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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access test embargo(1999) jjjThesisItem Open Access Phenotyping and molecular marker analysis of selected F3 segregating lines from aerobic x low land indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) crosses(CCSHAU, 2015) Kanika Rani; Jain, R.K.Experiments were conducted to evaluate F3 segregating populations derived from the five crosses (PAU201 x MAS25, MASARB25 x PAU201, PAU201 x MAS26, MASARB25 x HKR47 and MAS25 x HKR47) for various physio-morphological and/or root traits and microsatellite markers linked to the traits promoting aerobic adaptation. MASARB25, MAS25 and MAS26 are aerobic while PAU201 and HKR47 are low-land indica rice varieties. In all the five populations, wide variation was observed for plant height, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, root length, root thickness, fresh and dry root weight, 1000 grain weight, grain length-breadth ratio and grain yield per plant. In these populations, significant positive correlation was observed between yield per plant with plant height, effective no. of tillers per plant, length-breadth ratio, 1000 grain weight, root biomass and/or root length. The NTSYS-pc UPGMA tree cluster analysis and 2-D PCA scaling of selected F3 plants derived from the five crosses clearly showed large variation among two parental genotypes and F3 plants were invariably interspersed between them. A number of promising F3 plants have been selected, which had higher grain yield, root length and biomass greater than MAS25, MAS26 and MASARB25 for further progeny analysis. Most of these selected plants had the desired allele for the markers reported earlier to be linked with the aerobic adaptation traits (RM234 and RM547 for root length on chromosome 7 and 8 respectively; RM525 for root thickness and root biomass on chromosome 2).ThesisItem Open Access Micronutrient and SSR marker analysis of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucam (L.) R. Br.] inbred lines(CCSHAU, 2015) Sangwan, Sonali; Shikha YashveerA set of thirty-six pearl millet inbred lines was used to study genetic variability and correlation analysis for seven morphological characters namely days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), ear length (cm), ear diameter (cm), 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g) and dry fodder yield per plant (g) along with micronutrient (Fe and Zn) status. The pearl millet inbred lines were evaluated in randomized block design with two replications in two environments during 2014. Analysis of variance for all the characters under study showed significant differences indicating the presence of genetic variability among the inbreds. The estimates of variability parameter for grain yield, contributing traits and Fe and Zn content revealed the high PCV value as compared to GCV value that suggests the role of environment in the expression of all these characters. An additive gene action was indicated for dry fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant, Fe and Zn content by high to moderate heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean values. Correlation analysis showed highly significant correlation between grain Fe and Zn content which signifies simultaneous improvement in the two traits. Grain yield per plant showed no significant negative correlation with Fe and Zn that suggests improvement in nutrient value without sacrificing yield. A set of 30 SSR primers was also used for molecular diversity assessment in 36 pearl millet inbred lines. Mean allele per locus and PIC obtained was 10.5 and 0.796, respectively. Cluster analysis distributed these genotypes into 9 clusters where 4 genotypes failed to fall in any of these clusters.ThesisItem Open Access Production and Export potential of Tomato and its processed products in India(CCSHAU, 2015) Punia, Meenu; Mehta, V.P.India ranks second in the area as well as in production of tomato next to China. In total world production, the share of China and India was 23.61 and 8.49 per cent, respectively. The surplus production of tomato causes glut in the market, causing distress sale and low profit to the growers and the probable solutions to the problem is to export the surplus tomato production in fresh or processed form. The present study has made an attempt to have Production and Export Potential of Tomato and its processed products in India with these objectives, (1) to study the trends in area, production and productivity of tomato in India, (2) to analyze the performance and trends in export of tomato and its processed products, (3) to analyze the contribution of Haryana in production and export of tomato. The present study is based on secondary data which were collected from various issues of the Statistical Abstract of Haryana, agricultural statistics at a glance and economic survey of India and other published and unpublished sources. Linear growth rates were computed by fitting linear function and least square technique was used to compute the compound growth rates by fitting exponential function. The regression analysis was carried out for a time span, using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. In overall period (1991-2014), area, production and productivity of India increased at a compound