent in 5th December and 21.6 percent in 20th December crop. The early sown crop took more days for tillering, flag leaf, earing and maturity. Amongst varieties, VL-907 and VL-829 gave significantly higher values of growth and yield attributes during both the years. The DSSAT CERES- Wheat model performed well [high correlation coefficient (r), low root mean square error (RMSE) and low mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)] in simulating the days to anthesis (r=0.99 and 1.00; RMSE=3.4 and 3.5 days; MAPE=-0.9 and -1.7 %), physiological maturity (r=0.99 and 0.99; RMSE=3.2 and 3.6 days; MAPE=-1.3 and -1.3 %), leaf area index (r=0.91 and 0.83; RMSE=0.4 and 0.4; MAPE=-4.3 and -3.1 %), grain yield (r=0.76 and 0.82; RMSE=381 and 281 kg ha-1; MAPE=0.06 and 3.5 %), biological yield (r=0.89 and 0.98, RMSE=735 and 591 kg ha-1; MAPE=3.2 and -5.9 %) during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. The simulated days to anthesis and physiology maturity, LAI, grain and biological yield matched closely with observed values for all sowing environments. All crop characters in terms of days to attain anthesis and physiological maturity, grain and biological yield increased with all levels of projected CO2 concentration (i.e., 414, 522 and 682ppm in 2020s, 2050s and 2080s, respectively) among the dates of sowing and varieties. The number of days to attain anthesis and physiological maturity decreased, with all projected temperatures (viz., 1.3oC, 2.9oC and 5.2oC for the years 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively) alone and also in combination with at all levels CO2 concentration, for all the sowing dates and varieties. The decrease was also found in grain and biological yield. Delay in sowing of VL-829 & VL-907 varieties up to 20th December with increase in number of irrigations from two to five each at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 145 days after sowing increased grain as well biological yield under different climate change scenarios were simulated adaptive strategies obtained.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SITE SPECIFIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN WHEAT IN RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09) Seth, Meenakshi; Thakur, D.R.
    The experiment was conducted for a period of two years from Rabi (wheat) season of 2015-16 through Kharif (rice) season of 2017 at the Experimental Farm of CSK HPKV, Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan to study the response of site specific nutrient management in wheat in rice-wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments comprising combinations of five nutrient management practices i.e. recommended fertilizer dose (120:60:30 kg ha-1 NPK) with top dressing of nitrogen after irrigation; recommended fertilizer dose with top dressing of nitrogen before irrigation; fertilizer dose as recommended by software Nutrient Expert – Wheat (125:45:78 kg ha-1 NPK) with top dressing of nitrogen before irrigation, Nutrient Expert – Wheat guided fertilizer dose (70% nitrogen recommended by software and rest with green seeker technology) with top dressing of nitrogen before irrigation and N-rich plot which received 150% of recommended nitrogen with top dressing of nitrogen before irrigation with two tillage options i.e. conventional tillage and zero tillage tested in strip plot design, replicated three times. The soil of the experimental field was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in available N (425 kg ha-1), high in available P (40 kg ha-1) and medium in available K (230 kg ha-1). Results revealed that tillage options had no significant effect on the grain yield of wheat while significantly higher grain yield of rice was recorded in conventional tillage as compared to zero tillage. Nutrient management practices had significant effect on yield of wheat during second year (2016-17) as well as on pooled basis with significantly higher yield recorded in N-rich plot in which 150% of recommended nitrogen was added with top dressing of nitrogen before irrigation. The wheat yield recorded with the application of fertilizer dose recommended by software Nutrient Expert – Wheat for a target of 55 q ha-1 was considerably lower than the targeted yield indicating the need to improve/modify the software. Top dressing of nitrogen after irrigation gave better result than top dressing of nitrogen before irrigation though the differences were not significant. Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake was higher in conventional tillage over zero tillage in wheat and rice. Soil bulk density and soil fertility status (organic carbon, N, P and K) was higher in zero tillage than conventional tillage during both the years. Zero tillage resulted in higher net returns per rupee invested as compared to conventional tillage in both wheat and rice. Lower global warming potential was recorded with zero tillage over conventional tillage in both wheat and rice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIVERSIFICATION OF THE EXISTING FARMING SYSTEMS UNDER MARGINAL HOUSEHOLD CONDITIONS IN KANGRA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09-22) Meenakshi; Pathania, Pawan
