Loading...
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
Browse
38 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Energetics and techno economic assessment of different paddy straw densification processes(CCSHAU, 2018) Hemant Kumar; Vijaya RaniIn India, a large portion of the residue is burnt on-farm primarily to clear the field for sowing of the succeeding crop. The burning of straw creates health, soil and environment hazards. From the total crop residue, cereal crops (rice, wheat, maize, and millets) contribute 70% while rice crop alone contribute 34%. Management of this huge amount of paddy straw becomes difficult for farmers. Many solutions are being tried to manage the paddy straw one of them is straw removal from field by making bales which can be easily handled and transported for animal feed, power generation, brick kiln etc. In the present study different densification process viz., using field baler after operation of stubble shaver with and without operation of hay rake. In third case loose straw was directly collected from field and baled by field baler in stationary mode. Further, full length straw and chopped by chaff cutter was used to make bale in hydraulic pressed type fixed stationary. In the study it was found that, if the harvesting of paddy is done by combine, then operating field baler after operation of stubble shaver and hay rake was most appropriate providing a maximum field capacity of 0.54 ha h-1, baling capacity 4.43 t h-1, volume compaction ratio of 5.26 with minimum time required of 0.44 h, man-h 3.57, energy of 102.65 MJ t-1 and cost of baling Rs 624 t-1. The scented variety of rice is mostly harvested manually for which the full length densification by a hydraulic press type fixed baler is appropriate with baling capacity 1.13 t h-1, maximum volume compaction ratio 6.87 and lowest cost of operation Rs 595 t-1. The transportation, storage become easy and safe with bales than loose straw. Maximum benefit was obtained with stationary baler for full length straw.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of ohmic heating on oil recovery from rice bran(CCSHAU, 2018) Ashwini S.C.; Garg, M.K.This study describes a new technological method for rice bran oil extraction. The method deals with the combined effect of ohmic heating and enzyme assisted aqueous oil extraction process (EAEP) on improvement of oil recovery from Rice bran. The experimental procedure consisted of following fundamental steps, i.e., wet grinding, enzymatic treatment, ohmic heating, aqueous extraction and centrifugation. The effect of ohmic heating parameters particularly electric field strength (EFS), end point temperature (EPT) and holding time (HT) on aqueous oil extraction procedure were investigated. Three levels of electric field strength (i.e., OH450V, OH550V and OH650V), three levels of end point temperature (i.e., 75, 85 and 95 °C) and three levels of holding time (i.e., 0, 5 and 10 min.) were taken as independent variables utilizing full factorial design. Percentage oil recovery from rice bran by EAEP alone and EAEP combined with ohmic heating had been 71 % and 73.59 % to 82 % respectively. The maximum oil recovery (82 %) was acquired when the sample was heated and maintained at 95 °C the usage of electric field strength of OH650V for a holding time of 10 min. The free fatty acid (FFA) of the extracted oil (i.e. in range of 1.89 to 2.24 %) was within the adequate limit of 3 % (oleic acid) and 0.5–3 % recommended respectively with the aid of PFA and BIS.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative performance of evaporative cool chambers using alternative materials for storage of fruits and vegetables(CCSHAU, 2010) Yogender Singh; Yadav, Y.K.The investigations were carried out to study the comparative performance of evaporative cool chambers using alternative materials for storage of fruits and vegetables. Two evaporative cool chambers were constructed with the help of baked bricks. One of the evaporative cool chamber was filled with river bed sand whereas the other with rice husk ash. Temperature and relative humidty were recorded inside and outside the evaporative cool chambers for round the year use. It was found that for round the year average dry bulb temperature was 8.6ºC and 10.7ºC lower than ambient in evaporative cool chamber with river bed sand and in rice husk ash, respectively and the average relative humidty was by 53% and 57%, respectively higher than ambient. Low density polyethylene bags of thickenss 100 gauge (25 micron) with 1% perforation were also used in combination with these conditions for the storage studies. A comparative study was made for the storage of different fruits and vegetables inside the evaporative cool chambers and the ambient conditions and their physico-chemical parameters were observed at regular interval of