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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Agronomic bio-fortification of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) through integrated nutrient management(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Arun; Parvinder KumarThe present investigation entitled “Agronomic bio-fortification of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) through integrated nutrient management” was carried out at the Research Farm Area, Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif 2022 containing 12 treatments i.e. T1: Control, T2: RDF (156.25:62.5:0) kg ha-1 N:P:K through inorganic source, T3: RDF + BIOMIX, T4: 50% RDN through inorganic source + 50% RDN through FYM + BIOMIX, T5: 50% RDN through inorganic source + 50% RDN through Vermicompost + BIOMIX, T6: 75% RDN inorganic source + 25% N through FYM+BIOMIX, T7: 75% RDN inorganic source + 25% N through vermicompost + BIOMIX, T8: RDF + 25 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 (soil application), T9: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 (foliar spray) at 25 DAS, T10: RDF + 0.5% FeSO4 (foliar spray) at 25 DAS, T11: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 at 25 DAS, T12: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 + BIOMIX. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. The crop was sown on 12 July, 2022 using pearl millet hybrid „HHB 67 improved‟. Among the treatments T12 (application of RDF (156.25 N, 62.5 P2O5 Kg ha-1) + foliar spray of 0.5 % solution of each ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at 25 DAS + BIOMIX) closely followed by treatment T11 (RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 at 25 DAS) was recorded with significantly higher grain yield (3002 kg ha-1), protein content (11.59 %), zinc content (67.47 ppm), iron content (73.48 ppm), net returns (₹ 25,716) and B:C (1.44), which were 7.1, 2.6, 5.7, 2.9, 9.4 and 4.3 per cent higher over RDF (156.25 N, 62.5 P2O5 Kg ha-1) might be due to significantly higher growth parameter viz., plant height (191.67 cm), leaf area index (2.67), number of effective tiller plant-1 (4.05), ear head length (23.37 cm), test weight (10.90 g). So, to get higher yield, economic return and better quality, pearlmillet growers may go for integrated nutrient management using RDF (156.25 N, 62.5 P2O5 Kg ha-1) + foliar spray of 0.5 % solution of each ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at 25 DAS + BIOMIX.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae and phosphorus levels on soil properties and yield of wheat in Aridisol and Inceptisol soils of Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Aarti; Sheoran, Hardeep SinghA screen house experiment entitled “Impact of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae and phosphorus levels on soil properties and yield of wheat in Aridisol and Inceptisol soils of Haryana” was carried out during Rabi season 2022-2023 in Screen House, Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. A pot experiment was conducted using wheat (WH-1105) as test crop and a total of 16 treatments with four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 45 and 60 kg/ha), each with and without VAM inoculation. The experiment was laid out in three factorial CRD design with three replications. In both light and heavy soils, among different levels of applied phosphorus, 60 kg/ha phosphorus application recorded highest value for grain yield (11.51g/pot), straw yield (13.08 g/pot), NPK uptake in grain (182.0, 65.7, 63.5 mg/pot, respectively), and straw (72.3, 28.7, 178.4 mg/pot, respectively), alkaline phosphatase activity (221.22 µg PNP/g soil/h) and dehydrogenase activity ( 68.55 µg TPF/g of soil/24 h). However, available N and K content in soil after wheat harvest showed a declining trend, while P concentration increased with increase in phosphorus levels. With VAM inoculation percent increase in grain yield (6.24), straw yield (4.42), N uptake in grain (12.22), and straw (15.86), P uptake in grain (14.90), and straw (19.00), K uptake in gran (12.39), and straw (10.39), alkaline phosphatase activity (8.01) and dehydrogenase activity (6.84) showed an increasing treand as compared to uninoculated. The combine application of phosphorus and VAM had more beneficial and significant effect over alone application of P or VAM in improving wheat yield and soil physico chemical and biological properties. VAM has significant effect in improving the availability of micronutrients (especially Zn and Fe), which have antagonistic effect with phosphorus. Soil chemical properties like pH, EC and soil organic carbon were not significantly affected by their combined application. However VAM, significantly improved the soil physico-chemical properties. The maximum value of grain and straw yield was recorded by application of P @60 kg/ha along with VAM inoculation (11.82g/pot), which was found to be at par with grain yield of applied P@45 kg/ha with VAM inoculation (11.74g/pot). Overall it can be concluded that heavy soils applied with 45 kg/ha phosphorus with VAM performed best in respect to yield and improving soil chemical and biological properties of soil.