Loading...
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
Browse
30 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Energetics and techno economic assessment of different paddy straw densification processes(CCSHAU, 2018) Hemant Kumar; Vijaya RaniIn India, a large portion of the residue is burnt on-farm primarily to clear the field for sowing of the succeeding crop. The burning of straw creates health, soil and environment hazards. From the total crop residue, cereal crops (rice, wheat, maize, and millets) contribute 70% while rice crop alone contribute 34%. Management of this huge amount of paddy straw becomes difficult for farmers. Many solutions are being tried to manage the paddy straw one of them is straw removal from field by making bales which can be easily handled and transported for animal feed, power generation, brick kiln etc. In the present study different densification process viz., using field baler after operation of stubble shaver with and without operation of hay rake. In third case loose straw was directly collected from field and baled by field baler in stationary mode. Further, full length straw and chopped by chaff cutter was used to make bale in hydraulic pressed type fixed stationary. In the study it was found that, if the harvesting of paddy is done by combine, then operating field baler after operation of stubble shaver and hay rake was most appropriate providing a maximum field capacity of 0.54 ha h-1, baling capacity 4.43 t h-1, volume compaction ratio of 5.26 with minimum time required of 0.44 h, man-h 3.57, energy of 102.65 MJ t-1 and cost of baling Rs 624 t-1. The scented variety of rice is mostly harvested manually for which the full length densification by a hydraulic press type fixed baler is appropriate with baling capacity 1.13 t h-1, maximum volume compaction ratio 6.87 and lowest cost of operation Rs 595 t-1. The transportation, storage become easy and safe with bales than loose straw. Maximum benefit was obtained with stationary baler for full length straw.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of ohmic heating on oil recovery from rice bran(CCSHAU, 2018) Ashwini S.C.; Garg, M.K.This study describes a new technological method for rice bran oil extraction. The method deals with the combined effect of ohmic heating and enzyme assisted aqueous oil extraction process (EAEP) on improvement of oil recovery from Rice bran. The experimental procedure consisted of following fundamental steps, i.e., wet grinding, enzymatic treatment, ohmic heating, aqueous extraction and centrifugation. The effect of ohmic heating parameters particularly electric field strength (EFS), end point temperature (EPT) and holding time (HT) on aqueous oil extraction procedure were investigated. Three levels of electric field strength (i.e., OH450V, OH550V and OH650V), three levels of end point temperature (i.e., 75, 85 and 95 °C) and three levels of holding time (i.e., 0, 5 and 10 min.) were taken as independent variables utilizing full factorial design. Percentage oil recovery from rice bran by EAEP alone and EAEP combined with ohmic heating had been 71 % and 73.59 % to 82 % respectively. The maximum oil recovery (82 %) was acquired when the sample was heated and maintained at 95 °C the usage of electric field strength of OH650V for a holding time of 10 min. The free fatty acid (FFA) of the extracted oil (i.e. in range of 1.89 to 2.24 %) was within the adequate limit of 3 % (oleic acid) and 0.5–3 % recommended respectively with the aid of PFA and BIS.ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of manually operated ridge vegetable planter(2016) Vinod Kumar; Vijaya RaniIndia is second largest producer of vegetables with vegetable production of 121.02 million tonne contributing 10.65% of world’s total vegetable production next only to China and it occupies first position in okra production. At this level of vegetable production, sowing or planting operations are one of the least mechanized operations in vegetable production. The availability of agricultural labourers and lower wages for agricultural labourer worsen the problem. Power operated planters pose limits on precision and control with which planting operation can be performed while keeping them affordable. Also, manual method of seed planting results in irregular seed to seed spacing and poor depth control of seed placement in addition to fatigue. Thus this study was undertaken to design, develop and evaluate a manually operated ridge vegetable planter. The manual ridge vegetable planter consisted of seed metering mechanism–a plastic (ABS) seed roller having the Anjul cells on its periphery, main frame, speed reduction unit, handle, seed tube and tyne. Roller tyres were mounted on two forks which were attached to the main frame. Seed metering mechanism received power from rear roller tyre. Seed tube with conical seed capturing funnel were provided to guide seed to the boot of tyne. Tyne was mounted on tyne bolt for intra-row spacing adjustment. At forward speed of travel 