Loading...
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
Browse
124 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Developmental and propagation of educational package for sanitation among school children(CCSHAU, 2016) Soni, Rekha; Mehta, ManjuHealth is one of the most important aspects of life of human life. Sanitation education is an active process of learning and doing by itself. In this process on individual has to assimilation and internalize the information and ideas, develop favorable attitude and adopt a behavior necessary for good health. For the assessment of sanitation in schools two areas rural and urban was selected from the Hisar district of Haryana state, for rural area two villages viz; Gawar and Devan and from urban area Hisar was selected purposively. From the selected areas two government schools from each areas was selected, from the selected four schools, fifty 9th and 10th class students from each school was selected for making a total of 200 respondents. Various socio- personal, economic and communication variables constituted the independent variables and knowledge, attitude, practices constituted the dependent variables. Data were collected with the help of pre- tested structured interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency, percentage, paired„t‟ test, weighted mean score and correlation. The study revealed that more than half of the respondents were in 9th class with 15 to 16 years of age, had low family education status, medium size nuclear family and belonged to lower caste with labour work as their main family occupation. Majority of the respondents had negligible social participation. A set of five main messages on sanitation, viz. personal hygiene, food protection, water management, waste management and environmental sanitation were identified with its ten sub messages. Educational package that is poster, leaflet and lecture was prepared covering all the main messages. All posters were found highly effective for all its parameters by the experts. The five leaflets were also found highly effective for its all parameters. The impact of media regarding almost all messages, knowledge level, attitude and practices regarding sanitation of the respondents was low at pre exposure stage and shifted medium at post exposure stage. Impact Assessment Index of knowledge and attitude was found to be at moderate level in both urban and rural areas. Knowledge gain was found to be significant at 0.05 percent level of significance for all the messages of sanitation. Change in attitude and practices were found to be significant at 0.05 percent level of significance for all the messages related to sanitation. Change in practices was recorded significant at 0.05 level of significance among all the respondents. There was a positive relationship between age, education, occupation, family size and income of the family with gain in knowledge and negative correlation with caste. There was a positive relationship between age, education, occupation, family size and income of the family with change in attitude and negative correlation with caste.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptation of kasuti embroidery motifs for hand painted textile articles(CCSHAU, 2016) Renu; Arya, NishaThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to explore the possibility of adaptation of kasuti embroidery motifs for fabric painting. Fifty kasuti embroidery motifs were collected personally from secondary sources like books, journals, and internet. The collected motifs were screened and categorized as geometrical, floral, and animal & bird motifs keeping in mind their suitability for fabric painting on selected articles. These three categories included ten motifs each. These motifs were assessed by experts for their selection. Top ranked five motifs in each category were selected by experts for further research work. Maximum number of collected motifs were geometrical and floral motifs. Preference of experts for selection of article to be hand painted using traditional kasuti embroidery motifs. A total of forty five designs were created using fifteen selected motifs with the help of CorelDRAW software. Top ranked three designs were selected by expertts by using a preferential choice index for design placements and colour ways. A total of six articles, three hand painted jacket and three hand painted file folder were developed as per the selected designs, their placements and colour ways. Developed articles were assessed by sixty consumers for their acceptability on various parameters. Created designs and fabric painting technique were highly acceptable parameters while design placement, colour ways were acceptable parameters of all the designs by consumers. In terms of overall appearance, design number 11 of painted jacket got Ist rank followed by design number 16 got IInd rank while painted jacket of design number 5 got IIIrd rank. Painted file folder of design number 37 got Ist rank, painted file folder of design number 28 got IInd rank and painted file folder of design number 21 got IIIrd rank. Cost of all the developed articles was considered ‘appropriate. Consumers had high opinion about all the designs