annual growth rate of 4.9, 6.4 and 1.1 per cent per annum. RCA in both tomatoes and tomato products was far less than unity and the RSCA were negative, almost -1. Fresh tomatoes contributed maximum in the export basket of India. In overall period (1991-2013), area and production of Haryana increased at a compound annual growth rate of 9.1 and 6.7 per cent and productivity declined by 2.1 per cent per annuum. Haryana’s rank was12th in tomato production with 2.2 per cent share. The values of CV in export of tomato and its products, except fresh tomatoes, came down during the second period than first period, which indicated that export of tomato and tomato products from India became more stable during the second period than first period. The study reveals that the existence of high instability in export of tomato and its products require the attention of policymakers to retain hold on the international market. Tomato is an important vegetable-cum-processing crop of India. Its productivity is very low. So, there is need to popularize the improved production technology and processing varieties. Market survey of importing countries should have to be done to strengthen the export in the upcoming years. Government should declare support price for tomato crop prior to its sowing season and implement, “Crop Insurance Scheme” as the crop is highly perishable.ThesisItem Open Access Economic analysis of vegetable cultivation under polyhouses in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2015) Parveen Kumar; Chauhan, R.S.Vegetables are the main source of vitamins and minerals. The vegetables also offer better crop diversification and crop intensification. During winter season under north Indian conditions, it is extremely difficult to grow capsicum, cucumber in open field conditions; however various types of protected structures have been developed for growing some high value crops continuously by providing favorable environment condition and giving protection from the excessive cold and this is called polyhouse technology. The present study has made an attempt to have Economic analysis of vegetable cultivation under polyhouses in Haryana with these objectives. 1. To study the present status of polyhouse cultivation in Haryana. 2. To compare the economics of vegetable cultivation under polyhouse & open field conditions. 3. To identify the constraints and to assess the prospects of vegetable cultivation under polyhouses. The present study was conducted in Karnal district of Haryana selected purposely on the basis of maximum number of polyhouses in the state. Two blocks were selected randomly, i.e. Gharaundha and Indri. Again, two villages from each block were selected on the basis of predominance of vegetable cultivation both under polyhouses & open field conditions. Ten respondent farmers each under polyhouses & open field conditions were randomly selected from each village, thus making a total sample of 80 respondents. On the basis of the nature of the data, simple statistical tools like averages and percentage were used to compare, contrast and interpret results properly. The primary data for the agriculture year 2013-14 were collected by survey method by conducting personal interviews of the selected farmers with the help of specially designed schedule. The overall findings reveal that in polyhouses, farmers adopted three cropping pattern R1, R2 and R3 i.e. tomato-cucumber (R1), capsicum-cucumber (R2) and cucumber-cucumber-cucumber (R3) respectively. The cost of cultivation for R1, R2 and R3 were ₹607720.36, ₹581816.43 and ₹849876.2 per acre respectively. In comparative economics analysis the cost of cultivation of selected vegetables tomato, capsicum and cucumber under polyhouses were higher as compared to open field conditions by ₹206816.90, ₹246564.40 and ₹185651 per acre respectively. The net retunes from polyhouses were higher as compared to open field conditions by ₹51097.54, ₹124870.01 and ₹97138.68 per acre respectively. The results of the study revealed that the vegetables cultivation under polyhouses have contributed to the yield significantly. The major constraint reported by the respondent farmers were short life of polyethylene sheet, infestation of insect, nematodes & diseases, high cost of fertilizers and seeds. The constraints in the marketing of vegetable were lack of minimum support price, high price fluctuations, lack of market information and high cost of transportation.ThesisItem Open Access Inter gender study on knowledge and performance of panchayat members(CCSHAU, 2018) Chauhan, Seema; Yadav, BeenaThe study was conducted in purposively selected Hisar II-block of Hisar district in Haryana state by including total 200 panchayats members i.e.100 each from preceding and existing six panchayats out of which 3each were male and female headed panchayats. Profile of preceding and existing panchayat members and iner gender knowledge and performance cf existing panchayat members as well as panchayats as a whole was studied. The existing panchayat members were younger in age, more qualified, had more of trainings exposure and using more number of media sources and ICT tool. While the preceding panchayat members had more annual income and social participation of family members. Significant differences in knowledge of male and female panchayat members was seen with