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular Screening of maize genotypes for lysine, tryptophan and β-carotene using functional markers(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07) . Kunal; Yashveer, ShikhaMaize is the 3rd most significant cereal crop after wheat and rice with high nutritional value. But it is deficient in certain nutrients like essential amino acids lysine, tryptophan and β- carotene. Presence of recessive allele opaque-2 linked with SSR markers umc1066, phi112, phi057 leads to high lysine and tryptophan content. Similarly, presence of crtRB1 gene linked with crtRB1 marker increase β-carotene content. Therefore, this study was aimed to screen opaque-2 and crtRB1 genes in 25 maize inbred lines using these functional markers. These maize inbred lines were grown in greenhouse and DNA was isolated using CTAB method. PCR was performed using umc1066, phi112, phi057 and crtRB1 markers.In addition to this thirty one more markers were used for genetic diversity analysis. Analysis of PCR products was done using UV gel documentation system. Genetic diversity analysis was performed using NTSYS-pc software and high degree of polymorphism was found ranging from 0.37-0.80 and heterozygosity ranging from 0.49 to 0.84. Biochemical estimation of lysine, tryptophan and β- carotene content was done using maize flour. The relation between the amplicon size of PCR product and biochemical estimated content was drawn. It was found that the inbred line LM-17 with the favourable allele 153bp using phi112, 144bp using umc1066, 157bp using phi057 had the highest lysine and tryptophan content. The inbred line HKI-327T with favorable allele (296+543) using crtRB1 marker had the highest β-carotene content (19.86 ppm). The best possible combination is using the LM-17 inbred line because it is having highest lysine content (0.44%) and high tryptophan content (0.20%). In the similar way to increase β-carotene content, HKI-327T is a promising donor line having the highest β carotene content that can be utilized in marker-assisted breeding for introgression of trait for enhanced provitamin A into agronomically superior lines by tracking the favourable alleles. The pyramiding of both these genes with other genes responsible for enhancing the nutritional value of elite maize varieties can provide a novel strategy for biofortification programmes. Thus, this study helps to pave the ways to combat the problem of nutritional deficiency and hidden hunger.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nano urea on sorghum for sustainable fodder production(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07) Sachin Kumar; Naveen KumarA field experiment entitled “Effect of nano urea on sorghum for sustainable fodder production” was conducted during kharif season of 2022 at Forage Research Farm, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design keeping three replications with 11 treatments consisting of nitrogen fertilizer combinations i.e. T1: Control (No RDN), T2: 100% RDN by urea fertilizer (75 kg), T3: 100% RDN (100% through nano-urea in three sprays at 15, 30 and 45 DAS), T4: 100% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in one spray at 30 DAS), T5: 100% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in two sprays at 30 and 45 DAS), T6: 75% RDN (Through nano-urea in three sprays at 15, 30 and 45 DAS), T7: 75% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in one spray at 30 DAS), T8: 75% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in two sprays at 30 and 45 DAS), T9: 50% RDN (Through nano-urea in three sprays at 15, 30 and 45 DAS), T10: 50% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in one spray at 30 DAS), T11: 50% RDN (50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano-urea in two sprays at 30 and 45 DAS). There was significant difference among treatments in respect of growth, quality, green and dry fodder yield of single cut forage sorghum. The maximum plant height (248.4 cm), number of leaves (14), leaf: stem (0.29), dry matter accumulation (153.62 g), leaf area index (7.55), crude protein (9.23%), N (1.48%), P (0.217%) and K (1.30%) content in plant, HCN content (72.5 µg/g), per day productivity (6.23 q/ha), green fodder yield (541.9 q/ha), dry fodder yield (144.1 q/ha), gross returns (₹ 81,292), net returns (₹ 41,167) and B: C (2.03) were recorded with the application of 100% RDN by urea fertilizer (75 kg) as followed by 100% RDN: 50% as basal by urea fertilizer + 50% through nano urea in two sprays at 30 and 45 DAS.