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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of the current warabandi system for equitable water distribution(College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2003) Mandal, Soumyesh; Garg, S. PThesisItem Open Access Parameter estimation of one dimensional soil moisture dynamics model(College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2002) Kumar, Ajit; Malik, R. KThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Erosion Potential for Hisar Region through Precipitation and Erosion Indices(College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2002) Kumar, Sundeep; Kataria, D.P.ThesisItem Open Access Study of different components of water balance equation for Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University farm Hisar(Department of Soil and Water Engineering Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1997) Singh, Kuldeep; Singh, PratapThesisItem Open Access Energetics and techno economic assessment of different paddy straw densification processes(CCSHAU, 2018) Hemant Kumar; Vijaya RaniIn India, a large portion of the residue is burnt on-farm primarily to clear the field for sowing of the succeeding crop. The burning of straw creates health, soil and environment hazards. From the total crop residue, cereal crops (rice, wheat, maize, and millets) contribute 70% while rice crop alone contribute 34%. Management of this huge amount of paddy straw becomes difficult for farmers. Many solutions are being tried to manage the paddy straw one of them is straw removal from field by making bales which can be easily handled and transported for animal feed, power generation, brick kiln etc. In the present study different densification process viz., using field baler after operation of stubble shaver with and without operation of hay rake. In third case loose straw was directly collected from field and baled by field baler in stationary mode. Further, full length straw and chopped by chaff cutter was used to make bale in hydraulic pressed type fixed stationary. In the study it was found that, if the harvesting of paddy is done by combine, then operating field baler after operation of stubble shaver and hay rake was most appropriate providing a maximum field capacity of 0.54 ha h-1, baling capacity 4.43 t h-1, volume compaction ratio of 5.26 with minimum time required of 0.44 h, man-h 3.57, energy of 102.65 MJ t-1 and cost of baling Rs 624 t-1. The scented variety of rice is mostly harvested manually for which the full length densification by a hydraulic press type fixed baler is appropriate with baling capacity 1.13 t h-1, maximum volume compaction ratio 6.87 and lowest cost of operation Rs 595 t-1. The transportation, storage become easy and safe with bales than loose straw. Maximum benefit was obtained with stationary baler for full length straw.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of ohmic heating on oil recovery from rice bran(CCSHAU, 2018) Ashwini S.C.; Garg, M.K.This study describes a new technological method for rice bran oil extraction. The method deals with the combined effect of ohmic heating and enzyme assisted aqueous oil extraction process (EAEP) on improvement of oil recovery from Rice bran. The experimental procedure consisted of following fundamental steps, i.e., wet grinding, enzymatic treatment, ohmic heating, aqueous extraction and centrifugation. The effect of ohmic heating parameters particularly electric field strength (EFS), end point temperature (EPT) and holding time (HT) on aqueous oil extraction procedure were investigated. Three levels of electric field strength (i.e., OH450V, OH550V and OH650V), three levels of end point temperature (i.e., 75, 85 and 95 °C) and three levels of holding time (i.e., 0, 5 and 10 min.) were taken as independent variables utilizing full factorial design. Percentage oil recovery from rice bran by EAEP alone and EAEP combined with ohmic heating had been 71 % and 73.59 % to 82 % respectively. The maximum oil recovery (82 %) was acquired when the sample was heated and maintained at 95 °C the usage of electric field strength of OH650V for a holding time of 10 min. The free fatty acid (FFA) of the extracted oil (i.e. in range of 1.89 to 2.24 %) was within the adequate limit of 3 % (oleic acid) and 0.5–3 % recommended respectively with the aid of PFA and BIS.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of edible coatings and packaging methods on shelf life of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporous)(CCSHAU, 2007) Deshmukh, Sipna; Jain, SurjeetThe present investigation was carried out on "Effect of edible coatings and packaging method on shelf life of button mushroom (Agarius bisporus)". Three edible coating of three concentrations each were selected. Whey protein of 5, 10 and 15 per cent concentration levels; carboxy mehyl cellulose 1, 1.5 and 2 per cent concentration level and guar gum of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 per cent concentration levels. Coating was applied on mushrooms by dipping method for I min. then all coated and uncoated mushrooms were packed in four packaging methods open polyethylene bag; polyethylene bag sealed; vacuum packaging; nitrogen filled packaging under ambient condition. The quality of mushroom fruits was observed in terms of Physiological weight loss, firmness, Total Soluble Solids, acidity and decay loss. Mushrooms coated with whey protein of 5% concentration and stored in vacuum packaging and polyethylene bag stored in better condition upto second day. Physiological weight loss, firmness, TSS, acidity - 115 - and decay loss were respectively (3.77%, 9.87kg/CM2, 7.2oBrix, 0.49%, 38.33%) upto second day of storage. Mushrooms coated with CMC of 1% concentration and packed in vacuum packaging and polyethylene bag performed better upto third day. Physiological weight loss, firmness, TSS, acidity and decay loss were respectively (3.53%, 7.23kg/cm2, 6.00 ºBrix, 0.59% , 46.19%) upto third day of storage. Guar gum coated mushroom spoiled after first day of storage. Fresh mushrooms i.e. without any coating stored better in vacuum and polyethylene bag upto third day. Physiological weight loss, firmness, TSS, acidity and decay loss were respectively (4.41%, 7.76kg/cm2, 7.17ºBrix, 0.54%, 38.33%) upto second day of storage. Edible coating tested in the experiment enhanced browning of mushrooms during storage under ambient conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of process parameters of