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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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201991
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End date: 2019 × Start date: 2019 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigations on endophytic bacteria for management of downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola in pearl millet
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) Sangwan, Pooja; Kushal Raj
    Pearl millet is a valuable staple food in semi-arid regions of the world. Pearl millet is affected by many diseases among them, downy mildew incited by oomycetes pathogen Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet is the most widespread and destructive disease of pearl millet. Endophytes play an important role in metabolism and physiology of the host plants. They provide multifarious benefits such as growth promotion, suppression of pathogens and nitrogen fixation. In the present study, roots and stubbles were collected from sick plot area of Bajra Pathology after the harvest of the pearl millet crop during Kharif 2016 and 2017. A total of 30 pearl millet root bacterial endophytes (PMRBE1- PMRBE 30) were retrieved from crushed roots of pearl millet streaked on Nutrient agar plates. Ten endophytic bacterial isolates were retrieved from roots of kharif 2016 crop and other twenty isolates from roots of kharif 2017 crop. All endophytic bacterial isolates were assessed for biocontrol activities. Amongst 30 pearl millet root bacterial endophytes, sixteen isolates were positive for siderophore production, three isolates viz. PMRBE6, PMRBE25 and PMRBE28 were found positive for HCN production, 30% of the bacterial endophytes showed good growth on ACC supplemented plates and cellulolytic activity was found in bacterial endophyte PMRBE18. The isolates PMRBE1, PMRBE4, PMRBE5, PMRBE6, PMRBE7 PMRBE17, PMRBE18, PMRBE20, PMRBE23 and PMRBE24 which showed maximum germination, seedling vigour index I & II and germination speed of three pearl millet cultivars HHB226, HHB67 Imp and 7042 S under in vitro conditions were selected for seed treatment as well as for foliar spray under screen house and field conditions. Amongst various pearl millet root bacterial endophytes, maximum germination, minimum downy mildew incidence at 30 and 60 DAS, better growth and yield of pearl millet cultivars were found on treatment with isolate PMRBE6, PMRBE18 and PMRBE23. On the basis of biochemical characterization and partial 16S rRNA sequencing pearl millet root bacterial endophytic isolates PMRBE6, PMRBE18 and PMRBE23 were identified as Bacillus subtilis strain PD4 (Accession no. MN400209), Serratia sp. and Alcaligenes faecalis strain HX2016003 (Accession no. MN400208). Promising root endophytes may be used for IPM of downy mildew in pearl millet after field trials.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT AND POPULARIZATION OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS USING SHATAVARI (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS) ROOT POWDER
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) PRIYANKA RANI; Varsha Rani
    This study was conducted to analyse the nutritional composition of shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder (SRP); to develop products by adding shatavari root powder and their sensory and nutritional evaluation and to popularize the shatavari root powder based value added products among adolescent girls and women. In present study, blanching of shatavari roots was done at 80ºC temperature for 3 minutes to reduce bitterness and to retain the maximum amount of saponins. It was observed that blanched powder had better taste. The blanched SRP contained 11.66 and 8.02 per cent of crude fiber and ash, respectively. The content of total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and non reducing sugar in blanched SRP was 24.36, 3.46 and 20.90 per cent, respectively. The blanched SRP contained 6.08, 12.67 and 18.75 per cent of soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber, respectively. Total calcium, iron and zinc was found to be 103.24, 26.85 and 1.96 mg/100g, respectively in blanched SRP. Laddoo, halwa, panjiri, sweet and sweet & salty biscuits, muffins with or without egg, instant halwa mix and instant muffin mix were prepared by adding 5, 10 and 15 per cent of blanched SRP while instant shatavari mix was prepared by mixing 20, 30, 40 and 60 per cent of SRP with ground sugar. All the developed products were found acceptable by the panellists and were adjudged between ‘liked moderately’ to ‘liked very much’. The contents of crude fat and crude protein were found to be decreased whereas the contents of crude fiber and ash were found to be increased in various products upon addition of SRP. The content of sugars, dietary fiber, DPPH-RSA, calcium, iron and zinc were increase and starch content was decreased in all type of products upon addition of SRP. The sensory score of stored products decrease gradually with increase in storage period, however all the products were found acceptable. The fat acidity and peroxide value increased gradually with increase in storage period however the values were found within the acceptable level. Average knowledge scores of respondents on various aspects of shatavari root powder were increased (P=0.05) significantly among the respondents after four days of training exposure