of developed articles as they were strongly agreed with all the opinion statements regarding suitability of created designs for product and technique, size and shape of created designs, design placements, colour schemes and overall appearance of the developed articles with average scores ranging between 2.36 to 2.60. Consumers had high opinion regarding adaptation of kasuti embroidery for fabric painting as they strongly opined that fabric painting was time saving and cost effective surface embellishment technique as per market trend. It was easy in execution and has effectively replicated the effect of kasuti embroidery to maintain its beauty. Thus, transformation of innovative designs of kasuti embroidery motifs for hand painting has enhanced the range of designing and productivity.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of nutritional status of school going adolescents of Hisar district of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2016) Sushma Rani; Dahiya, SarojThe present study was conducted in Hisar district to determine nutritional status of school going adolescents and assess the impact of nutrition education on knowledge gain of adolescents (13- 17 yrs). Total 200 respondents both boys and girls were selected randomly from the two villages namely, Dhana Kalan and Dhana Khurd of rural and urban area of Hansi-I block of Hisar district. Out of 200 school going adolescents, 50 adolescents were selected randomly for imparting nutrition education. Nutritional status of adolescents was assessed using methods of dietary survey (24 hr recall method), anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI, mid upper arm circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist to hip ratio) and clinical assessment of signs and symptoms of various nutrient deficiency diseases. Data on personal and socio-economic profile of school going adolescents (13-17 yrs) revealed that 41 per cent belonged to schedule caste category. Most of the respondents (78.50%) were from nuclear families and 69.50 per cent of the respondents belonged to medium sized (5-7 members) families. Sixty two per cent of respondents’ fathers were engaged in agriculture work and majority (75.50) of respondents’ mothers were non-working (housewives). The average family income of 65.00 per cent families was Rs.5001-10000 per month. Majority (96.50%) were vegetarian. The mean daily intake of cereals, pulses, fats and oils, milk and milk products, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, roots and tubers, sugar and jaggery and fruits was found to be significantly lower than RDI in both boys and girls in rural and urban sample. The intake of cereals and milk and milk products was significantly highly in boys of age group 13-15 years and 16-17 years as compared to girls of both age groups. Similarly the cereal and milk and milk products intake was significantly higher in rural adolescents (boys and girls) of both age group as compared to those of urban adolescents of both age groups. The mean daily intake of nutrients like energy, protein, fat, calcium, iron, -carotene, vitamin C and zinc were also significantly lower than RDA in both boys and girls of rural and urban area. However the difference was non-significant in rural and urban area. The mean height, weight, BMI, mid upper arm circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist to hip ratio of boys and girls were found to be significantly (p 0.01) lower than the standard reference values. Clinical examination revealed that lack of lustre was found in 40.00 per cent adolescents, while pale conjunctiva, diffused pigmentation, angular scars, scarlet and raw tongue, magenta tongue, mottled enamel, dental caries, spongy and bleeding gums, xerosis in the skin were observed in (14.0, 21.5, 1.5, 4.0, 1.0, 23.5, 9.0, 7.5 and 9.0%) of school going adolescents, respectively. Socio-economic variables like family type, occupation, family income and working status had significant effect on food and nutrient intake of all selected adolescents in rural and urban area. Data on nutrition education revealed that most of the adolescents had inadequate knowledge about various aspects of nutrition before imparting nutrition education. A significant (P<0.01) gain in knowledge scores of school going adolescents was found after imparting nutrition education regarding various aspects of nutrition. Therefore, there is an urgent need to educate adolescents and their mothers about importance of balanced diet to improve their nutritional status.ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological and biochemical traits for heat tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes(CCSHAU, 2016) Parveen Kumar; Neeraj KumarThe present investigation was carried out with six chickpea genotypes viz. ICCV 92944 (Tolerant, National check), H 07-120, H 08-75, H 09-90, H 09-96 and HC-1 differing in their heat sensitivity, to study the high temperature induced changes in morphological, physiological, biochemical, yield and its attributing character in the field conditions. Sampling was done at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing (DAS) for growth parameters and <30 °C (control) and >30 °C (stress) conditions for physiological and biochemical traits. The water potential (Ψw) and osmotic potential (Ψs) of leaves decreased in all the genotypes in stress (>30 °C) conditions. The water potential of leaves varied from -0.89 to -1.09 in stress (>30 °C) and from -0.66 to -0.80 in control (<30 °C) conditions among chickpea genotypes. With exposure to high temperature, RWC (%) of leaves also declined in all the six genotypes. RWC (%) was higher in H 07-120, followed by ICCV 92944 and lowest in H 09-90 in stress (>30 °C) conditions. The proline content of leaves increased significantly from 0.766 to 0.821 and 0.659 to 0.737 mg g-1 dry weight in H 07-120 and H 09-90 genotypes,respectively in stress (>30 °C) conditions. Likewise, the total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) content of leaves also increased from 13.85 to 14.56 and 11.56 to 12.71 mg g-1 dry weight in H 07-120 and H 09-90, respectively. A marked increase in hydrogen peroxide H2O2, lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and relative stress injury (RSI %) was noticed in leaves which was much higher in H 09-90 than all other six chickpea genotypes in stress (>30 °C) conditions. More negative values of Ψw of leaves, Ψs of leaves and better accumulation of osmotically active solutes, i.e. proline, TSC in H 07-120, helped in maintaining the higher RWC % of these organs than noticed in other chickpea genotypes. The specific activities of ROS scavenging enzymes such as SOD, CAT and POX increased in leaves of all the six chickpea genotypes in stress (>30 °C) conditions. The increase was more in H 07-120 as compared to other chickpea genotypes. Higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, lower accumulation H2O2 and MDA content in H 07-120 than all others indicated that these enzymes play a key role in removal of ROS better in H 07-120 than all other six chickpea genotypes, thus minimizing the cellular damage caused by ROS in stress (>30 °C) conditions. Pollen viability (%) was also adversely affected with 4 days exposure to high temperature (>30 °C); the effect being most pronounced in H 09-90. The yield parameters like number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, 100 seed weight and seed yield plant-1 were more in H 07-120 than in others chickpea genotypes in late sown condition. Seed yield had significantly positive correlation with RWC and pollen viability, proline content, total soluble carbohydrates, CAT, POX, SOD and negative with water potential, osmotic potential, H2O2 and RSI. Hence, the mechanism of heat tolerance was relatively better in H 07-120 than other six chickpea genotypes as found from physiological, biochemical, reproductive behavior, yield and its attributing traits.ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological and biochemical traits for cold tolerance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes(CCSHAU, 2016) Mahesh Kumar; Neeraj KumarThe present investigation was carried out with six chickpea genotypes viz. ICCV 88506 (Tolerant, National check), HC-1, H03-56, H07-120, H08-71 and H09- 96 differing in their cold sensitivity, to study the low temperature (<5°C) induced changes in morphological, physiological, biochemical, yield and its attributing character under field conditions. Sampling was done at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing (DAS) for growth parameters and 4 day exposure to below (stress) and above (control) 5 °C temperature for physiological and biochemical parameters. The water potential (Ψw) and osmotic potential (Ψs) of leaves decreased in all the genotypes after 4 days exposure (DAE) to low temperature (<5 °C). H03-56 showed more negative values Ψw of leaves i.e. from -0.70 to -0.85 MPa as compared to -0.45 to -0.65 MPa in HC-1, respectively in control (>5 °C) and stress (<5 °C) conditions. Likewise, the Ψs of leaves decreased from -0.84 to -1.04 MPa in H03-56 and -0.59 MPa to -0.81 MPa in HC-1. With exposure to low temperature (<5 °C), RWC (%) of leaves also declined in all the six genotypes. RWC (%) was higher in HC-1, followed by H07-120 and lowest in H03-56 in stress (<5 °C) conditions. The proline content of leaves increased significantly from 0.781 to 0.913 and 0.605 to 0.798 mg g-1 dry weight, respectively in HC-1 and H03-56 genotypes in stress (<5°C) conditions. Likewise, the total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) content of leaves also increased from 18.35 to 22.74 and 16.83 to 19.69 mg g-1 dry weight in HC-1 and H03-56, respectively. A marked increase in hydrogen peroxide H2O2, lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and relative stress injury (RSI %) was noticed in leaves which was much highest in H03-56 than all other six chickpea genotypes in stress (<5 °C) condition. More negative values of Ψw of leaves, Ψs of leaves and better accumulation of osmotically active solutes, i.e. proline, TSC of HC-1 and H07-120, helped in maintaining the higher RWC % of these organs than noticed in other genotypes in stress conditions. The specific activities of ROS scavenging enzymes such as SOD, CAT and POX also increased in leaves of all the six chickpea genotypes, in stress (<5 °C) condition. The increase was