time. The average cooling efficiency for round the year for evaporative cool chamber with rice husk was 14% higher than the evaporative cool chamber with river bed sand. Thus, the shelf life of the fruits and vegetables kept in these chambers increased substantially. The evaporative cool chambers extended the shelf life of fruits and vegetables by 2-3 times as compared to ambient. The evpaoriative cool chamber with rice husk ash was found more effective to retain the quality of fruits and vegetables. The evaporative cool chamber does not require mechanical or electrical energy input and can be constructed with locally available materials with unskilled labour, so the fruits and vegetables growers can use evaporative cool chamber with rice husk ash for short duration storage of horticultural produce.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study of performance parameters of combine harvesters(CCSHAU, 2010) Dinesh Kumar; Bansal, N.K.The investigation was carried out on the comparative study of performance parameters of combine-harvesters. The main objectives of the study were to compare the existing engine performance data with the results obtained from the test report released by testing institutes and to study the extent of labor, fuel and cost involved in testing the engine. Kirloskar engine (Model 6R-1080) used in three different makes of combine harvesters, was tested three times with combines at NRFMT&TI (Hisar) during different years. Although this model of engine was already tested at A.R.A.I.(Pune) as per the BIS codes. The average mean values of engine performance data, tested at NRFMT&TI (Hisar) were compared with the engine performance obtained at A.R.A.I. (Pune). Ashok Leyland engine (Model ALU-400) used in 22 different makes of combine harvesters was tested 22 times with combines at NRFMT&TI (Hisar) in different years. The testing performances of Ashok Leyland engines used in 22 different combines were compared on the basis of mean values of performance data. Four testing performance parameters of engine viz. power (kW), torque (N-m), fuel consumption (l/h) and specific fuel consumption (g/kW-h) were selected to compare the engine performance, as given in the engine test report of the combine harvester. Mean values of all the performance parameters in Kirloskar engines (Model 6R 1080) obtained under varying speed and varying loads in different testing institutes were similar. The percentages of variations in all the testing parameters were found to be very low in varying speed and varying load test. There was no significant effect on performance parameters of the engine tested during different periods and different testing institutes. So, there was unnecessary expenditure in conducting testing of Kirloskar engines (Model 6R 1080) again at combine testing institute with no fruitful contribution to the results already obtained at A.R.A.I.(Pune). Performance of all testing parameters in Ashok Leyland engines (Model ALU-400) obtained under varying speed and varying load tests were also similar. There was no significant effect on engine performance parameters in varying speed and varying load tests in engines tested during different periods, at NRFMT&TI (HISAR). Performance of all the testing parameters in Ashok Leyland engines (Model ALU-400) obtained in maximum power test and five hours rating test were similar. The percentages of variations in all the performance parameters were found to be very low in maximum power test and five hours rating test. There was non-significant difference in engine performance parameters under maximum power test and five hours rating test of engine tested during different periods, at NRFMT&TI (HISAR). Total cost of complete testing of engine of combine harvester, at NRFMT&TI (Hisar) observed was Rs. 1.38 lacs. Retesting of Kirloskar and Ashok Leyland engines used on combine harvesters, resulted in extra expenditure of Rs.1.38 lacs on testing and also unavoidable delays. Therefore this practice needs to be reviewed at the testing institute level to economize the cost of combine testing. Retesting of engines of combines at testing institutes may be discontinued to save time, labor, energy and money.