    The farmer has to be assured of a regular income for a reasonable standard of living by including other enterprises and efficient management of on- and off-farm resources. Himachal Pradesh has limited scope of the extension of cultivated area, because of its topographic features; the only scope for the agriculture growth is increasing productivity of high cash crops and spread the pace of diversification with different agro climatic condition in the state. The present study was conducted in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh to characterize and diversify the farming systems. For characterization of farming systems, data were collected from 120 farmers selected randomly from 12 villages of four blocks namely, Baijnath, Kangra, Nagrota Bagwan and Nurpur. On enterprises based characterization, four types of farms were identified. These were crops+ livestock, crops+livestock+vegetables, crops+vegetables+bee keeping and vegetables+livestock. The large portion of farmers (marginal farmers) followed crops+livestock+vegetables farming system (65.83%) followed by crops+livestock (28.33%). Crops+livestock+beekeeing and vegetables+livestock farming systems were also adopted by the negligible percentage (0.83%) of the farm households. On an average, farmers of different categories (Marginal, small, medium and large) generally used higher seed rates of maize (27.57 kg/ha), wheat (111.11 kg/ha) and paddy (38.18 kg/ha) than the recommended one i.e. 20, 100 and 25 kg/ha, respectively and the average use of NPK in the form of urea and IFFCO was much lower than the recommended dose for all the crops. Twenty four on-farm trials were undertaken to harness the fruits of diversification during 2014-15 and 2015-16. The households were identified based on the benchmark survey already undertaken during 2012-13 under the aegis of On-farm Farming System Research Programme of AICRP-IFS. The benchmark survey results revealed that a net income under field crops alone, Field crops+dairy and crops+dairy+goat/sheep was ₹ 9230, ₹ 22465 and ₹ 20147/household, respectively. After two years of intervention, the income/household increased to ₹ 18696, ₹ 27175 and ₹ 28964, respectively. The intervention cost on field crops (Complete package of practices and vegetable seedlings), field crops + dairy (Package of practices, vegetable seedlings, mineral mixture supplementation and grading sieve) and field crops + dairy + goat/sheep (Package of practices, vegetable seedlings, mineral mixture supplementation and grading sieve) during the first year of study was ₹ 3281, 3599 and 3605/household, respectively. During the second year the corresponding intervention cost was ₹ 3212, 3465 and 4153/household, respectively. The study results inferred that the interventions at each aspect of crop and animal diversification increased the income of all the households. The sustainable diversified farming systems were seen highly profitable and the appropriate diversification of components increased the production per unit area and overall income of the farm.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION TILLAGE IN SOYBEAN-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-24) Rana, Khushboo; Singh, Janardan
    A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of tillage practices, organic manures and inorganic fertilizer doses on growth, development, yield, quality, soil parameters and economics of soybean and wheat crops in a system approach at Research Farm of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur from Kharif 2015 to Rabi 2016-17. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting of 3 tillage practices (zero tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage) and 2 organic manures (vermi-compost @ 5 t/ha and FYM @ 10 t/ha) in main-plots and 3 inorganic fertilizer doses (50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF) in sub-plots. The treatments were allocated randomly and replicated thrice. Significantly/numerically higher values of growth, development, yield attributes, yield, nutrient content and uptake and economics of soybean-wheat cropping system were recorded under conventional tillage, application of vermi-compost @ 5 t/ha and 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers, respectively. Weed count was significantly higher under zero tillage and 100 per cent recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers in soybean and wheat crops. NPK status in soil was improved under zero tillage, vermi-compost @ 5 t/ha and 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers, respectively. Significantly higher soil organic carbon content was also recorded under zero tillage. Conventional tillage, vermi-compost @ 5 t/ha and 100 per cent recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers proved to be the best treatments for higher productivity and profitability of soybean-wheat cropping system under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.