more in HC-1 and H07-120 as compared to other chickpea genotypes. Higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, lower accumulation H2O2 and MDA content in HC-1 and H07-120 than all others indicated that these enzymes play a key role in removal of ROS better in these genotypes than all other six chickpea genotypes, thus minimizing the cellular damage caused by ROS under chilling stress. Pollen viability (%) was also adversely affected in stress (<5 °C) condition; the effect being most pronounced in H03-56. The yield parameters like number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, 100 seed weight and seed yield plant-1 were more in HC-1 and H07-120 than others in early sown condition.Seed yield had significantly positive correlation with RWC, pollen viability, proline content, total soluble carbohydrates, SOD, CAT, POX and negative with water potential, osmotic potential, H2O2 and RSI. Hence, the mechanism of cold tolerance was better in HC-1 and H07-120 than other six chickpea genotypes as found from physiological, biochemical, reproductive behavior, yield and its attributing traits studied.ThesisItem Open Access Spatial and temporal distribution of monthly rainfall in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2016) Nain, Mohit; Hooda, B.K.The analysis of monthly rainfall pattern of a region over a number of years is very useful for crop planning and irrigations scheduling. The present study focused on the probability distribution of monthly rainfall in various IMD rain gauge stations and identification of homogeneous rainfall regions in Haryana. The spatial and temporal distribution of monthly rainfall for the period 1970-2011, covering 27 rain gauge stations of Haryana has been studied. Probabilities of drought, normal and abnormal events for monthly rainfall were worked out. The results revealed that drought months are more probable than normal months while normal months are more probable than abnormal months. In case of yearly rainfall, normal years are more probable than drought and abnormal years. For examining the monotonic trend direction and magnitude of change over time, the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator tests were used. Increasing as well as decreasing trends were observed at various rain gauge stations. A significant decrease in annual rainfall was noticed at Ballabgarh and Thanesar while significant increasing trend was noticed at Sirsa only. In monsoon rainfall a significant decreasing trend was observed at Thanesar and Narnaul while significant increasing trend at Sirsa. Clustering of rainfall stations for monsoon period was done using Ward’s method applied on the common principal components scores (CPCs). The results indicated that there are 4 clusters of rain gauge stations having similar monsoon rainfall spread over Haryana. Cluster analysis of mean monthly rainfall was also performed using Ward’s method. The two analyses gave the patterns in close agreement.ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of pedal operated maize sheller(CCSHAU, 2016) Vinay; Singh, V.K.In India, Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop after the rice and wheat. Many farmers grow maize but could not afford the cost of acquiring some of the imported threshing machines because of their cost. Such people resort to manual means of threshing which results into low efficiency, high level of wastage and exerting of much labor. This machine was constructed to shell maize and separate the cob from the grains. It was constructed from locally available materials and its cost is low and affordable. The operating speed of pedal operated maize sheller was optimized for its operation at higher operating speeds in pedaling mode. Effect of operational parameters of pedal operated maize sheller i.e. shelling disc r.p.m. (80, 130, 150, 230 and 280) and moisture content (7, 9, 11, 13 and 15%) of maize on machine capacity (kg/h), unshelled grain (%), mechanically damaged grain (%), shelling efficiency (%) and cleaned outlet grain (%) were studied. The capacity of machine was maximum 56.71 kg/h with maximum shelling efficiency and cleaned outlet grain i.e. 99.25 (%) and 98.45 (%) respectively and minimum mechanically damaged i.e. 3.88 % at shelling disc r.p.m (180 r.p.m) and moisture content of maize was 9 %. After the optimization of operational parameters of the machine using RSM, the results were found that capacity of machine and shelling efficiency were maximum i.e. 65.92 and 99.60 % respectively and mechanically damage was minimum i.e. 4.77 % at 216.4 shelling disc r.p.m and 8.17 % moisture content of maize.