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Empowerment of farm women through Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Project in Hisar division of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-05) Anshu; Seema Rani
    The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana State i.e. Hisar and Fatehabad. 120 farm women from each district of Hisar Division were selected randomly. Thus a total of 240 beneficiaries were selected for the study. To determine the participation information of SREP, implementation of SREP and constraints in SREP implementation,18 stakeholders of ATMA were selected randomly. Results of the study revealed that majority of the beneficiary belonged to younger age group, belonged to schedule caste, married, illiterate, with low family education status, were housewives, majority of beneficiaries family were working as labourers. In Hisar district as well as Fatehabad district beneficiaries had more awareness and participation concerning kisan ghothi followed by FIG training camp, demonstration, exposure visit and farmer field school. Decisions related to farm, animals and money matters were predominantly taken with the help of husband or with the help of family in both districts of Hisar division. Negligible numbers of beneficiaries took their own decisions. Knowledge regarding ATMA project in both district was found to be medium and findings also indicated that the beneficiaries had somewhat favourable attitude towards various aspects of ATMA both districts. ATMA had positively outcome in relation to social development, economic development, cultural development, technological development and input assistance and management constraint was the major constraint followed by organizational/institutional constraints. Knowledge about the ATMA project was found to be positively correlated with the exposure visit, training camp and demonstration at 5% level of significance. Data reveals that farmer field school, training camp and demonstration were found to be positively significant with development. Most of the stakeholders agreed that that technology in ATMA project had changed the socio-economic profile of the farmers in which major change was observed in the use of media, increased in social participation. Major constraints faced by the stakeholders were lack of awareness, location of farmers, lack of interest among farmers, insufficient budget for organization of ATMA programme. Majority of stakeholders pointed out that farmer feedback should be taken for improvement of programme, sufficient budget for the ATMA programme should be provided, refresher training should be provided to the ATMA stakeholders’ assessment of farmer needs and developing need based programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on microclimate of wheat crop and validation of DSSAT under different sowing environments
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Premdeep; Khichar, M.L
    Field experiment entitled “Study on microclimate of wheat crop and validation of DSSAT under different sowing environments” was conducted during Rabi season (2015-16 and 2016-17) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (29° 10 N, 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 m). The experiment was comprised of three sowing dates main plot treatments namely D1 (2nd fortnight of November), D2 (1st fortnight of December) and D3 (2nd fortnight of December); three varieties V1 (WH 1105), V2 (DPW 621-50) and V3 (HD 2967) sub plot treatments comprising. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. GDD, HTU, PTU and PTI accumulation was significantly higher under D1 (2nd fortnight of November) sowing date at all the phenophases in comparison to the other dates of sowing. The requirement of growing degree days were more in D1 (2nd fortnight of November). Highest PAR and RUE values obtained in D1 (2nd fortnight of November) date of sowing with V1 (WH 1105) variety as compared to other treatments.The highest plant height, dry matter accumulation and LAI was recorded under D1 and V1 with maximum CCI at anthesis stage. Chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was highest recorded under D1 during anthesis stage as compared to other date of sowing. The yield and yield attributes viz. ear per plant, length of spike, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield significantly higher under early sowing (D1) as compared to late sown. Weather variables showed a positive and negative correlation with yield and yield attributes. Simulation performance of model showed an overestimation with days to emergence, anthesis, physiological maturity while grain yield, straw yield and harvest index showed a over-underestimation of results.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Knowledge and Usage Pattern of Information and Communication Technology among Students of CCS Haryana Agricultural University
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-06) Malik, Anil Kumar; Godara, A.K