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of moisture content on physical properties of coarse grain(CCSHAU, 2011) Pati, Rajeswari; Jain, SurjeetPhysical properties often required for designing the equipments for planting, harvesting and post harvest operations. Now-a-days, all developed and developing countries are boosting the production of coarse grain as its importance as a staple food in a diet. Some selected varieties of coarse grains viz. sorghum, pearl millet and maize developed in HAU were procured. Physical properties such as Sphericity, crushing load, thousand grain mass, bulk density, particle density, porosity, angle of repose, coefficient of internal friction and coefficient of external friction on three surfaces (Plywood, G.I. sheet, Concrete) and colour were measured for three moisture contents namely 10%, 14% and 18% d.b. The physical properties of sorghum with four varieties Cv. HC-308, HC-171, HC-260 and HJ-513; pearl millet with five varieties Cv. HHB-117, HHB-94, HHB-223, HHB-197 and HHB-67 and maize with four varieties Cv. 139x1011, 1040x1011, HM-7 and 3-4-8-6ER were determined and the results were written in the text. The regression analysis was done and prediction equations are given. The properties like Sphericity, crushing load, bulk density, particle density linearly decreased and the properties like thousand grain mass, porosity, angle of repose, coefficient of internal friction and coefficient of external friction linearly increased with increase in moisture content for all the varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of manually operated ridge vegetable planter(2016) Vinod Kumar; Vijaya RaniIndia is second largest producer of vegetables with vegetable production of 121.02 million tonne contributing 10.65% of world’s total vegetable production next only to China and it occupies first position in okra production. At this level of vegetable production, sowing or planting operations are one of the least mechanized operations in vegetable production. The availability of agricultural labourers and lower wages for agricultural labourer worsen the problem. Power operated planters pose limits on precision and control with which planting operation can be performed while keeping them affordable. Also, manual method of seed planting results in irregular seed to seed spacing and poor depth control of seed placement in addition to fatigue. Thus this study was undertaken to design, develop and evaluate a manually operated ridge vegetable planter. The manual ridge vegetable planter consisted of seed metering mechanism–a plastic (ABS) seed roller having the Anjul cells on its periphery, main frame, speed reduction unit, handle, seed tube and tyne. Roller tyres were mounted on two forks which were attached to the main frame. Seed metering mechanism received power from rear roller tyre. Seed tube with conical seed capturing funnel were provided to guide seed to the boot of tyne. Tyne was mounted on tyne bolt for intra-row spacing adjustment. At forward speed of travel 1.60 kmh–1, and at optimum 7 mm cell and 1.40 kmh–1 peripheral speed of seed roller, it was evaluated for okra planting. There was no seed damage caused by the planter. Effective field capacity of the planter was 0.046 hah–1 with field efficiency of 86.79%. No missing and multiple index was observed. The draft requirement of the planter was 4.4 kgf. Planting of okra seeds by developed planter resulted into net saving of Rs. 813 per hectare. The payback period and benefit cost ratio of the planter was 2.01 years and 1.56, respectively. The labour requirements with the developed planter was 21.73 man-hours per hectare saving 51.1% time of planting in one hectare area in comparisons to manual dibbling.ThesisItem Open Access Development of paddle operated Petha (ash gourd) pricking machine(CCSHAU, 2011) Shukla, Abhishek; Sharma, D.K.A study of optimization of a number of process variables namely needle diameter (1, 3 and 5 mm) sugar solutions of 50-70oB temperature range of 60-80oC and FTSR of 1:3 to 1:12 for the Petha (ash gourd) sweet manufacture was attempted. Response surface methodology was adopted for optimization of process variables. The effect of process variables were studied on solute gain, water loss, colour (L* value) and sensory scores. The needle with 3 mm diameter proved to be the best thickness needle. The optimum conditions generated by RSM were: temperature as 69.65oC, concentration as 50.0oB and FTSR as 1:4.10. The kinetics study was done on the optimum conditions and it revealed that moisture content decreased from 92.5 to 23.8% following a polynomial trend. TSS increased from 4.2 to 74% following a polynomial trend, total sugars increased from 3.6 to 73.9% following a polynomial trend, reducing sugars increased from 3.4 to 3.6% following a linear trend, non-reducing sugar increased from 0.2 to 70.3% following a polynomial trend, colour value decreased from 30.08 to 12.81 following a linear trend and sensory scores increased from 1.03 to 7.86 following a linear trend. A paddle operated Petha (ash gourd) pricking machine was designed, developed and tested. The designing criteria kept in mind were, the optimum diameter of pricking needles, ergonomic height of workstation for average height of both Indian men and women and the force considerations. The machine was successful in pricking 35 kilograms of ash gourd per hour with no damage to the fruit slices. The machine pricked Petha (ash gourd) sweet was excellent in sensory scores (7.86) and quality parameters (74% TSS, 73.9% total sugars, 70.3% non-reducing sugar, 3.6% reducing sugars and L*=12.81 as colour value). The economic analysis revealed 4 years of payback period and 0.477 as breakeven point.