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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women With Special Reference to Anaemia and Obesity in District Hisar ( Haryana)(CCSHAU, 2016) Sethi, Divya; Dahiya, SarojThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women and impart nutrition education to the selected pregnant women. A total of 250 subjects having pregnancy of third trimester selected randomly from different hospitals of district Hisar. Respondents from both govt. and private hospitals selected so as to draw a sample of both urban and rural women.Nutritional status of pregnant women was assessed in terms of dietary assessment, anthropometric measurement (height, weight and skin fold thickness) and clinical assessment of signs and symptoms of various nutrient deficiency diseases. Dietary assessment was done by 24 hour dietary recall method for three consecutive days of 100 respondents. The results of the study revealed that consumption of all food stuffs like cereals, pulses etc were lower in the diets of pregnant women. Nutrients like energy, fat, β- carotene, B-complex vitamins, Vitamin C, Iron and Calcium were found limiting in the diets of pregnant women. It was found that caste, family size, income, working status and education of respondents and husband‘s education had significant (P<0.05) effect on food intake of selected pregnant women. Effect of caste, family size,family type, income, respondent‘s occupation and education, husband‘s occupation and education were found to be significant (P<0.05) on nutrient intake of the pregnant women. Result indicated that out of 250 pregnant women 79.2 per cent pregnant women were anaemic while 20.8 per cent were non anaemic. Effect of type of family and income were significant (P < 0.05) on prevalence of anaemia. Majority 47.2% women were overweight, 25.2 percent obese, 22.8 percent normal weight and 4.8 percent underweight.Nutrition education was imparted to 50 selected pregnant women. It was found that majority of the responents had inadequate knowledge regarding nutrition before imparting nutrition education. After imparting nutritional education there was significant (P<0.01) improvement in knowledge of pregnant women in all the characteristics.ThesisItem Open Access Genetical, Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease in Gossypium hirsutum L.(CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular mapping of bacterial blight resistance gene, drought tolerant QTL(s) and genetic diversity analysis in clusterbean {Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L) Taub}(CCSHAU, 2011) Bajaj, Anshu; Boora, K.S.The present investigation was carried out to screen genetic diversity using RAPD markers and to identify and map the QTL for resistance to bacterial blight and drought tolerance in clusterbean .The plant material was procured from Forage section . For bacterial blight, the resistant (HG 75) & susceptible(PNB) genotypes were selected & crossed to generate F3 population. The F3 population was used to map QTLs. For drought tolerance studies genotypes HG 563 (tolerant) & PNB (susceptible) were used to generate the mapping population (F 2:3).The genetic diversity studies were carried out in 48 genotypes of clusterbean using 130 RAPD primers and 97 primers produced amplification of 705 alleles ;out of which 644 were polymorphic. The similarity ranged from 0.11 to 0.97.The dendrogram grouped the genotypes into two major clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.68. A variety FS277 was out grouped which is a forage variety. The genotype GP96 and F5277 were found to be most diverse (89%).The QTLs were identified for bacterial blight resistance using parental genotypes (HG75 & PNB) & their F3 population. The F 3 population was screened artificially for disease resistance along with the parent genotypes. Polymorphic primers were used to screen the F3 population & the major QTLs were identified for disease resistance using parental genotypes, HG75, PNB and their F 3 population. A total of 83 RAPD primers were used to screen the parental genotypes out of which nine primers were polymorphic. These primers were used to screen the F 3 population and the QTLs found were L19 , D1, AB7 and QLTY 3. Parental genotypes HG563 and PNB and their F2-3 genotypes were screened at field and net house for resistance to drought. Out of fifty genotypes, 12 were highly tolerant, 23 were moderately tolerant and 15 were susceptible to drought. The parents were screened with eighty seven primers out of which, sixteen were found polymorphic and nine QTLs were found linked to drought tolerance. Loci OPQ 20,OPD10, OPD14,OPQ 12,OPAC 8 and OPF 9 were major contributing QTLs and OPAC2,OPL3 and OPF17 are minor QTLs The diverse lines may be used for breeding programs to improve the production of agronomically superior genotypes of guar. The major QTLs for bacterial blight and drought tolerance may be used for introgression into agronomically superior genotypes of guar.