    The present study entitled “Knowledge and Usage Pattern of Information and Communication Technology among Students of CCS Haryana Agricultural University” was conducted in the Colleges of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering & Technology and Indira Chakravarty College of Home Sciences of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana with following objectives: to examine the accessibility of ICT services among students for agricultural purposes, to ascertain the knowledge level and usage pattern of ICT tools, to explore the aptitude of students towards ICT and to identify the constraints faced in using ICT. In this research, Under-Graduate (Pre-final & Final year) and Post-Graduate (M.Sc. & Ph.D.) students of the selected colleges registered during the session of 2017-18 were taken as the sample of the study. There were 994 students registered in U.G and P.G. programmes from selected colleges. Out of them, 200 students were selected through proportionate random sampling. The ICT tools selected for the study were web services/internet, television, radio and mobile. The data were collected through personal interview technique with the help of well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed with appropriate statistical tools. The results shows that majority of the students belonged to age group of 21-25 years, the number of male respondent was very high, almost one-third were graduate, more than 80 per cent of the respondents resided in hostel, whereas a great majority of the respondents preferred for university job. The study further revealed that all the respondents had access to four tools of ICT viz., web services/internet, television, radio and mobile selected for study. Whereas majority of the respondents used ICT tools/services for entertainment purpose. Moreover, more than 90 per cent of the respondents owned mobile phone with internet facility. The findings also revealed that nearly half of the respondents‟ overall knowledge towards ICT tools/services was found to be of „medium‟ level. Regarding use of selected ICT tools, all the respondents used internet and mobile followed by television and radio. The study further illustrated that most of the respondents had „high‟ level of extent of utilization of internet and mobile, whereas in case of television and radio, majority of the respondents was found to have „medium‟ and „low‟ level of extent of utilization, respectively. Moreover, a great majority of the respondents was found to have „favourable‟ to „more favourable‟ aptitude towards ICT. Correlation coefficient of age, education, medium of schooling, family education, scientism, mass media exposure, information seeking behaviour and risk orientation were found positively significant with the knowledge and usage pattern of ICT tools. Whereas in case of the partial regression coefficient variables i.e. age, education, medium of schooling, scientism, mass media exposure, information seeking behaviour and risk orientation significantly contributed to the knowledge and usage pattern of ICT tools. The study further revealed that lack of training facilities to learn ICT, lack of expertise to use ICT and slow functioning of internet/server breakdown were the major constraints faced by the respondents in using ICT. As far as consequences of not using ICT were concerned, „Loss of contact with timely information‟ ranked as first consequence followed by „Loss of relevance, confidence and credibility‟. With regard to suggestions, majority of the respondents suggested that teaching should be through ICT followed by improved internet connection.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Estimation of effective demand and economic analysis of fruit and vegetable crops in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Raj Kumar; Rathee, Anil Kumar
    The present investigation was carried out to study the effective demand, cost and returns, trends in arrivals and prices, marketing cost, margins, price spread and marketing efficiency through different channels and constraints faced by farmers in production, marketing and processing of fruits and vegetables. For study purpose, Sonepat, Kurukshetra, Nuh, Yamunanagar and Sirsa districts of Haryana state having the highest production under fruits and vegetables cultivation, were purposively selected. From each selected district one block for fruits (mango, kinnow, guava and ber) and one block for vegetables (potato, cauliflower, tomato and onion) were selected. From each selected block, 30 farmers were selected for each fruit and vegetable crops which constituted a total sample of 240 fruits and vegetables growers. Per capita net availability of fruits was 52.00 and 141.00 and the consumption gap was 7.28 and 108.67 grams/person/day, in Haryana and India, respectively. Similarly in case of vegetable per capita net availability was 417.32 and 272.00 and the consumption gap was 175.32 and 63.51 grams/person/day, in Haryana and India, respectively. The average total cost in establishment of mango, kinnow, guava and ber orchard in the selected districts was `28034, 127979, 77527 and 35316 per hectare and the annual operating cost `71928, 89076, 88914 and 66880 per hectare, respectively. Further the net returns were `256856, 272845, 223308 and 84338 per hectare. The benefit cost ratio obtained was equal to 1:4.02, 1:3.76, 1:3.09 and 1:2.52 under mango, kinnow, guava and ber, respectively. In case of vegetable crops net returns were `95425, 96799, 105774 and 48517 per hectare, and the benefit cost ratio obtained was equal to 1:1.53, 1:1.46, 1:1.58 and 1:1.35 under potato, cauliflower, tomato and onion, respectively. In fruits and vegetables there was inverse relationship between arrival and prices. There was a considerable negative relation in time and arrival in the market under study and there was a significant and positive relationship between time and prices. It was found that channel-V was the most efficient among all the marketing channels in the fruits crops and channel-IV was most efficient marketing channel in case of vegetable crops. The major problems faced by the farmer in the production, marketing and processing of