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of climate change effects on mustard yield using InfoCrop model for western Haryana(CCSHAU, 2016) Choudhary, Divesh; Raj SinghField experiment entitled “Assessment of climate change effects on mustard yield using InfoCrop model for western Haryana” was conducted during Rabi season (2012-13 and 2013-14) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (29° 10 N, 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 m). The D1 (10th Oct., 2012-13 and 21st Oct., 2013-14) sown crop performed better in respect of agrometeorological indices, growth and yield parameters as compared to D2 (25th Oct., 2012-13 and 30th Oct., 2013-14) and D3 (8th Nov., 2012- 13 and 10th Nov., 2013-14) date of sowings. The delayed sowing led to increase the vegetative and reduced reproductive phases are detrimental to healthy sink development. Among varieties, RH 0749 performed better in respect of agrometeorological indices, growth and yield parameters as compared to Laxmi and RH 30 in both the crop seasons. Simulation results of mustard crop by using InfoCrop and WOFOST model were simulated within the acceptable limit. So, both models proved to be valuable tool for predicting mustard yield for climate change study under projected climate change scenarios, whereas InfoCrop given the good response as compared to WOFOST model. In the projected climate change scenario A1b 2030; the Tmax, Tmin, rainfall and CO2 concentration i.e. 2.2ºC (6.8%), 3.2ºC (19.8%), 71.7mm (16.1%) and 87ppm (24.2%) found higher as compare to baseline period. The Tmax, Tmin, rainfall and CO2 concentration found higher i.e. 5.0ºC (15.7%), 6.0ºC (36.6%), 91.4mm (20.6%) and 279.0ppm (77.5%) in the projected climate change scenario A1b 2080 as compare to baseline period. The variation in Tmax, Tmin, rainfall and CO2 concentration found i.e. 5.8ºC (18.3%), 6.2ºC (38.3%), -12.2mm (-2.8%) and 87ppm (24.2%) in the projected climate change scenario A2 2080 as compare to baseline period. The highest reduction in mustard seed yield was found in A2 2080 projected climate change scenario as compare to A1b 2080 and A1b 2030. Late sown (November) mustard crop showed more reduction in phenology, yield and yield attributes as compared to October sown, whereas among the varieties, RH 0749 showed resistant to projected climate change as compare to Laxmi and RH 30. The improved variety with irrigation management and increased fertilizer dose found more helpful than other adaptation measures to enhance seed yield of mustard during A1b 2080 and A2 2080 projected climate change scenarios under normal sown (10th Oct.). The improved variety with irrigation management and increased fertilizer dose gave 15.8, 17.5 and 19.4% gain in seed yield using InfoCrop model; and 12.0, 12.4 and 13.3% gain by WOFOST model for RH 30, Laxmi and RH 0749 under A1b 2080, respectively, whereas 12.2, 13.7 and 15.2% gain by using InfoCrop model; and 9.9, 11.0 and 11.5% by WOFOST model under A2 2080 scenario for varieties RH 30, Laxmi and RH 0749, respectively. The net vulnerability of mustard yield was -2.5 and -6.1% by using InfoCrop and WOFOST model under A1b 2080 projected climate change scenario, whereas -21.3 and -28.2% by using InfoCrop and WOFOST model under A2 2080 projected climate change scenario.ThesisItem Open Access Spent mushroom substrate utilization using different portable technologies(CCSHAU, 2016) Sandeep Kumar; YadvikaIn present scenario, portable technologies are becoming popular because of their fabrication, installation, transportation and less space requirement. These are effective and efficient in terms of technology and cost. Mushroom industry is generating about 1-2 million tons per ton of mushroom harvested. Hence, the disposal of spent mushroom substrate is becoming a challenge for the mushroom growers. In the present study, three portable technologies i.e. Portable biogas plant, vermibed and biomass geyser were selected. Utilization of spent mushroom substrate was done using these portable technologies. Also one portable earthworm separator machine was developed during the course of this study. SMS was added as additive (2%) in 2 m3 portable biogas plant on alternative days for 4 months i.e. Jan-April. The average daily temperature varied between 18-40°C. Biogas production in control and SMS based biogas plants varied between 600 to 1214 litres and 726 to 1438 litres, respectively. The methane percentage was 55% in control and 60% in SMS based biogas plant. The benefit cost ratio of biogas plant came out to be around 1.5 and payback period was 3.62 years. Two portable vermibeds were fed with cattle dung and SMS in 2:1 and 4:1 ratio for compost preparation. The vermicompost was prepared in 70 days. N, P, K content of 2:1 based vermicompost were 0.16, 0.57 and 0.19% and 4:1 based vermicompost were 1.90, 0.57 and 1.54%. 4:1 based vermicompost was found to be better as compared to 2:1. The benefit cost ratio of vermibed was found to be around 4 and payback period was 3 months. The separation of vermicompost and earthworm was done using developed portable earthworm separator. It took 1 min to separate 2 kg of vermicompost. The separations efficiency was around 90%. The cost of this developed machine was Rs. 5000. Portable biomass geyser was operated on a mixture of cattle dung and SMS (5:1) for heating water. The cost of heating 100 litres of H2O came out to be Rs. 54 in case of electric geyser and Rs. 32 in case of biomass geyser. It can be concluded from the present study that SMS has proved to be a suitable additive along with cattle dung in portable technologies viz. Biogas plant, Vermibed and Biomass geyser. Hence, this waste can be disposed off in an eco friendly and more energy efficient manner using farmer friendly portable technologies.