1.60 kmh–1, and at optimum 7 mm cell and 1.40 kmh–1 peripheral speed of seed roller, it was evaluated for okra planting. There was no seed damage caused by the planter. Effective field capacity of the planter was 0.046 hah–1 with field efficiency of 86.79%. No missing and multiple index was observed. The draft requirement of the planter was 4.4 kgf. Planting of okra seeds by developed planter resulted into net saving of Rs. 813 per hectare. The payback period and benefit cost ratio of the planter was 2.01 years and 1.56, respectively. The labour requirements with the developed planter was 21.73 man-hours per hectare saving 51.1% time of planting in one hectare area in comparisons to manual dibbling.ThesisItem Open Access Design, development and testing of modular metering mechanism for multi crop planter(CCSHAU, 2012) Chaudhary, Pooja; Bansal, N. K.India will have to produce 300 million tonnes of food grains to feed her 1.19 billion populations. Sowing technique is most important operation performed in agriculture because production mainly depends upon field emergence and initial crop establishment. Presently, different sowing machines are used for various crops like Bt. cotton planter, zero till machine for wheat and DSR machine for direct seeding of rice and it is not possible for a farmer to have different machines for sowing different crops. Therefore, tractor drawn multi-crop planter was designed, developed and evaluated having provision of sowing all major cereal crops, pulses and oilseeds at desired row to row as well as seed to seed spacing especially for paddy by direct seeding technique and Bt. Cotton. The developed ground wheel was of 380 mm diameter having provision of chain sprocket arrangement of power transmission through a designed gear box with varying speed ratio of 1.6 to 4.5 times reduction from ground wheel to seed metering plate. The diameter of seed metering plate was 140 mm with varying number of cells and cell size to suit recommended spacing of major crops. The speed reduction of ground wheel to fertilizer metering shaft is 2.3:1. The fertilizer hopper has inclinations for accomplishing easy emptying and better utilization of fertilizer from hopper to fertilizer box having vertical roller discs with eight cells in each disc. The two depth control levers and separate seed hopper and seed metering mechanism/attachment with six vertical roller discs having 8 cells each was provided for small seeded crops. The performance evaluation of developed prototype was carried out under field condition for Bt. cotton and direct seeding of rice. The effective field capacity of machine for both crops was 0.50 ha h-1 and 0.45ha h-1 respectively at an average forward speed of 3 km h-1 with time lost in turning of prototype 35 sec/turn and the corresponding field efficiencies were 61 per cent and 83 per cent respectively. The field emergence (No. of plants /10m furrow length) observed in Bt. cotton planter was 12-21 plants (7days after planting), 18-30 plants (15 days after planting) and 20-28 plants (21days after planting) in Bt. cotton crop whereas field emergence of 125-140, 135-155 and 140-150 plants 7DAS, 15DAS and 21DAS was recorded in DSR crop. The distribution of plants in row and crop response at field indicated that mean plant spacing observed was 48 cm and 10 cm with a quality of feeding index 77 per cent and 78 per cent respectively for Bt. cotton and DSR crop. The missing index and multiplying index recorded in Bt. cotton were 15% and 8% respectively, while, 16% and 6 % in DSR crop. The precision in spacing observed was 6.3 percent and 7.08 per cent in Bt. cotton and DSR respectively. The average plant height recorded 21 DAS in Bt. cotton and DSR was 15 cm and 13 cm respectively. The cost of operation calculated for Bt. cotton and DSR crop was Rs ha-1 700 and Rs ha-1 777 respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Mass transfer kinetics of aloe vera during osmo-convective dehydration(CCSHAU, 2012) Rushikesh; Garg, M. K.A study was undertaken on osmotic-convective and convective drying of aloe vera cubes to investigate mass transport process. Fresh aloe vera leaves were washed and cut into 15 × 15 × 15 mm cubes. These cubes were osmotically dehydrated in different concentration (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºBrix) and process temperature (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC) with syrup to fruit ratio (3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1 and 7:1) for 4 h duration of osmosis. Central composite rotatable design was used to analyse osmotic dehydration process. The osmosed and unosmosed aloe vera cubes were dried in heat pump dryer at 30, 40, 50 ºC and tray dryer at 50, 60, 70 ºC drying air temperatures. The effect of process parameters during osmotic dehydration such as duration of osmosis, sugar concentration and process temperature of syrup on mass reduction, water loss and sugar gain were studied. It was found that the mass reduction and water loss increased with increase of