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on effects of probiotic bacterial fermentation on antinutritional glycosides of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Veena; Ravi KumarFaba bean is protein rich, however, due to the presence of favism causing agents, vicine and convicine, its utility is hindered. The present study was undertaken to estimate the effects of probiotic bacterial fermentation on antinutritional glycosides of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) In order to use vicine standard for estimation of vicine and convicine and fermentation, it is isolated from faba bean flour by ethanol. Purified and fermentation of faba bean flour was done by LAB (Lactobacillus brevis) at varied concentrations of antinutritional glycosides by adding the isolated vicine and convicine. To study the effect of Lactobacillus brevis fermentation, nutritional profile of fermented faba bean i.e., total phenols, tannins and saponin contents were also estimated. With increase in concentration of extracted glycosides total phenols content was increased, tannins were decreased and saponins were completely lost. Identification of probable degradation products/metabolites was done by using LC-MS/MS technique. Oxidized divicine and isouramil are the probable degradation metabolites of antinutritional glycosides after fermentation. MAJOR ADVISOR SIGNATURE OThesisItem Open Access Optimization of nitrogen in semi dwarf Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under late planted conditions(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Vishant; Amit KumarA field experiment on rice crop was conducted at RRS, Kaul (Kaithal) of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif season of 2022 to find out optimum dose of nitrogen in rice under late planted condition for getting good yield. Soil of experimental field was sandy clay loam texture, alkaline in reaction (7.81), low in organic carbon (0.39%), available nitrogen (130 kg ha-1) and medium in available phosphorous (24 kg ha-1) and high in available potash (480 kg ha-1). The experiment consisted of two transplanting dates (P1: 1st week of July and P2: 4th week of July), five levels of N application (N1:0, N2:30, N3:60, N4:90, N5:120 kg N ha-1). Experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design. The growth parameters viz. plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2 and dry matter accumulation (g) were reduced significantly under late planting (P2) but grain quality parameters viz. protein content of grain (%) and head rice recovery (%) improved significantly under late planting. The crop yield attributes (no. of panicles m-2) and grains per panicle) and grain yield of rice crop were reduced significantly under late transplanting. Uptake of N, P and K by grains and straw were significantly higher with early planting. The yield attributes and yield (grain and straw) of the rice crop increased with every successive increased doses of N level whereas the response was significant up to 90 kg ha-1. Interaction between planting time and N levels was found significant in respect of grain yield which revealed that a dose of 90 kg ha-1 was sufficient in rice crop transplanted timely (1st week of July) whereas the late transplanted crop (4th week July) must be supplied with higher dose of N (120 kg ha-1) to get good yield. Higher yield was, however, obtained with timely transplanted crop (1st week of July) supplied with 90 kg of N ha-1 in three splits.ThesisItem Open Access Development of utility software for cost estimation of building a house(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Swati; Kiran SinghUndertaking a construction project can be an immense and intricate process, often leaving individuals feeling overwhelmed by its complexity. In an effort to simplify matters for them, a research study was designed with two objectives: to assess the potential challenges involved in building a house and to develop user-friendly utility software for estimating the costs of house construction. This study was conducted in the districts of Karnal and Hisar. A sample of 60 respondents was selected from individuals who were planning to start construction of new house, with 30 respondents from each district. The analysis was made for the potential challenges faced by these individuals during the house construction process. To address these challenges, a software application was created using the "Java" programming language. The development of this software involved conducting comprehensive market and internet surveys and seeking feedback from experts in the field. The final result was an application that was easy to use and navigate. Data for the study were collected using a pre-tested structured interview schedule. The researchers drew inferences from the collected data based on frequency, percentage, and weighted mean scores. The feedback received from the respondents indicated the usefulness of the software in assisting them with cost estimation. The research suggested development of similar applications for the public as well as general masses and recommended efforts to be made for making this software widely available in the market to facilitate ease and convenience for users.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic divergence, correlation and path coefficients studies in Tulsi (Ocimum spp.