soymilk and tofu production unit(CCSHAU, 2008) Indu; Jain, SurjeetProcess parameters were optimized to manufacture soymilk and tofu in commercial production unit. The quantity and quality attributes of soymilk and tofu prepared by using different combinations of bean to water ratios (1:5; 1:6 and 1:7 w/v) and different steam pressures/temperature (0.75, 1.1 and 1.4 kg/cm2) at the time of cooking slurry in grinder cooker were accessed. Soy milk yield was maximum 6.8 litre per kg of beans in 1:7 bean to water ratio and at steam pressure of 1.4 kg/cm2 milk yield reduced when bean to water ratio decreased. Protein per cent in soymilk increased with decrease in bean to water ratio. It was maximum 4.4 per cent at 1:5 bean to water ratio and at 0.75 kg/cm2 cooking steam pressure. Fat percent was maximum 2.27 at 1:5 bean to water ratio and steam pressure of 1.4 kg/cm2. Tofu prepared using citric acid as coagulant yielded good textured and white coloured tofu with maximum yield of 240 gm per liter of soymilk. Protein and fat per cent in tofu depends on fat and protein present in soy milk. Shelf life of soymilk and tofu in ambient conditions was observed to be one day while these can be stored for 12-13 days under refrigerated conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of ridge and furrow dimensions for development of tractor drawn multi crop ridger seeder(CCSHAU, 2009) Jena, Swagatika; Sharma, D.N.Dry land agriculture contributes a major share to economy of India’s total agricultural production. Therefore for sustainability of dry land agricultural production needs adequate emphasis on significance & choice of proper agricultural machinery for various agricultural operations. Heavy crust formation during the rainy season and inadequacy of moisture at the time of seeding of rabi crops especially gram and raya are the most important reasons of obtaining low yields in the dry farming areas. During Kharif season, moisture is generally high at planting stage but moisture conservation becomes important during the growing season. Whereas conservation practices have to be adopted during kharif season on the fallow lands where rabi crops have to be raised. In this context ridge and furrow system of planting of crops with the help of ridger seeder ensures seed placement in wet or moist zone which results in better seed germination. The ridger seeder can be used for sowing of both kharif and rabi crops with shallow soil cover over the seed. The advantage of sowing by ridger seeder is that it makes the dry upper layer soil into ridges and sowing was done in the furrows at appropriate depth. It also works efficiently even when the moisture is at a depth of 15-20 centimeters. The ridger seeder machine can not control all the factors involved in seedling emergence but it can have an important influence on formation of appropriate size of ridge & furrow and precise control of seed depth, placement of seeds into moist zone and non crusting condition above the seeds and good germination. So for development of appropriate ridger seeder these factors should be optimized to get better crop stand. Therefore, in this study an attempt has been made to optimize the ridge furrow dimensions as well as the draft requirement of the multicrop ridger seeder. The ridger bottom of potato planter was selected from four different type of ridger bottoms tested (ridger bottom of existing ridger seeder (B1), ridger bottom of bed planter (B2),ridger bottom of sugar cane planter (B3) and ridger bottom of potato planter (B4)) for use in improved multicrop tractor drawn ridger seeder. Ridger bottom of this had minimum draft requirement i.e. 150 kg /bottom as compared to other three ridger bottoms (i.e. B1(159.00 kg/ bottom), B2(163.25 kg/ bottom) and B3 (177.30 kg/bottom) respectively). Ridger furrow dimensions of B4 were also close to optimum ridge furrow dimensions i.e. 600mm, 300mm, 200mm (top, bottom, depth) of furrow. The optimum ridge furrow dimensions were selected based on maximum seedling emergence (i.e. 42 seedlings /m row length in raya crop, 14 seedlings/ m row length in chick pea crop), optimum moisture distribution across the ridge (i.e. 17.68% wb in raya crop, 17.67% wb in chick pea crop ) & significant saving in irrigation water (i.e. 50.42 % in raya crop, 52.29% in chick pea crop) under lab. conditions. The ridge furrow dimensions optimized as 600mm bottom width, 300mm top width & 200mm height of ridge. Modifications were carried out & incorporated in ridger bottoms of potato planter i.e. Extended mild steel plates of appropriate size and shape were attached to ridger bottom wings at a height of 30cm from base of ridger bottom to avoid dropping of top dry soil on already sown line. Proper adjustment was done to set the ridger bottom according to optimum ridge furrow dimensions obtained under lab. condition. The field evaluation of improved tractor drawn multicrop ridger seeder was conducted at farmer’s fields of Neolikhurd and Balawas villages & farm area of SST Department in two crops raya (Cv. RH-30 ) & chickpea (Cv. HC-5). The results were compared with farmer’s practice. The field capacity of the machine was found to be 5 ha / day in both raya & chick pea crops. Seed germination of raya crop sown by improved tractor drawn multicrop ridger seeder recorded was about 10-14 seedlings / m row length & plant stand of 9-10 plants / m row length. Where as only 6-7 plants / m row length were obtained in farmer’s practice. In chickpea seed germination of 9-14 seedlings/ m row length& and plant stand of 7-13 plants/ m row length were observed in crop sown by improved tractor drawn multicrop ridger seeder in comparison to only 5-7 plants / m row length in sowing done by seed cum fertilizer drill . This signifies that seed germination was increased to about two fold by using improved tractor drawn multicrop ridger seeder as sowing machine for raya and chickpea crops. The extent of saving in irrigation water was found in to 45% tube well irrigation source & 39.62 % in canal irrigation water source with the use of tractor drawn multicrop ridger seeder. In addition moisture across the ridges and furrows recorded after first irrigation was also quite uniform in a set of ridge furrow ridge i.e.15.17, 18.52, 15.40% wb., respectively. The ridge & furrow system of planting of rabi crops with the help of improved tractor drawn multicrop ridger seeder has manifold advantages over farmer’s practice. This also adds to recent conservation tillage system in modern agriculture.