sugar concentration and process temperature while solid gain decreased with increase in sugar concentration and process temperature. It was found that osmosis as a pretreatment prior to convective air drying was able to decrease drying time. Drying curves were affected by the drying air temperature and osmotic dehydration as a pretreatment. Increase in the air temperature caused a decreased in the drying time. It was observed that drying rate increased with increase in drying temperature from 30°C (HPD) to 70°C (tray) and constant rate drying period was absent throughout the drying process of aloe vera cubes dried under all drying air temperatures. The moisture diffusivity varied in the range of 1.37E-08 to 4.56E-08 m²/s and 9.11E-09 to 5.18E-08 m²/s during convective drying of unosmosed and osmosed aloe vera samples depending on the drying air temperature. The values of rehydration ratio of conventionally hot air dried sample were higher than the osmo-convective dried aloe vera samples. The osmo-convective dehydrated samples were found more acceptable than convective dried ones. Air temperature and pretreatment as osmotic dehydration had a significant effect on sensory evalution.ThesisItem Open Access Salt and water dynamics in soil under drip irrigation system on cole crop(CCSHAU, 2012) Sharma, Parmod; Sanjay Kumarleaching of excessive salts, selection of salt tolerant crops, frequent application of water etc. Thus, a field experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the salt and water dynamics in soil under drip irrigation system on cabbage crop and to investigate the effect of frequency and salinity levels of irrigation water on cabbage. The residual moisture content in the root zone after 90 days of transplanting showed increasing trend with increasing level of salinity of irrigation water beyond ECiw 3 dS/m. Equal amount of water application coupled with information on residual moisture content in the rootzone suggested that cabbage plants utilized lesser amount of water with increasing level of salinity beyond ECiw 3.0 dS/m. In daily irrigation under saline water of ECiw 12 dS/m (F1S5), the ECe values after 90 days of transplantation increased by 206.4, 222.1, 244.4 and 264.1% on comparing with initial values in 0- 15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm layers, respectively. In alternate day irrigation under saline water of 12 dS/m (F2S5), the ECe values after 90 days of transplantation increased by 279.2, 262.7, 270.1 and 280.2% on comparing with initial values in 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm layers, respectively. In daily irrigation, harvesting was started early (60 days after transplanting) in canal water, saline water of ECiw 3 and 6 dS/m, whereas, in alternate day irrigation, it was in canal water and saline water of ECiw 3 dS/m. The date of first harvesting was also affected by the quality of irrigation water. Use of highly saline water (ECiw > 6 dS/m) resulted into delay of first harvesting by about 20 days as compared to the use of relatively good quality water suggesting that use of good quality and saline water in different parts of the fields may be effectively used to prolong the productive season of cabbage. In daily irrigation treatment, the relative yields obtained were 100.53, 90.75, 67.82, and 41.68 % in F1S2, F1S3, F1S4 and F1S5 treatments, respectively, as compared to the yield recorded in canal irrigation (F1S1). In alternate day irrigation treatment, the relative yields obtained were 100.8, 86.16, 60.30 and 28.63 % in F2S2, F2S3, F2S4 and F2S5 treatments, respectively, as compared to the yield recorded in canal irrigation (F2S1). Higher yield of cabbage under daily irrigation as compared to alternate day irrigation for different levels of salinity of irrigation water suggested the importance of high frequency of irrigation for the use of saline water.ThesisItem Open Access Performance evaluation of traveler irrigation system(CCSHAU, 2012) Jangra, Pardeep; Jhorar, R.K.Efficient irrigation can only be attained through controlled and uniform application of water and therefore, a lot of emphasis is being given for the adoption of pressurised irrigation systems. One of the latest pressurised irrigation systems, traveler irrigation system is being introduced in Indian farming conditions. Therefore, a study about traveler irrigation system was conducted at the RDS seed farm, CCSHAU, Hisar. The major objectives of the study were to evaluate the hydraulic performance of traveler irrigation system along the travel path and to identify the operational aspects of traveler irrigation system. The traveler irrigation system was operated at three speeds i.e. speed 1 (25.42 m h-1), speed 2 (52.00 m h-1) and speed 3 (82.94 m h-1). The average depth of water application was measured as 11.45, 8.12 and 5.95 mm for speed 1, speed 2 and speed 3, respectively. The average width of the wetted strip was 49.5 m for speed 1 and 2, and 50.0 m for speed 3. The water distribution/precipitation profile of the traveling