fruits were having high cost of pesticides (90.00%), lack of knowledge of recommended fertilizer doses (86.67%), absence of minimum support prices (90.00%), too much fluctuation in prices (86.67%), higher rate of charges power and fuel (80.00%), lack of technical man power (80.00%).In case of vegetables, high cost of pesticides (90.00%), high cost of seed (86.67%), lack of cold chain facilities (90.00%), high cost of transportation (86.67%), higher rate of charges power and fuel (90.00%), lack of technical man power (83.33%) were found major constraints in production, marketing and processing of vegetables. There exists ample scope for the profitable expansion of cultivation, marketing and processing of fruits and vegetables in Haryana as well as in India. The analysis of effective demand under the present study further strengthens it.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Role of Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank in Financing in Agriculture
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019) Jitendra Kumar; Mehta, V.P
    Role of Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank was studied with the following objectives,to study the performance of loans, to study the behaviour and adequacy of loans,to determine the factors affecting amount of loans and to identify the constraints in getting loans and repayment.The present study was based on both primary as well as secondary data. Secondary data was collected pertaining to the year 2009-10 to 2017-18 from the annual reports of randomly selected eight branches of Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank.Primary data for the year 2019 regarding utilization pattern and credit gap was collected from 160 selected respondents with the help of pre-tested schedule. The efforts made by SHGB in branch expansion, deposit mobilization, and credit deployment in weaker section of rural areas are appreciable. SHGB successfully achieved its objectives like taking banking to doorstep of farmers, providing credit without time lag and cheaper credit to weaker sections, encouraging rural savings for productive activities and bringing down the cost of accessing credit in rural areas The performance of SHGB in branch expansion, income, expenditure and profit changed over the period with CGR stood that 11, 26, 33 and 19 per cent, respectively. Moreover, credit and deposit of SHGB increased significantly over the period with a CGR of 21 and 25 per cent, respectively. After amalgamation of Haryana Gramin Gramin Bank & Gurugram Gramin Bank profit, credit and deposit of Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank increasedwithapproximately twice the earlier growth rate.Farmers utilized credit either for productive purposes or for non-productive purposes. The results of utilization pattern of marginal farmers showed that under productive use, it was mainly spent for fertilizers (17.02%), labour (7.31%), and irrigation (7.29%). Whereas, small farmers used credit for productive purposes such as instruments purchase (9.31%), fertilizers (18.51%), POL (7.37%). Moreover, large farmers also mainly used loan for fertilizer purchase, instruments purchase and POL. Altogether, all farmers be it marginal, small or large, used credit primarily for purchasing fertilizers.The analysis showed that marginal and small farmers had to mainly divert credit a major portion of their credit for repayment of old debts. Share of credit used in productive purposes of loan increased with the increase land holding.Also, per hectare amount of credit diverted for other productive purposes was also noted to be negatively associated with increase in the size of holdings. Investigation of credit gap for marginal, small and large farmers was done on the basis of loan demanded by the respondent and loan advanced by the bank. It was fund that credit gap had decreased with the increase of land holding. Farmers face number of constraints in getting and repayment of loan such as more paper work, loan not available at time and repayment of old debts etc. Based these problemsit is suggested that SHGB should provide credit with minimum formalities, SHGB credit limit should be increased to fulfill the credit gapThe amount of installments repayment should be matched with the expected farm income of farmers from the agricultural operations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    In-season temperature variations in Indian mustard: An agrometeorological analysis
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Mohammad Ahatsham; Surender Singh
    A field experiment entitled “In-season temperature variations in Indian mustard: An agrometeorological analysis” was conducted during rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Research Farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar. The D1 (25th Oct. and 07th Oct.) sown crop perform better in respect of agrometeorological, growth indices and yield parameters as compared to D2 (05th Nov. and 20th Oct.) and D3 (15th Nov. and 03rd Nov) date of sowings. The delay sowing of mustard crop led to shortening of vegetative and reproductive phase duration. Among the varieties; RH 0749 performed better in respect of agrometeorological, growth, stress indices, yield and yield attributes as compared to Laxmi, RH 406, RH 30 and Kranti in both the seasons. Higher temperature during reproductive phase caused stress which resulted in forced maturity and reduced the reproductive phase duration significantly under the late sown crop. Increased mean maximum temperature