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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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Subject: Agriculture × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOEFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF BOTANICALS AGAINST INSECT- PESTS ON CAULIFLOWER
    (CSKHPKV, Palmpur, 13-01-17) GHOSH, PALLAVI; Sharma, Duni Chand
    Supercritical fluid extracts of eupatorium, melia and sarcococca were screened through technique-A (dry powder of botanicals replaced at every pressure) and technique-B (same dry powder used at subsequent pressures) at different pressures under laboratory for insecticidal activity. The higher insecticidal activity as well as extract yield were obtained using technique-A. The eupatorium extract obtained at 125 bar (LC50: 0.0055, 0.0040, 0.0004%) and melia (LC50: 0.0078, 0.0035, 0.0038%) and sarcococca (LC50: 0.0085, 0.0057, 0.0082%) at 100 bar pressure were found effective against B. brassicae, P. brassicae and P. xylostella, respectively and selected for the study on field evaluation against insect-pests of cauliflower, persistent toxicity and relative safety to predators. Based on different mode of entry of botanicals, the contact toxicity of azadirachtin was found to be the maximum followed by eupatorium extract. On the basis of stomach and both stomach and contact action, azadirachtin was highly efficacious followed by melia extract. Maximum antifeedancy was observed in azadirachtin (AC50: 0.0001, 0.0002%) followed by melia (AC50: 0.0078, 0.0107%), eupatorium (AC50: 0.0106, 0.0183%) and sarcococca (AC50: 0.0127, 0.0185%) against P. brassicae and P. xylostella. Similar trend was followed for repellent effect. Studies on variation in the insecticidal activity of eupatorium in different seasons and melia extract obtained from different drupe stages revealed that eupatorium extract of old leaves collected during summer and autumn season and melia extract of unriped drupes possessed maximum insecticidal activity. Bioefficacy studies conducted during three cropping seasons (2012-13 to 2014-15) at Experimental farm of Department of Entomology, CSK HPKV, Palampur revealed that among botanicals, azadirachtin (0.00045%) and melia (0.06%) were found most effective against all the tested insects and statistically at par with cypermethrin (0.01%). The order of effectiveness based on persistent toxicity value was cypermethrin > azadirachtin > melia (0.06%) > eupatorium (0.06%) > melia (0.03%) > sarcococca (0.06%) > eupatorium (0.03%) > sarcococca (0.03%). Studies on dissipation pattern of botanicals revealed the average recovery of 82.63 and 89.33 per cent of eupatorium and 88.04 and 89.63 per cent of melia through bioassay and LC MSMS was observed. The initial deposit of eupatorium, melia, sarcococca, azadirachtin and cypermethrin were 2.79, 2.80, 2.88, 2.07 and 3.13 ppm during 2014 and 2.92, 3.01, 3.01, 2.99 and 2.19 during 2015 with zero day waiting period for eupatorium, melia, sarcococca and azadirachtin and 1.89 days for cypermethrin, respectively. Studies on relative safety of botanicals for C. septempunctata showed that safety index was >16 in case of melia and eupatorium formulations, while for sarcococca it was >32 as compared to cypermethrin (1.52,1.23) for adults and grubs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SOIL – PLANT WATER DYNAMICS AND SOIL HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES UNDER GRAM-MAIZE CROPPING SEQUENCE
    (CSKHPKV, Palmpur, 31-08-16) DHIMAN, SHILVA; Dubey, Y.P.
    ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted at the farm of Department of Soil Science, CSKHPKV, Palampur during 2013-16 by taking gram-maize cropping sequence. There were three tillage treatments i.e. conservation tillage, conventional tillage and no tillage; and three nutrient management practices i.e. organic management, integrated management and RDF management (inorganic). Gram and maize was taken as main crops and wheat was grown with gram crop without any tillage practice i.e. integrated and RDF management. Aerobic and anaerobic composts were used in crop as soil application and for top dressing. The organic management with conventional tillage was found to be significantly superior with rest of the treatment combinations on yield attributes, symbiotic parameters and yield of gram in all the three years. The major constraints to grow gram at Palampur was the attack of root rot disease. The disease incidence was reduced through organic nutrient management with conventional tillage. The yield attributes and yield of maize was better in integrated management in first year and in organic management in second year. The conventional tillage in both the years registered significant impact on yield and yield attributes of maize. The yield and yield attributes was better in gram-maize cropping sequence than wheat-maize cropping sequence under integrated and RDF management. The protein and carbohydrate content of gram and maize in both seed and straw was found to be higher in organic management with conventional tillage. The nutrient content and uptake of nutrients was the highest in organic nutrient management with conventional tillage in all the crop growth stages in gram and at harvest whereas in maize it was the highest in integrated nutrient management with conventional tillage. The RLWC (Relative Leaf Water Content), LSC (Leaf Saturation Curve) and volumetric soil moisture content was recorded highest in organic management with conventional tillage in both gram and maize. All the physical properties except available water and SPR (Soil Penetration Resistance) were found to be higher in inorganic nutrient management with conventional tillage. The chemical properties i.e. pH, OC, total nitrogen and total phosphorus was found to be highest in organic nutrient management with conventional tillage whereas available N, P and K was found to be significantly higher in integrated nutrient management with conventional tillage in both surface and subsurface soil. The ammonical nitrogen in both surface and subsurface soil was found to be highest in inorganic nutrient management with conservation tillage whereas the nitrate nitrogen in both surface and subsurface soil was found to be higher in inorganic management with conventional tillage. The physical properties i.e. particle density, WHC (Water Holding Capacity), FC (Field Capacity), PWP (Permanent Wilting Point), AW (Available Water) and WSA (Water Stable Aggregates) were significantly and positively correlated with chemical and biological properties whereas SPR and ammonical nitrogen were negatively correlated. All the chemical properties were positively correlated with soil physical and biological properties except SPR and pore space. All the biological properties were positively and significantly correlated with physical and chemical properties except SPR, ammonical nitrogen and pore space. The physical, chemical and biological properties were generally positively correlated with each other except few parameters i.e. SPR, Ammonical nitrogen and pore space at both the depths.