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06-09) Vijay Kumar C. Talawade; Krishan KumarThe present investigation comprising of 40 Tulsi (Ocimum spp.) genotypes received from ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi were grown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications in the Research Area of Medicinal, Aromatic and Potential Crops Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif 2022. The observations were recorded for 10 qualitative and 17 quantitative traits. The 40 Tulsi genotypes were characterized into different categories for each of the qualitative trait. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of sufficient amount of genetic variability for all the 17 quantitative traits studied. The GCV and PCV estimates were high for dry herbage yield (47.31% and 47.74%), seed yield (47.21% and 48.17%) and number of spikes per plant (47.18% and 47.35%), respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of spikes per plant, 1000 seed weight, fresh herbage yield, dry herbage yield and oil content. Seed yield per plant showed highly significant and positive correlation with number of spikes per plant (0.507** and 0.501**), 1000 seed weight (0.471** and 0.459**), number of flowers’ whorls per spike (0.455** and 0.396**), seedling length (0.291** and 0.264**) and fresh herbage yield per plant (0.262** and 0.257**) at both genotypic as well as phenotypic level, respectively. Path coefficients analysis revealed that the maximum positive direct effect was exhibited by seedling length (0.582) followed by 1000 seed weight (0.487), number of spikes per plant (0.371), number of primary branches per plant (0.292), fresh herbage yield per plant (0.292), seed vigour index-II (0.232) and number of flowers’ whorls per spike (0.209). The 40 Tulsi genotypes were grouped into 10 different clusters indicating the presence of genetic divergence among different genotypes. The maximum intra-cluster distance was recorded for cluster 7 and maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster 2 and cluster 10. Relative contribution of different traits towards genetic diversity revealed that 1000 seed weight (41.41%) contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by number of spikes per plant (17.31%), fresh herbage yield per plant (13.46%) and oil content (10.77%). Based on the maximum mean performance for seed yield, number of primary branches, fresh as well as dry herbage yield, oil content and seed vigour index-I & II, the genotypes EC 338772, EC 388890 and IC 326732 may be exploited in the breeding programmes to develop the improved cultivars of Tulsi for higher seed yield, oil content and other economically important traits.ThesisItem Open Access Educational and occupational mobility among rural families of Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Preeti; Vinod KumariSocial mobility is movemnet of people within a structure of social stratification or hierarchy. The face of society a thousand years ago was vastly different from what we are familiar with it today. Education is thought to be directly related to occupation, combining education and occupation allows us to determine whether education promotes occupational mobility or vice versa. The present study was conducted in the two districts of Haryana, Fatehabad from highly developed districts and Jhajjar from low-developed districts using the criteria of the agricultural composite index of development. (Ohlan, 2013) and the total sample size was 120 active heads of the family. Socio-personal and economic profiles of respondents revealed that more number of respondents were from the age group of 36-50 years (41.7%), general caste (41.7%), educated upto graduate and above (50.8%), engaged in services (49.2%) and married (83.4%). Analysis of intergenerational occupational and educational mobility revealed that respondents were found mobile from their parent‟s occupation or educational status and it was found significantly associated with age, caste, education, occupation and landholding. The inheritance among different pairs of generations showed the highest rate of inheritance of education (80 %), followed by rate of inheritance of occupation (60%) between respondents, fathers and their grandfather‟s education level. Area wise differentiation among various perceptions of educational and occupational mobility was observed in Fatehabad and Jhajjar. Regarding the level of perception of respondent‟s occupational and educational mobility most of the respondents had a moderate level of perception, it is concluded that the respondents from Jhajjar had higher educational and occupational statuses compared to respondents from Fatehabad. This observation could potentially be attributed to the proximity of Jhajjar to the national capital and the majority of respondents tried to raise their status through education and change in occupation through government services. Efforts are needed to diversify occupational prospects in agricultural through the establishment of cottage and small scale industries in order to provide greater job opportunites in agricultural and allied sectors.
