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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Drudgery Reducing Technologies and Changes in Life of Farm Women: A Sociological Analysis
    (CCSHAU, 2022-09) Meenu Singh; Vinod kumari
    The present study entitled “Drudgery Reducing Technologies and Changes in Life of Farm Women: A Sociological Analysis.” was carried out with the objectives to identify the drudgery reducing technologies, their knowledge and adoption among farm women and as well as their impact on the life of farm women. The study was carried out Haryana state in two districts Hisar and Mahandragarh with a sample size of 320 respondents. A well framed questionnaire and interview scheduled was followed to conduct the study. The socio-economic profile of respondents indicated that an overwhelming majority was married, in age group of 31-40 years, having small landholdings (2.6-5.0 Acres) and medium level of socio-economic status. About half of the respondents in both the districts were having low level of mass media exposure. A total 10 drudgery reducing farm technologies and 10 drudgery reducing household technologies were identified for investigation. More number of respondents in Hisar district were having high overall knowledge (61.3%) about drudgery reducing farm technologies as compared to Mahendergarh (25.0%). Regarding household technology, more than half of the respondents (52.5%) were having moderate overall knowledge about household technology. Women farmers in Hisar district were having high level of extent of adoption (64.4%) of drudgery reducing farm technologies as compared to those in Mahendergarh (25.0%). Majority of respondents (91.2%) in both the districts revealed that the technologies helped them in reducing time and efforts. About two-third of the respondents from both districts also reported that the technologies reduced muscular fatigue and pain and provided comfortable working postures. Regarding overall impact of the drudgery reducing technologies, 37.8% women reported high impact level of farm technologies followed by moderate (34.7%) and low (27.5%) while in case household technologies, 37.5% women reported high impact followed by moderate (32.5%) and low (30.0%). It was found various socio-economic variables were having significant association with knowledge, adoption and impact of drudgery reducing technologies. Lack of freedom in decision making, technologies in purview of men and financial constraints were the factors that worked as a barrier in adoption of drudgery reducing technology. It was concluded that keeping in view the benefits of drudgery reducing technologies to farm women there is need to enhance their knowledge with training/intervention for more adoption of these technologies in future.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of mineral solubilizing bacteria and fly ash application on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop
    (2022-08) Savita Rani
    Coal is a predominant source of global energy and contributes about 38% of the total energy production worldwide. Fly ash is one of the by-products generated in thermal power plants. Fly ash has been shown to have the potential to improve soil as well as crop health. Efforts are being made to study its compatibility with soil microflora by incorporating in soil in certain fixed proportions. Fly ash application along with mineral solubilizing bacteria can be explored to cut down the use of chemical fertilizers for achieving high crop productivity. Fly ash used in present investigation had grey color, sandy texture, alkaline pH, with trace amount of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron. A total of 75 bacterial isolates were retrieved from fly ash contaminated soil by dilution and plating, out of which 21 bacterial isolates (MSB1-MSB21) exhibited zone of clearance on Pikovskaya’s, modified Aleksandrov and Zinc minimal medium. Maximum solubilization index for isolate MSB1 and MSB2 was 4.60 and 4.94 for phosphorous, 3.23 and 4.13 for potassium and 4.32 and 4.71 for zinc respectively. All twenty one MSB isolates were found to be IAA producers in the range of 0.12-9.82 μg/ml. Thirteen MSB isolates showed HCN production and five isolates were observed as siderophore producers. On the basis of biochemical characterization and partial 16S rDNA sequencing, the isolate MSB1 exhibited 98.28% similarity with Bacillus safensis strain FO-36b and isolate MSB2 was showing 99.68% similarity with Brevundimonas vesicularis strain Busing. The viable count of bacterial isolate MSB2 in nutrient broth amended with fly ash increased with increase in fly ash from 0.5 to 3.0% and decreased with further increase in fly ash concentration upto five percent. Maximum viable count of MSB2 was observed as 8.68 log cfu/ml at 3% fly ash concentration after 72h of incubation. Similarly, the bacterial isolate MSB2 survived in soil amended with 3% fly ash concentration with viable count 7.83 log cfu/g after 72h of incubation that decreased with increase in fly ash concentration and incubation time. Under pot house conditions, fly ash amendment in soil at 3% concentration and wheat seeds treated with culture of MSB2 resulted improved plant growth in terms of shoot weight, root weight and yield in terms of no. of seeds, no. of spikes, no. of tillers and seed weight in comparison with control. According to the findings of this study, fly ash (3%) combined with mineral solubilizing bacterium can be used to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer for achieving high crop yield
