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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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2020 - 20213
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Subject: Agricultural Biotechnology × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of cold stress on expression of invertase and calcium-dependent protein kinase genes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (Palampur, 2021-11-12) Shree, Bharti; Sharma, Kamal Dev
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food grain legume. Chickpea is sensitive to cold and suffers substantial yield losses due to cold stress. Invertases hydrolyse sucrose into glucose and fructose and play an important role in plant growth and development as well as plants’ responses to various stresses including cold. In addition to invertases, calciumdependent protein kinases (CDPKs) modify gene expression via transcription factors to achieve systematic plant growth/development and reaction to stresses. Information on invertases and calcium-dependent protein kinases as well as the role of these genes in stress tolerance/susceptibility in chickpea is unavailable. In this study, 19 invertase genes (11 cellwall invertase, one vacuolar invertase and seven alkaline/neutral invertase genes) and 31 CDPKs genes were identified in the chickpea genome. These genes were located on 7 chickpea chromosomes. A comprehensive analysis of invertase as well as CDPK genes and proteins were performed, including gene structure, mRNA structure, cis-acting elements in the promoter regions, phylogeny, evolutionary relationships, gene duplication events, protein structure, motifs, domains, physiochemical properties, sub-cellular localization and interactions of invertases as well as CDPKs with other proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that chickpea invertases were comprised of five major lineages whereas CDPKs had four lineages. The members within the same sub-groups shared conserved domains. Expression analysis revealed that all the invertase genes were functional in chickpea however, these genes expressed differentially in contrasting chickpea genotype under cold stress and Ascochyta blight infection. Expression analysis revealed that cell wall invertases were associated in cold tolerance whereas majority of the CaCDPK genes were involved in low temperature responses by tolerant as well as sensitive genotypes of chickpea. Invertase genes associated with Ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea were also identified. The study laid the foundation for unravelling the complexity of chickpea responses to cold and Ascochyta rabiei infection and develop protocols for mitigation of cold stress in chickpea.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENE NETWORKS INVOLVED IN COLD STRESS RESPONSE IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) ANTHERSVARMA
    (CSK HPKV Palampur, 2020-01-07) VERMA, ANNU; Chaudhary, H.K.
    Cold stress (CS) coinciding with the onset of the flowering in chickpea poses a major threat for realizing high productivity in northern hill regions of India. CS induces pollen sterility in chickpea leading to flower abortion and consequently low productivity. Some genotypes of chickpea, though agronomically inferior, tolerate cold and produce viable pollen leading to seed set even under cold stress. Changes in carbohydrate content in contrasting genotypes of chickpea were observed in the present study under CS wherein, the genotype ICC 16349 (cold tolerant) maintained normal carbohydrate pool whereas genotype GPF2 (cold susceptible) failed to do so. Not only carbohydrate content but enzymes of the carbohydrate pathway e.g. invertase, sucrose synthase, alpha and beta amylase showed greater activity in cold tolerant genotype. Under recovery period, the levels of carbohydrates as well as carbohydrate metabolism enzymes shifted towards normal with a few modifications. The expression of carbohydrate metabolism genes that is UDP glucose pyro phosphorylase like, ADP glucose pyro phosphorylase, Beta amylase3 and Beta amylase1 changed significantly under cold stress in the cold tolerant as well as cold susceptible genotypes. The expression level of Isoamylase3 and Isoamlyase3x2 was higher in leaves of cold susceptible genotype GPF2. Starch degradation was lower in ICC 16349 (cold tolerant) as compared to GPF2 (cold susceptible) as evident from expression of genes; Beta amylase3 and Beta amylase1 and glucan water kinase. The expression of starch synthase increased in theICC16349.The expression of ABA metabolism genes was higher in GPF2 and the expression of GA biosynthesis genes Gibberellin20oxidase1 and Gibberellin20 oxidase3 reduced in the anthers of ICC 16349 and GPF2 with the exception of Gibberellin20oxidase1 that enhanced in GPF2. A combination of 5µM Sucrose and 5µM GA was the best treatment for mitigation of cold under pot as well as field conditions as it showed marked increase in chlorophyll content, relative leaf water content, cellular respiration and reduction in electrolyte leakage in both the genotypes. The study has implications in the development of cold tolerant chickpea varieties and devise other appropriate strategies for mitigation of cold, thereby resulting in increased productivity of chickpea.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INTROGRESSION OF ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE GENES IN ELITE FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) BACKGROUND USING LINKED MOLECULAR MARKERS
    (CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2020-01-07) BANSULI; Kapila, R. K.
    French bean is one of the most important staple foods in many parts of the world, where it constitutes the main source of protein for human consumption. Several bacterial, fungal and viral diseases attack French bean and among these anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most widespread and severe. Many improved pencil type varieties developed are available for cultivation by the farmers of Himachal Pradesh, however most of these are susceptible to many prevalent races of bean anthracnose. Therefore, the present study was undertaken with the objectives of introgression of important bean anthracnose resistance genes in elite cultivars and validation of imparted resistance in the derivatives. Hybridisation between resistant genotypes, TO, TU, G 2333 and Cornell 49242, known to harbour bean anthracnose resistance genes, Co-4, Co-5, Co-42/Co-5/Co-7 and Co-2, respectively and elite cultivars, Arka Komal and Contender revealed a low and differential crossability rate (0-7.69 %) among gene donors and elite recipient parents as Arka Komal was more easily crossable with resistance gene donors as compared to Contender. Two most successful crosses, Cross Combination I (Arka Komal × TO) and Cross Combination II (Arka Komal × TU) were further advanced to generate F1, BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2 plants. Testing of hybridity of the resultant F1, BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2 plants/pods using gene linked SCAR markers (SY20 for Co-4 and SAB3 for Co-5) resulted in identification of 46 gene-positive BC2F2 plants of Cross Combination I and 36 of Cross Combination II. A total of 457 and 764 seedsof 46 and 36 selected gene-positive BC2F2 plants of Cross Combinations I and II, respectively were raised as progeny rows. Foreground selection with linked marker, SY20 and SAB3 in representative 10 plants of the each progeny revealed lack of segregation for the target gene Co-4 and Co-5 in 16 and 12 progenies of Cross Combinations I and II, respectively. Screening of progenies following detached pod and germinated seed dip methods using race 3 of C. lindemuthianum validated Co-4 and Co-5 imparted resistance in all the 28 BC2F3 progenies of 2 cross combinations. Agronomic evaluation of 16 Co-4 and 12 Co-5 gene-positive BC2F4 progenies for 8 qualitative traits and 9 quantitative traits identified AKTO 4, AKTO 5, AKTO 7 and AKTO 43 progenies of Cross Combination I and AKTU 19 and AKTU 33 of Cross Combination II as having better elite background. These can either be used as donors of resistance gene(s) for further introgression and gene pyramiding or can further be advanced following backcrossing to develop essentially derived variety of elite parent, Arka Komal.