respect to demography of village, government functionaries, functions and power of gram sabha, general constitution and meeting of gram Panchayat; sources of gram fund, type of fees levied by gram panchayat, major registers, duties of gram sachiv. Male and female panchayat members differed significantly in knowledge about mandatory function; constitutional role in agriculture and allied activities, farm forestry and cottage industry and rural sanitation and public health. Both male and female panchayat members had low knowledge regarding mandatory functions and high regarding discretionary roles. Knowledge of male members was high regarding most of the constitutional roles; however, the knowledge of female members was moderate about most of the constitutional roles. Neither the male nor the female panchayat members had high performance score in any the activities. Male members had either low, moderate or high level of performance in almost equal number of activities; however, performance of female panchayat members was of low extent with respect to majority of the activities. The female headed panchayats had better performance in terms of holding panchayat & gram sabha meetings; passing resolutions; beneficiary selection; planning & budget formulation; sources of income generation; establishment of local institutions; implementation of schemes; accountability & transparency.The male headed panchayats performed better in terms of attendance in gram sabha meetings; management and capacity building, civic duties; strengthening of institutions and receiving awards for excellence in performance.ThesisItem Open Access Standardization of processing technology for instant kadhi premix(CCSHAU, 2018) Bansal, Amit; RekhaThe present investigation ―Standardization of processing technology for instant Kadhi premix‖ was conducted with objectives to develop instant kadhi premix, and evaluate to the quality and shelf life of the product during storage. Instant kadhi premix consisted of the kadhi powder, seasoning and dried vegetables (optional) packed separately. Kadhi was prepared from besan, turmeric and salt along with curd and buttermilk. It was freeze dried and tray dried; finely ground to form powder and packed in aluminium and polypropylene pouches. Seasoning was prepared from partially dried (microwave) and onion and garlic. The developed product was evaluated at 15 days intervals for its quality and shelf life during the 90 days of storage. Physico-chemical, the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibres, ash, carbohydrates and energy of kadhi powder prepared from curd and buttermilk ranged (4.70 and 4.93%), (8.79 and 9.57%), (2.90 and 5.10%), (4.90 and 5.87%), (8.46 and 10.15%), (71.10 and 73.94%) and (675-726Kcal). Moisture, water activity, non-enzymatic browning, acidity, free fatty acids and peroxide value significantly increased while rehydration ratio was significantly decrease during three months storage with time. Instant kadhi reconstituted from instant kadhi premix was acceptable during the storage. The freeze dried kadhi prepared from buttermilk was more acceptable than tray dried kadhi prepared from curd. Instant kadhi premix packed in aluminium laminated pouches had better storage quality over the product packed in polypropylene pouches. The instant kadhi premix took 3 minutes and 30 seconds for reconstitution in boiling water. The cost of 25 g kadhi powder prepared from curd using freeze drying method was `128.80 instant premix powder (with seasoning) followed by kadhi prepared from curd using tray drying `31.36, kadhi from buttermilk using freeze drying `108.61and kadhi prepared from buttermilk using tray drying `128.80 providing 270 ml of kadhi sufficient for one serving.ThesisItem Open Access Sensitivity analysis of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) to weather parameters using WOFOST model(CCSHAU, 2018) Gujjar, Ravi; Dagar, C.S.The experiment entitled “Sensitivity analysis of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) to weather parameters using WOFOST model” was conducted at the research farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal), Haryana. The treatments included three dates of transplantingviz.2nd fortnight of June, 1st fortnight of July and 2nd fortnight of July in the main plots and four cultivars namely CSR-30, PB-1121, PB-1 and Haryana Basmati-2 in the subplots, resulting in 12 treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with each treatment replicated four times. The crop was raised with recommended package of practices. Among the different transplanting environments, Early transplanting i.e. 2nd fortnight of June took more number of days to attain physiological maturity as compared to delayed transplanting. Among the varietiesCSR-30 took maximum number of days to attain physiological maturity followed by HB-2, PB-1121 and PB-1. The early transplanted crop took more number of days to attain maturity and accumulated higher growing degree days. Among the varieties the maximum growing degree days (2631 °C days) were accumulated by CSR-30 followed by variety Haryana Basmati-2 (2537 °C days), PB-1121(2517 °C days) and PB-1(2480 °C days) to reach physiological maturity. Similar trend was also observed in case of HTU, PTU accumulation. The crop transplanted during 1st fortnight of July utilized