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A comparative study of forecast models for sugarcane yield prediction of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-11) Sanjeev; Bhardwaj, Nitin
    Crop yield prediction is one of the most difficult issues in precision agriculture, and numerous models have been proposed. Because agricultural production is affected by a variety of factors such as climate, weather, soil, fertilizer, and seed variety. The most commonly used features in these models are temperature, rainfall, and soil type. Crop yield forecasting plays an important role for decision-makers at the national and regional levels. An accurate crop yield forecast model can help farmers decide what to plant and when to plant. Furthermore, as agricultural trade expanded and transportation infrastructure improved, farmers adopted a more business-like mindset and stopped viewing themselves as subsistence units. The study developed and compared the accuracy of sugarcane yield prediction models such as ARIMA, ARIMAX, ANN, NARX and Hybrid (ARIMA-ANN, ARIMAX-ANN) for the Karnal, Ambala, Kurukshetra, Yamunanagar, Panipat districts and Haryana as whole. The development of various models made use of time series data on sugarcane yields as well as fortnightly weather data on average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature, and accumulated rainfall over the crop period for Karnal, Ambala and Haryana from 1966–1967 to 2014–15, Kurukshetra, Yamunanagar, and Panipat from 1972–1973 to 2014–15. The yield data period from2015-16 to 2019-20 has been used to check the validity of the fitted models for sugarcane yield. The statistical modeling approaches viz., stepwise multiple linear regression, ARIMA, ARIMAX, ANN, NARX and Hybrid (ARIMA-ANN, ARIMAX-ANN) were applied for the study. ARIMAX and NARX models were developed to predict sugarcane yield for selected districts and Haryana using weather variable selected from stepwise multiple linear regression. Finally, forecast performance(s) of the fitted models were observed in terms of percent relative deviation, root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error of sugarcane yield forecasts from observed yield(s). Hybrid (ARIMA-ANN, ARIMAX-ANN) models performed well with lower error metrics as compared to the other fitted models. Five-steps ahead forecast figures i.e. 2015-16 to 2019-20 favored the use of Hybrid models to obtain sugarcane yield forecasts in all selected districts and Haryana under study. Empirical evidence from this study confirms that the Hybrid models can produce reliable forecasts. Therefore, developed forecast models are capable of providing reliable estimates of sugarcane yield well in advance while yield estimates given by state department were obtained quite later.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf and seed extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) for catalytic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Moond, Monika; Sushila Singh
    The present study was undertaken for the synthesis of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and leaves extract mediated silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antioxidant, antimicrobial and catalytic activities. Proximate composition and chemical parameters viz. moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, total carbohydrates, minerals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn), tannins and alkaloids were analyzed in seeds and leaves of Fenugreek. Phytochemical parameters viz. total phenolic content, total flavonoids, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars in seeds and leaves were extracted with three solvents namely aqueous, methanol and acetone. The aqueous extract of Fenugreek seeds and leaves contained adequate amount of phytochemicals which act as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent for Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Several physico-chemical parameters such as effect of extract amount, effect of AgNO3 concentration, effect of temperature, effect of pH, effect of reaction time were optimized for the efficent synthesis of silver naoparticles. Optimized conditions for biosynthesis were found as; reaction mixture containing seed extract (2mL) or leaves extract (0.2 mL) in 25 mL of 1mM AgNO3 solution at 45ºC temperature and neutral pH. Reaction mixture was incubated for 48 hrs for FS-AgNPs and 24 hours for FL-AgNPs in dark condition to ensure the compete reduction of Ag+ ions. Characterization of Biosynthesized nanoparticles was done using several techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Particle size analyzer (PSA), FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, SAED, FTIR and XRD to examine the size, shape and morphology of silver nanoparticles. Size of synthesized AgNPs were in the range of 10-60 nm, most of them were spherical shape, monodisperse and crystalline in nature having FCC lattice. Antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging activity), antimicrobial activity using agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus auerus, Xanthomonas spp., Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum were compared with crude plant extract. Biosynthesized AgNPs showed enhanced bilogical activity. AgNPs were found to have appreciable catalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol with rate constant 0.1075 min-1 and 0.1398 min-1 for FS-AgNPs and FL-AgNPs, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of sowing time, leaf cuttings and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of Beet leaf (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Vivek; Tehlan, S.K.