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of biogas slurry use for digestion of an admixture of kitchen waste and cattle dung(CCSHAU, 2011) Sunil Kumar; Yadav, Y. K.Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste and cattle dung was carried out in laboratory scale batch mode reactors in two phases. In the first phase, anaerobic digestion with different mixture of kitchen waste (KW) and cattle dung (CD) with 20% inoculum was carried out whereas in the second phase, anaerobic digestion of mixture of KW and CD with different concentration of inoculum was carried out. Five feedstock of which were made by mixing kitchen waste and cattle dung at different mixing ratios of 0:1 (P1R1), 1:3 (P1R2), 1:1 (P1R3), 3:1 (P1R4) and 1:0 (P1R5) were tested. The result showed that reactor P1R3 (50% KW + 50% CD) with kitchen waste and cattle dung ratio of 1:1 gave the maximum (21.3 l/kg of solid substrate) biogas with volumetric biogas production of 0.37 l/kg/d and methane yield of 0.092 m3/kg VS added with solid conversion efficiency of 142 ml/g TS and 162 ml/g VS added. After completion of first phase, the best mixture obtained was 50% KW + 50% CD (P1R3). In the second phase, this mixture was digested with different concentrations of inoculums viz. 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The maximum biogas yield was of (27.6 l/kg of solid substrate) observed in reactor P2R4 (50% KW + 50% CD with 25% inoculum) with volumetric biogas production of (0.48 l/kg/d) and methane yield of 0.085 m3/kg VS added with solid conversion efficiency of 127 ml/g TS and 145 ml/g VS added. Therefore, mixing ratio of 1:1 of kitchen waste and cattle dung was optimal for biogas yield, methane yield and solid conversion efficiency with 25% inoculum.ThesisItem Open Access Performance evaluation of bed planter for intercropping in castor(CCSHAU, 2011) Ajit Singh; Vijaya RaniIn India, the area and production of castor is 0.74 million hectares and 0.93 million tonnes, respectively. Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is most important oilseed crop of India due to the fact that its oil has diversified uses and has great value in foreign trade. The intercropping in castor is carried out on flat bed. Firstly, castor is sown manually or by pora method and the other pulse crops of short duration are inter-sowed by seed drill. The process of sowing castor which is done manually or by animals drawn sowing plough is very tedious and time consuming. Thus, there was a need to evaluate the feasibility of raised bed system for intercropping of pulse crop in castor over existing practice of intercropping. The different physical properties of the castor seed were determined for dry seed (5.9 %), seed soaked for 6 hours (25.8 %) and seed soaked and 12 hours (32.8 %). The average length, average width and average thickness were found to increase with increased moisture content. The values for spherecity and roundness were not close to 100 % and hence seed shape could be considered oval. The gravimetric properties of the castor seed as 1000 seed weight, single seed volume and bulk density increased as soaking hours increased from 0 to 12 hours. True density and porosity increased for first 6 hrs of soaking and then the values decreased when the hours of soaking further increased form 6 to 12 hours. The effective field capacity of planter was 0.50 ha h-1at average operating speed of 3.9 km h-1. The missing index, multiplying index and quality of feed index recorded for bed planter were 10.71 %, 1.19 % and 88.10%, respectively. Payback period of bed planter and seed drill were calculated were 1.51 and 0.58 year. Break-even points in hr per year were 44.75 and 25.85 in case of bed planter and seed drill. The plant stand obtained after 21days of sowing was higher for raised bed than flat bed by 24.33%, 23.33% and 24.33 % for castor intercropped with green gram, moth bean and cluster bean. Significant difference was obtained for plant height at 30, 45, 60 days and at primary spike for castor crop. The plant height was more for raised bed intercropping than flat bed intercropping for both castor and pulse crop. Number of capsules/spike, number of pods/plant, length of spike and length of pod were also higher for the raised bed intercropping than flat bed intercropping. Thousand grain and seed weight for pulse and castor obtained was higher for castor crop and for pulse crop on raised bed than flat bed. The yield (q ha-1) for pulse and castor obtained was 31.33 %, 29.77 % and 30.43 % higher for castor crop and 4.51 %, 5.2 % and 6.27 % for pulse crop, respectively on raised bed than flat bed.