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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Phenotyping and molecular marker analysis of selected F3 segregating lines from aerobic x low land indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) crosses(CCSHAU, 2015) Kanika Rani; Jain, R.K.Experiments were conducted to evaluate F3 segregating populations derived from the five crosses (PAU201 x MAS25, MASARB25 x PAU201, PAU201 x MAS26, MASARB25 x HKR47 and MAS25 x HKR47) for various physio-morphological and/or root traits and microsatellite markers linked to the traits promoting aerobic adaptation. MASARB25, MAS25 and MAS26 are aerobic while PAU201 and HKR47 are low-land indica rice varieties. In all the five populations, wide variation was observed for plant height, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, root length, root thickness, fresh and dry root weight, 1000 grain weight, grain length-breadth ratio and grain yield per plant. In these populations, significant positive correlation was observed between yield per plant with plant height, effective no. of tillers per plant, length-breadth ratio, 1000 grain weight, root biomass and/or root length. The NTSYS-pc UPGMA tree cluster analysis and 2-D PCA scaling of selected F3 plants derived from the five crosses clearly showed large variation among two parental genotypes and F3 plants were invariably interspersed between them. A number of promising F3 plants have been selected, which had higher grain yield, root length and biomass greater than MAS25, MAS26 and MASARB25 for further progeny analysis. Most of these selected plants had the desired allele for the markers reported earlier to be linked with the aerobic adaptation traits (RM234 and RM547 for root length on chromosome 7 and 8 respectively; RM525 for root thickness and root biomass on chromosome 2).ThesisItem Open Access Micronutrient and SSR marker analysis of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucam (L.) R. Br.] inbred lines(CCSHAU, 2015) Sangwan, Sonali; Shikha YashveerA set of thirty-six pearl millet inbred lines was used to study genetic variability and correlation analysis for seven morphological characters namely days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), ear length (cm), ear diameter (cm), 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g) and dry fodder yield per plant (g) along with micronutrient (Fe and Zn) status. The pearl millet inbred lines were evaluated in randomized block design with two replications in two environments during 2014. Analysis of variance for all the characters under study showed significant differences indicating the presence of genetic variability among the inbreds. The estimates of variability parameter for grain yield, contributing traits and Fe and Zn content revealed the high PCV value as compared to GCV value that suggests the role of environment in the expression of all these characters. An additive gene action was indicated for dry fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant, Fe and Zn content by high to moderate heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean values. Correlation analysis showed highly significant correlation between grain Fe and Zn content which signifies simultaneous improvement in the two traits. Grain yield per plant showed no significant negative correlation with Fe and Zn that suggests improvement in nutrient value without sacrificing yield. A set of 30 SSR primers was also used for molecular diversity assessment in 36 pearl millet inbred lines. Mean allele per locus and PIC obtained was 10.5 and 0.796, respectively. Cluster analysis distributed these genotypes into 9 clusters where 4 genotypes failed to fall in any of these clusters.ThesisItem Open Access Production and Export potential of Tomato and its processed products in India(CCSHAU, 2015) Punia, Meenu; Mehta, V.P.India ranks second in the area as well as in production of tomato next to China. In total world production, the share of China and India was 23.61 and 8.49 per cent, respectively. The surplus production of tomato causes glut in the market, causing distress sale and low profit to the growers and the probable solutions to the problem is to export the surplus tomato production in fresh or processed form. The present study has made an attempt to have Production and Export Potential of Tomato and its processed products in India with these objectives, (1) to study the trends in area, production and productivity of tomato in India, (2) to analyze the performance and trends in export of tomato and its processed products, (3) to analyze the contribution of Haryana in production and export of tomato. The present study is based on secondary data which were collected from various issues of the Statistical Abstract of Haryana, agricultural statistics at a glance and economic survey of India and other published and unpublished sources. Linear growth rates were computed by fitting linear function and least square technique was used to compute the compound growth rates by fitting exponential function. The regression analysis was carried out for a time span, using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. In overall period (1991-2014), area, production and productivity of India increased at a compound annual growth rate of 4.9, 6.4 and 1.1 per cent per annum. RCA in both tomatoes and tomato products was far less than unity and the RSCA were negative, almost -1. Fresh tomatoes contributed maximum in the export basket of India. In overall period (1991-2013), area and production of Haryana increased at a compound annual growth rate of 9.1 and 6.7 per cent and productivity declined by 2.1 per cent per annuum. Haryana’s rank was12th in tomato production with 2.2 per cent share. The values of CV in export of tomato and its products, except fresh tomatoes, came down during the second period than first period, which indicated that export of tomato and tomato products from India became more stable during the second period than first period. The study reveals that the existence of high instability in export of tomato and its products require the attention of policymakers to retain hold on the international market. Tomato is an important vegetable-cum-processing crop of India. Its productivity is very low. So, there is need