during the seed development phase decreased the seed yield and produced poor quality seed. The crop growth rate was initially low then increased till seed development (P5) and attained maximum value at seed development stage and then declined consistently till the maturity stage. The cultivar RH 0749 took more days (150 in 2015-16 and 138 in 2014-15 season) to attain physiological maturity. Under stress and non-stress conditions RH 0749 were found low drought susceptibility and high yield stability. The regression model developed for predicting growth and development of mustard crop using various meteorological parameters explained the variability to the extent of 62, 69, 87, 87 and 71 per cent for leaf area index, drymatter, biological yield, seed yield and number of siliquae, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of agricultural land use and management practices on carbon sequestration in soils of arid and semi-arid regions of North-Western India
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-05) Sunil Kumar; Phogat, V.K
    Improving soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is of a vital important for enhancing soil productivity of different land use systems, particularly, in arid and semi-arid regions of the country. The study was carried out to evaluate the SOC fractions and their relationships with soil properties as influenced by different cropping systems and management practices. Thirteen sites under different land use systems were selected for soil sampling from the States of Rajasthan and Haryana. Soil samples were analysed for various soil properties and SOC fractions, and their relationships were established. The soils at different sampling sites were alkaline in reaction and non-saline. Higher bulk density was observed in coarse textured fallow soils and in soils under rice-wheat system. Significantly lower bulk density observed under plantation forest and agro forestry than field crops was attributed to greater inputs of plant biomass and/or application of manures and fertilizers. Among different cropping systems, sugarcane and rice-wheat systems found to have higher SOC content due to their potential for higher biomass production. At all sited, the SOC content found to be decreased with depth due to reduced amount of organic matter. Aggregation, CEC and nutrients status of soils were higher under agro-forestry, sugarcane, horticulture and cotton-wheat than other systems due to higher SOC status and clay contents. Similarly, the oxidizable fractions of carbon (very labile, labile, less labile and non-labile) were also significantly higher under plantation forest, sugarcane, agro-forestry and rice-wheat land use systems because of higher biomass input. Upon differentiating the SOC into active (AC) and passive carbon (PC), the AC was found variable under different cropping systems, and significantly higher under plantation forest, sugarcane and agro-forestry land use systems. Therefore, the AC and their proportion to total SOC could be use as sensitive indicator of soil health. As per physical classification of SOC, coarse particulate organic carbon (POC) was significantly higher under plantation forest, horticulture, agro-forestry and mung bean-mustard land use systems due to heavier texture of soil and/or introduction of legume in crop rotation. For the surface layers, the largest differences in POC content were observed for the aggregate associated POC, which was apparent in soils with more effective native vegetation. Significantly higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC)content under plantation forest, horticulture and agro-forestry land use systems was attributed to the production of high quantity of litter fall (substrate) for microbial decomposition every year. Among the different cropping systems, sugarcane and rice-wheat systems had significantly higher MBC content probably due to higher accumulation of SOC and relatively higher inputs of manures and fertilizers included in management practices. Significantly higher SOC stock under plantation forest and agro-forestry systems obtained were attributed to relatively more litter biomass production, stubble and rhizo deposits and slower decomposition of soil organic matter in the undisturbed soil. Variation in texture of soils and management practices in different land use systems were found responsible for organic carbon storage in soils. Use of poor quality irrigation water in sugarcane, rice-wheat and guar-wheat cropping systems adversely affected the SOC pools and soil properties. The Carbon Management Index found effective in assessing C sequestration potential of soils under different cropping systems. Very labile carbon was significantly correlated with SOC (r = 0.98), CEC (r = 0.82), aggregation (r = 0.63) available N (r = 0.94), available P (r = 0.81), available K (r = 0.64).The higher value of correlation coefficient between labile carbon pools with total SOC indicated that these pools were most affected by changes in land use and management practices. The MBC was correlated with total SOC (r = 0.85), coarse (r = 0.85) and fine (r = 0.91) POC, AC (r = 0.85) and PC (r = 0.85). There was a dynamic relationship between different pools of SOC and their relative proportion was greatly influenced by land use systems. It was concluded that the changes in labile fraction of SOC may be considered as a sensitive indicator for assessing the quality of SOC being added in soils under different land use systems in arid and semi-arid regions of North-Western India.