    The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Research Farm of the Department, Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of sowing time, leaf cuttings and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of beet leaf. The experiment was laid out in a Split-Split Plot Design with 27 treatment applications comprised of three sowing dates (22th October, 05th November and 20th November) as main plots, three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (60, 80 and 100 kg N/ha) as sub plots and three levels of leaf cutting (no leaf cutting, one leaf cutting and two leaf cuttings) as sub-sub plots replicated thrice. Morphological parameters like plant height, leaf number, leaf dimensions were recorded significantly higher in 22th October crop with application of 80 kg N/ha and one leaf cutting, as compared to other levels. Phenological parameters like days to 50 % bolting and seed maturity was recorded significantly higher in 22th October crop with application of 100 kg N/ha and two leaf cuttings, as compared to other levels. Yield contributing parameters viz., number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, seed yield per hectare and biological yield along with quality parameters viz., test weight, germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour indices were recorded highest in 22th October crop with 80 kg N/ha and one leaf cutting, as compared to other levels. Further, the interaction of sowing time, nitrogen level and leaf cutting significantly affected almost all the growth, yield and seed quality parameters. The highest BC ratio (1.71 and 1.75) with net returns (INR 118668/ha and INR 126462/ha) was observed in beet leaf crop sown on 22th October with application of 80 kg N/ha & one leaf cutting. In the end, it is concluded that for achieving the higher yield, better seed quality and net profit, the beet leaf crop may be sown on 22th October with application of 80 kg N/ha and one leaf cutting.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular diversity and stability analysis for seed yield and its components in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Panchta, Ravish; Pahuja, S.K.
    Molecular diversity analysis was carried out to identify adaptable and stable genotypes of cluster bean for non-conventional season. A set of 25 cluster bean genotypes comprising released varieties and elite lines was evaluated under eight environments containing two locations Dry land research area Hisar and RRS Bawal. The experiment was conducted during summer and kharif seasons of years 2019 and 2020 in RBD with three replications. The sowing of summer crop was done during first week of March and kharif crop was sown between second fortnights of June to first week of July. In general, genotypes responded differently for various traits under different production systems. Morphological characterization of the genotypes was done based on eight qualitative characters. HG 6 was found shortest, early flowering and early maturing genotype. Seed yield per plot, number of cluster per plant and biological yield of HG 2-20 was found highest. Highest gum content was found in HG 3-52 while, HG75 was found least susceptible against bacterial leaf blight intensity. Clusters per plant, pods on main stem, pod length, branches per plant, biomass per plot, plant height, 100 seed weight and days to maturity towards seed yield while, ADF content, silica content and protein content towards BLB disease intensity were found to be important characters for cluster bean improvement. The G X E interaction was analyzed following two models i) Eberhart and Russell‘s (1966) and ii) AMMI (1997). The mean sum of squares due to genotype x environment interaction were significant for number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, pod length, number of branches per plant, harvest index, total clusters, protein content and seed yield per plot. Genotypes, RGC 1066 for seed yield per plot whereas, for gum content, HG 2-20, HG 870, HG 563, HG 365, HG 3-52, HG 6, HG 100, X-10, GG-1, RGC 1066, RGC 1033 were found suitable for all environments. Similarly, for low BLB intensity 17 genotypes were found suitable for all environments. According to AMMI biplot analysis, HG 100, RGC 1038, RGC 1066 and HG 870 for seed yield per plot; HG 870, HG 365, HG 100, X-10, GG-1, RGC 1066 and RGC 1033 for gum content and HG 870, HG 563, X-10, RGC 1055, RGC 1002 and RGS 3 were found stable with low BLB intensity were found suitable for general adaptation to all the environments. Markers used in the present investigation were moderately informative. Most of the important cultivated varieties were grouped into a cluster indicating important cultivars in cluster bean have a high level of genetic similarity and have a narrow genetic base.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] to levels of irrigation, nitrogen and mulch under drip irrigation system
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-10) Sangeet Kumar; Batra, V. K.