thermal time more efficiently with highest HUE followed by 2nd fortnight of June and 2nd fortnight of July transplanted crop during the growing season. Higher HUE was recorded in variety CSR-30 followed by variety, Haryana Basmati-2, PB-1121 and PB-1during crop season. Highest grain yield was recorded by crop transplanted during 2nd fortnight of June followed by 1st fortnight of July and 2nd fortnight of July and among the varieties, the grain yield of Haryana Basmati-2 was highest followed by PB-1121, PB-1 and CSR-30. The WOFOST model was validated by using previously calibrated coefficients and the model simulation for phenology, grain yield and maximum LAI was within acceptable limit except straw yield. The sensitivity analysis of rice to weather parameters was also carried out using the WOFOST model by altering the weather parameters in weather input file of the model. It was found that the crop phenology is more affected by the minimum temperature alteration by +2 °C and the yield and LAI of delayed transplanted crop was more affected by the sunshine hour‟s variation.ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative study on nutritional status of elderly people from old age homes and family setup(CCSHAU, 2018) Priti; Sindhu, Sangeeta C.The present study was planned to compare the nutritional status of elderly from old age homes to their counterparts living in urban or rural family set ups and disseminate need based education. There were 180 study subjects selected randomly from the three residential set ups of Hisar. Of the total, 53.88 per cent were male and 46.11 per cent were female. Majority of male respondents (39.18%) had been in agriculture sector to earn living during their active years while majority of female respondents had been house wives. Majority of respondents (53.33%) elderly were illiterate, had sedentary life style (66.67%), had a living spouse (66.11%) and had monthly family income between Rs.10001-30,000. Most common reason for shifting to old age home was conflicting relations with family. Respondents from old age home were least active and those from rural family set up were most active. Mean PAL of respondents varied from 1.12±0.02 to 1.96±0.09. Osteoporosis (94.44%), joint pain (87.78%), loss of appetite (85.56%) and anemia (80.56%) were the most commonly reported problems. Per cent prevalence of most problems was higher in old age home respondents. Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living was used to assess level of independence. The level of independence was lowest in old age home respondents. Depression prevalence was more noticeable in residents of old age home. Based on MNA scale, per cent of elderly assessed as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition was higher in old age home followed by rural family set up. No significant differences (P≤ 0.05) were observed in anthropometric measurements of females from three different residential set ups except in case of mean waist circumference, mean hip circumference and waist to hip ratio which were significantly higher (P≤ 0.05) in urban family set up females. Mean waist to hip ratio of females from all three family set ups was higher than the cut off value of 0.85 thus suggesting abdominal obesity. Male elderly from urban family set up were significantly (p≤0.05) heavier and taller to their counterparts from old age home and rural family set up. Mean waist to hip ratio of male respondents from all three residential set ups was within the cut off limit of > 90 cm. Based on BMI, 32 elderly people were reported as underweight, 89 as normal weight, 46 as overweight and 13 were in the category of obese. Old age home had higher per cent of underweight as well as obese. Genderwise, significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed in mean BMI of male and female respondents. Dual malnutrition was very much evident in all three residential set ups. The mean daily food intake for all food groups was significantly (p ≤0.05) below RDI (20.46-98.45 % of RDI) in elderly respondents from old age home. On the contrary, it was significantly (p ≤0.05) higher than RDI (104.48-141.16 % of RDI) for most food groups in urban as well as rural family set up respondents. Fruit intake was significantly (p ≤0.05) lower in all residential set ups and both genders. Mean nutrient intake significantly (p≤0.05) lower in case of all elderly under study. Intake of most nutrients differed significantly (p≤0.05) among the females from three different residential setups. Nutrient intake by both male and female elderly from old age home was significantly (p≤0.05) lower than that of their counterparts in urban or rural family set up. Nutrient adequacy for all nutrients except energy and protein was found to be below 50 per cent in old age home. The elderly people of urban family setup had significantly (p≤0.05) higher scores of dietary diversity and food variety than rural family setup and old age home respondents. Pearson’s correlations coefficients for past occupation of elderly people and family income and BMI for age were significant (r=0.23; p≤0.05 and r=0.21; p≤0.05). Also adequacy ratio for energy, fat and protein were significantly associated with residential set up. Nutrition education significantly (p≤0.05) improved mean score of elderly regarding nutrition knowledge.