to popularize the improved production technology and processing varieties. Market survey of importing countries should have to be done to strengthen the export in the upcoming years. Government should declare support price for tomato crop prior to its sowing season and implement, “Crop Insurance Scheme” as the crop is highly perishable.ThesisItem Open Access Economic analysis of vegetable cultivation under polyhouses in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2015) Parveen Kumar; Chauhan, R.S.Vegetables are the main source of vitamins and minerals. The vegetables also offer better crop diversification and crop intensification. During winter season under north Indian conditions, it is extremely difficult to grow capsicum, cucumber in open field conditions; however various types of protected structures have been developed for growing some high value crops continuously by providing favorable environment condition and giving protection from the excessive cold and this is called polyhouse technology. The present study has made an attempt to have Economic analysis of vegetable cultivation under polyhouses in Haryana with these objectives. 1. To study the present status of polyhouse cultivation in Haryana. 2. To compare the economics of vegetable cultivation under polyhouse & open field conditions. 3. To identify the constraints and to assess the prospects of vegetable cultivation under polyhouses. The present study was conducted in Karnal district of Haryana selected purposely on the basis of maximum number of polyhouses in the state. Two blocks were selected randomly, i.e. Gharaundha and Indri. Again, two villages from each block were selected on the basis of predominance of vegetable cultivation both under polyhouses & open field conditions. Ten respondent farmers each under polyhouses & open field conditions were randomly selected from each village, thus making a total sample of 80 respondents. On the basis of the nature of the data, simple statistical tools like averages and percentage were used to compare, contrast and interpret results properly. The primary data for the agriculture year 2013-14 were collected by survey method by conducting personal interviews of the selected farmers with the help of specially designed schedule. The overall findings reveal that in polyhouses, farmers adopted three cropping pattern R1, R2 and R3 i.e. tomato-cucumber (R1), capsicum-cucumber (R2) and cucumber-cucumber-cucumber (R3) respectively. The cost of cultivation for R1, R2 and R3 were ₹607720.36, ₹581816.43 and ₹849876.2 per acre respectively. In comparative economics analysis the cost of cultivation of selected vegetables tomato, capsicum and cucumber under polyhouses were higher as compared to open field conditions by ₹206816.90, ₹246564.40 and ₹185651 per acre respectively. The net retunes from polyhouses were higher as compared to open field conditions by ₹51097.54, ₹124870.01 and ₹97138.68 per acre respectively. The results of the study revealed that the vegetables cultivation under polyhouses have contributed to the yield significantly. The major constraint reported by the respondent farmers were short life of polyethylene sheet, infestation of insect, nematodes & diseases, high cost of fertilizers and seeds. The constraints in the marketing of vegetable were lack of minimum support price, high price fluctuations, lack of market information and high cost of transportation.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women With Special Reference to Anaemia and Obesity in District Hisar ( Haryana)(CCSHAU, 2016) Sethi, Divya; Dahiya, SarojThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women and impart nutrition education to the selected pregnant women. A total of 250 subjects having pregnancy of third trimester selected randomly from different hospitals of district Hisar. Respondents from both govt. and private hospitals selected so as to draw a sample of both urban and rural women.Nutritional status of pregnant women was assessed in terms of dietary assessment, anthropometric measurement (height, weight and skin fold thickness) and clinical assessment of signs and symptoms of various nutrient deficiency diseases. Dietary assessment was done by 24 hour dietary recall method for three consecutive days of 100 respondents. The results of the study revealed that consumption of all food stuffs like cereals, pulses etc were lower in the diets of pregnant women. Nutrients like energy, fat, β- carotene, B-complex vitamins, Vitamin C, Iron and Calcium were found limiting in the diets of pregnant women. It was found that caste, family size, income, working status and education of respondents and husband‘s education had significant (P<0.05) effect on food intake of selected pregnant women. Effect of caste, family size,family type, income, respondent‘s occupation and education, husband‘s occupation and education were found to be significant (P<0.05) on nutrient intake of the pregnant women. Result indicated that out of 250 pregnant women 79.2 per cent pregnant women were anaemic while 20.8 per cent were non anaemic. Effect of type of family and income were significant (P < 0.05) on prevalence of anaemia. Majority 47.2% women were overweight, 25.2 percent obese, 22.8 percent normal weight and 4.8 percent underweight.Nutrition education was imparted to 50 selected pregnant women. It was found that majority of the responents had inadequate knowledge regarding nutrition before imparting nutrition education. After imparting nutritional education there was significant (P<0.01) improvement in knowledge of pregnant women in all the characteristics.ThesisItem Open Access Genetical, Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease in Gossypium hirsutum L.(CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of cold storage on some biological characteristics of parasitoid, Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)(CCSHAU, 2014) Rathee, Mandeep; Pala RamThe present studies on cold storage and overwintering of Aenasius bamabawalei were carried out during 2012-13 both in the laboratory as well as in the screen house of the Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to generate information on effect of cold storage of the parasitoid, A. bambawalei in different stages for different durations at different temperatures on its biological parameters and to evaluate the survival of the parasitoid during winter season. Studies on cold storage of the parasitoid were carried out by storing one-day-old Phenacoccus solenopsis mummies (i.e. in pupal stage) and freshly emerged adults at four storage temperatures i.e. 5, 10, 15 and 20°C for 1 to 8 weeks. It was found that the parasitoid A. bambawalei can be stored in pupal stage (i.e. in the mummies of P. solenopsis) for 1 week at 5°C and for 2 weeks each at 10 and 15°C, respectively, without any significant effect on the key biological parameters like emergence, longevity, fecundity and sex-ratio (F1 progeny). Emergence of the adults occurred within first week during storage at 20°C, hence, this temperature was not suitable for storing the parasitoid in pupal stage. Females took more time to emerge from the mummies stored for different durations at 5, 10 and 15°C as compared to males. The parasitoid adults of A. bambawalei can be stored only for 1 week at 10°C without any significant affect on the key biological parameters like survival, longevity, fecundity and sex-ratio (F1 progeny). The parasitoid A. bambawalei can be stored at low temperatures both in pupal and adult stages. However, it can be stored safely for longer duration in pupal stage as compared to adult stage. Emergence of parasitoid adults from overwintering mummies started from 11th standard week (first week of February), being maximum in 14th standard week (first week of March) and continued until 16th standard week (third week of March) when all the parasitoid adults had emerged. Maximum temperature ranged between 20.3 to 29.6oC and minimum between 6.6 to 12.5°C during the period of adult emergence. Honey fed parasitoid adults i.e. males survived for 52-84 days (69.33 days) and females survived for 69-103 days (83.40 days) during winter season in absence of host, when exposed on 5th December. The results of the present studies may be helpful in mass rearing and conservation of the parasitoid.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Correlation Analysis in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)(CCSHAU, 2015) Praveen kumar; Hooda, J.S.An attempt was made to study the genetic diversity among the 65 genotypes of faba bean. Significant difference for various traits indicated substantial amount of variability existed among the genotypes for various traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for seed yield, 100 seed weight, pod length, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant and days to 50% flowering. In general phenotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude than their genotypic correlation coefficient. Seed yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly correlated with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per plant, pods length, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight. Path analysis revealed that characters such as 100 seed weight and number of pods per plant were the major component traits of seed yield and hence these characters should be given priority in selection in view of their high heritability coupled with high genetic advance also. Following non hiericial eucleadean cluster analysis all 65 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters with variable number of genotypes. On the the basis of data on genetic diversity and mean performance of matric traits nine diverse and superior genotypes namely EC-628955, EC-628942, EC- 628937, EC-628936, EC-591755, EC-3134, EC-2112, EC-628930 and EC-591776 were identified as promising for most of the traits. So these genotypes may be used in further crop improvement programme.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular mapping of bacterial blight resistance gene, drought tolerant QTL(s) and genetic diversity analysis in clusterbean {Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L) Taub}(CCSHAU, 2011) Bajaj, Anshu; Boora, K.S.The present investigation was carried out to screen genetic diversity using RAPD markers and to identify and map the QTL for resistance to bacterial blight and drought tolerance in clusterbean .The plant material was procured from Forage section . For bacterial blight, the resistant (HG 75) & susceptible(PNB) genotypes were selected & crossed to generate F3 population. The F3 population was used to map QTLs. For drought tolerance studies genotypes HG 563 (tolerant) & PNB (susceptible) were used to generate the mapping population (F 2:3).The genetic diversity studies were carried out in 48 genotypes of clusterbean using 130 RAPD primers and 97 primers produced amplification of 705 alleles ;out of which 644 were polymorphic. The similarity ranged from 0.11 to 0.97.The dendrogram grouped the genotypes into two major clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.68. A variety FS277 was out grouped which is a forage variety. The genotype GP96 and F5277 were found to be most diverse (89%).The QTLs were identified for bacterial blight resistance using parental genotypes (HG75 & PNB) & their F3 population. The F 3 population was screened artificially for disease resistance along with the parent genotypes. Polymorphic primers were used to screen the F3 population & the major QTLs were identified for disease resistance using parental genotypes, HG75, PNB and their F 3 population. A total of 83 RAPD primers were used to screen the parental genotypes out of which nine primers were polymorphic. These primers were used to screen the F 3 population and the QTLs found were L19 , D1, AB7 and QLTY 3. Parental genotypes HG563 and PNB and their F2-3 genotypes were screened at field and net house for resistance to drought. Out of fifty genotypes, 12 were highly tolerant, 23 were moderately tolerant and 15 were susceptible to drought. The parents were screened with eighty seven primers out of which, sixteen were found polymorphic and nine QTLs were found linked to drought tolerance. Loci OPQ 20,OPD10, OPD14,OPQ 12,OPAC 8 and OPF 9 were major contributing QTLs and OPAC2,OPL3 and OPF17 are minor QTLs The diverse lines may be used for breeding programs to improve the production of agronomically superior genotypes of guar. The major QTLs for bacterial blight and drought tolerance may be used for introgression into agronomically superior genotypes of guar.