    The field experiment was conducted during spring summer season of 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Research Farm of the Department, Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the response of okra to levels of irrigation, nitrogen and mulch under drip irrigation system. The experiment was laid out in a Split-Split Plot Design with 27 treatment combinations comprised of three levels of drip irrigation (80, 100 and 120% ET) as main plots, three levels of nitrogen fertigation (75, 100, and 125 kg/ha) as sub plots and three level of mulch (no mulch, white plastic mulch and yellow plastic mulch) as sub-sub plots and one control treatment replicated thrice. The growth parameters were recorded maximum under drip irrigation at 120% ET, 125 kg/N per ha and yellow plastic mulch as compared to other levels, respectively, whereas all the yield and quality parameters were recorded maximum with white plastic mulch, 125 kg/N per ha and drip irrigation at 100 and 80% ET, respectively, as compared to other levels. The use of plastic mulch minimizes the weed population and maximizes the weed control efficiency. The lowest Weed dry weight and weed density and maximum weed control efficiency were recorded with white plastic mulch. However, the maximum WUE (71.03, 60.10 and 65.56 kg/ha/mm, respectively) and NUE (152.47, 148.31 and 150.39 kg/ha/kg, respectively) was observed from the level drip irrigation at 80% ET and 125 kg/N per ha, respectively. Further, the interaction of irrigation with nitrogen fertigation and mulch significantly affected almost all the growth, yield and quality parameters. The highest net returns (Rs.128289/ha and Rs.124478/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.00 and 1.99) were recorded in the treatment drip irrigation at 100% ET with 125 kg/ha nitrogen fertigation and white plastic mulch as compared to rest of the treatments combinations. In the end it is concluded that for achieving the higher yield, better quality, maximum NUE, WUE and net profit, the okra crop can be irrigated at 80% ET through drip irrigation in combination with 125 kg/ha nitrogen fertigation and milky white coloured plastic mulch.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on green consumerism towards sustainable development
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Santosh Kumari; Dua, Kavita
    Green consumer is environmentally and socially conscious and very concerned about the environment and, therefore, only purchases products that are environmentally-friendly or eco-friendly. The present study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state i.e. Hisar and Bhiwani. Two blocks from each district were randomly selected. Further, 75 respondents from each village was selected randomly. Thus, total 4 villages were selected to conduct the study thus making total sample size of 300 respondents for objective 1. For objectives 3twenty five respondents having low pre-exposure knowledge and also who were willing to attend the trainings were purposively selected from each village. Thus, total respondents were 100 (25 from each village). Knowledge was imparted to 100 respondents by imparting trainings through lecture-cum-demonstration and through multimedia (booklet, leaflet, poster and videos) prepared by the researcher. After a period of one month, impact of trainings on these 100 respondents was assessed in terms of gain in knowledge. A well structured and pretested interview schedule was developed according to the objectives of the study. It was found that majority of respondents regarding socio economic status showed that 43.0% of respondents belong from upper middle class. Maximum of respondents (44.7.3%) had medium family education status. This shows that more than half (51.2%) of the respondents had overall low knowledge and awareness at pre-exposure stage. Majority of respondents did not follow the eco friendly practices while purchase products at pre exposure stage. The results show that highly significant gain in knowledge was observed in all the respondents regarding all aspects of green consumerism at post exposure stage and highly gain in knowledge was found in awareness about ordinary products responsible for environmental degradation (9.76) and eco friendly home appliances (12.82). Positive correlation was found in all independent variables at 1% level of significant with gain in knowledge.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AMMI and GGE Biplot analyses to comprehend genotype × environment interactions in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-10) Samita; Yadav, Rajesh
    Twenty four mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes were evaluated over 12 environments to comprehend the basis of adaptive response for yield and its components in different environments using AMMI model and to find the association between genotypes, traits and trait x environment interactions using the GGE biplot technique. Significant variations were observed for environment, genotype and G x E interaction (GEI) for all the traits across all the environments. High GCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for seed yield, 100-seed weight, harvest index and biological yield suggested that direct selection would rewarding for improvement of mungbean genotypes for these traits. Estimates of correlation and path coefficients revealed that seed yield per plot is significantly contributed by the biological yield, harvest index and 100-seed weight. Stability model of Eberhart and Russel (1966) identified the genotypes MH 1801, MH 1830, MH 1871 and MH 1874 as most stable for seed yield and MH 1431 for early maturity. High magnitude of variation due to GEI for all the traits across all the environments through AMMI analysis indicated considerable variable response of GEI toward the tested genotypes. AMMI analysis further indicated that summer season of Hisar and both seasons of Karnal (Uchani) could be considered as favorable environments while, both seasons of Sirsa as unfavorable environments for seed yield, harvest index and number of pod and overall, the summer season could be considered as favorable for seed weight. the genotypes viz., MH 1801, MH 421, MH 1850, MH 1142, MH 1890, MH 318 and MH 1772 were found high yielding and broadly adaptable to all the environments on the basis of AMMI analysis. The genotype selection index of AMMI analysis confirmed genotypes MH 1890, MH 1772, MH 1801, MH 1850, MH 1762 and MH 1142 as highly stabile for higher seed yield and more number of pods. The GGE biplot depicted that the genotypes MH 1772, MH 1890, MH 1801, MH 1830, MH 1831, MH 318 and MH 18-100 were most stable across all environments for high seed yield and more number of pods while the genotypes MH 1314, MH 318, MH 1801, MH 421 and MH 1890 divulged stability for early maturity. The GGE biplot portrayed environment E9 (SuS21) and E4 (KhS20) as „ideal‟ test environments for seed yield, number of pods and number of branches; E12 (KhK21) for harvest index and E1 (SuH20) for seed weight, number of seeds and early flowering and maturity, to identify the desirable genotypes with maximum stability. On the basis of Multi-trait stability index, the genotypes MH 1703, MH 1830, MH 1142 and MH 1871were found most stable across the environments.