gun was found to be of trapezium/trapezoidal shape. The coefficient of uniformity as well as depth of water application was lower in the start end area of the travel path as compared to the middle area. Maximum value of the coefficient of uniformity as well as distribution uniformity for different speeds was attained when 20 to 30 per cent overlap was assumed between the adjacent travel paths. To attain maximum uniformity of water application the tested traveler irrigation system should be operated at adjacent travel path distance of 35 to 40 m, when wind velocity is within 9.0 km h-1 and pressure at the gun is about 3.0 kg cm-2.ThesisItem Open Access Performance evaluation of solar tunnel dryer for round the year use(CCSHAU, 2012) Arjoo; YadvikaA study was conducted to evaluate performance evaluation of solar tunnel dryer for round the year use. In the present study, performance of solar tunnel dryer was evaluated at no load and at full load conditions. Full loading was done with garlic, chilli, fenugreek and aonla candy according to their seasonal availabilit y in Hisar. At no load performance was evaluated during three seasonsi.e summer, winter and autumn. At full load conditions moisture content versus time and drying rate versus moisture content relationships were determined. The drier reduces the moisture content of garlic from 63% to 70% (w.b.) to the required moisture level of 9% to 10 % (w.b.) in 8 t o 10 days and average thermal efficiency of drier was estimated to be 14.53%. Treatments were given to garlic and their effect on drying days were studied and results show that there were no significant difference in time of drying. During drying of chilli it was found that the chilli can be dried from an initial moisture content of 77% to 79% (w.b.) to the final moisture level of 7% (w.b.) in 6 to 7 days and average thermal efficiency was estimated to be 14.33%. In case of drying of fenugreek, during the month of January it was found that the fenugreek can be dried from an initial moisture content of 86% (w.b.) to 7.2% ( w.b.) in 5 days and average thermal efficiency of drier was estimated to be 17.63%. Similarly during drying of aonla candy, it was found that the aonla candy can be dried from aninitial moisture content of 44% (w.b.) to the required moisture level of 16% (w.b.) in 4 d ays and average thermal efficiency of drier was estimated to be 8.89%.Products dried were hygienic and their organolaptic evaluation showed that they were of good quality and highly acceptable. Economic evaluation was done and the money pay back period of STD was calculated as 1 yr 4 months.ThesisItem Open Access Development of a desiccant integrated solar dryer(CCSHAU, 2012) Nitesh; Yadav, Y.K.A desiccant integrated solar dryer was developed and its performance was studied under the climatic conditions of Hisar, India. The system consisted of flat plate solar collector, drying chamber and desiccant unit. Drying with solar heated air is satisfactory during sunshine hours and to continue this process through the night-time desiccant was integrated within the drying system. The desiccant was developed from 60% bentonite, 20% vermiculite, 10% CaCl2 and 10% cement. The regeneration studies of developed desiccant were carried out for moisture adsorption at 30°C and 96% RH for 144 h and moisture desorption at 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C and 80°C for 8 h. The maximum adsorption capacity of desiccant was 35.12% (db) and it was efficiently regenerated by solar energy. The dryer was operated in two modes sunshine hours and off-sunshine hours. During sunshine hours the hot air from flat plate solar collector was forced into the drying chamber and simultaneously the desiccant unit received solar radiations directly for regeneration. In off-sunshine hours, the dryer was operated by circulating the air inside the drying chamber through the desiccant bed by blower fan in a closed loop. Performance of desiccant integrated solar dryer was observed at three different air mass flow rates of 0.010 kg/s, 0.015 kg/s and 0.020 kg/s for day and night operations. In desiccant integrated solar dryer 10 kg of green peas were dried from initial moisture content of 75% (wb) to 5%(wb) in 18 h at air mass flow rate of 0.020 kg/s whereas in solar dryer without desiccant unit it took 30 cumulative hours as the drying continued for 2 sunshine days. The average collector thermal efficiency and dryer thermal efficiency were 62.18% and 52.21%, respectively at air mass flow rate of 0.020 kg/s. The pickup efficiency of dryer varied from 18.17% to 68.25% and specific moisture extraction rate of 1.4 kg/kWh at air mass flow rate of 0.020 kg/s. In the drying experiments it was observed that 68% of moisture was removed by hot air using solar energy and remaining by the desiccant material at air mass flow rate of 0.020 kg/s. The green peas dried in desiccant integrated solar dryer had higher overall acceptability and rehydration ratio as compared to drying in solar dryer without desiccant unit.