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the reproductive behaviour of Goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus), Black molly, Poecilia sphenops (Lesueur) and Swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel)(CCSHAU, 2011) Sharma, Kavita; Gupta, R.K.Study of reproduction and reproductive behaviour is one of the basic criteria for the successful fish culture. Present study aimed to investigate the reproductive behaviour of live bearer viz black molly, Poecilia sphenops and swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri along with egg layer goldfish, Carassius auratus. Courtship behaviour shown by the males of black molly and swordtail was found to be same. Male showed mainly chasing, nipping, display and copulation attempt. Female showed rising and gliding behaviour. Further, size play a significant role as large size male in all the three species shows highest frequency of courtship behaviour. Female also spent maximum time in the vicinity of large sized males. During the present study for the breeding three different sex ratio of female and male was used. For the live bearer sex ratio used were 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 and for the egg layer sex ratio used were 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Highest fecundity for black molly and swordtail was recorded in 1female: 2 male however for the goldfish highest fecundity observed in 1female:3 male. Fertilization and hatching percentage of eggs of goldfish was also highest in the sex ratio of 1female:3 male. Although breeding is most important but feeding also constitutes as major factor as growth of the fish depends on suitable feed. Present study further investigated the effect of different feed viz. pelleted, live and mixed on the growth performance of young ones/fry of molly, swordtail and goldfish. Highest weight gain and highest specific growth rate was found in the group fed with mixed feed followed by the live and pelleted for goldfish, black molly and swordtail. Water quality parameters as recorded regularly were in optimum range. The mixed diet promoted high food consumption and growth. Perhaps the variety in the diet stimulated appetite and the protein and nitrogen free extract components promoted growth. Problems associated with feeding dry diets include deterioration of water quality and tank cleanliness.ThesisItem Open Access Use of molecular markers for varietal identification and assessing phylogenetic status of Basmati rice in genus Oryza sativa L.(CCSHAU, 2011) Jyoti; Jain, SunitaMolecular markers provide novel tools for varietal identification, diversity analysis and assessing phylogenetic relationships among various rice groups in genus Oryza. A set of 50 rice genotypes comprising of seven japonica rice varieties, six traditional Basmati, thirteen cross-bred Basmati and 24 indica rice varieties was investigated using 54 markers (28 on chromosome 8 and 26 on rest of the chromosomes); data obtained has been used to assess the phylogenetic status of Basmati rice in genus Oryza sativa L. A total of 217 alleles were detected, with an average of 4.01 alleles per locus. Number of alleles per locus (3.5 alleles) for markers on chromosome 8 was less than the mean value (4.58 alleles) based on 26 SSR markers on rest of eleven chromosomes of rice. Eleven of these alleles were unique, present in only one genotype. Null allele was observed at only one locus (RM408) in Super Basmati. The number and size of alleles and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values ranged between 2-7, 83-381 bp and 0.074-0.810, respectively. An average PIC of 0.55 per locus was obtained, which confirms that markers used in this study were highly informative. Genetic relationships generated using the whole genome marker data as well as allelic profile on chromosome 8 and rest of eleven chromosomes separately placed 50 rice genotypes in three distinct clusters. Seventeen of the nineteen Basmati rice varieties (except two cross-bred Basmati rice varieties, Sabarmati and Improved Sabarmati) formed a separate cluster quite distinct from the indica and japonica rice clusters. Interestingly, mean similarity indices obtained from chromosome 8 dataset placed Basmati rice cluster at equal distance from japonica and indica rice types. However, whole genome as well as rest of the genome marker datasets placed Basmati group closer to indica rice varieties than japonica. Chromosome 8 dataset showed a positive correlation (Mantel test, r = 0.631) with the rest of the genome dataset, indicating a higher level of similarity between the two. All the traditional and crossbred Basmati rice varieties and two aromatic japonica varieties shared the same BAD2 alleles at the aroma locus, indicated the distinctness of the aroma locus. While the present study gives support to the hypothesis that japonica genotypes may have contributed towards the evolution of chromosome 8 or a part of chromosome 8 in Basmati rice, it also indicate the active flow of genes from indica rices during the course of parallel evolution in northern Indian sub-continent. The study also demonstrates the distinctness of TB from other rice types (indica and japonica) and also provides a number of novel SSR markers which can be used to differentiate within/among the various rice groups at commercial level. It was observed that the amplified products differing in ≥12bp can be separated on 3% agarose gels for varietal identification in Basmati rice, which is faster, much cheaper and relatively simple method compared to the advanced molecular methods already available for the purpose.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of irrigation and methods of nitrogen application on the yield and quality of barley under furrow irrigated raised bed system(CCSHAU, 2011) Vimal Kumar; Rathee, S.S.The field study entitled “Effect of irrigation and nitrogen application method s on yield and quality of barley under furrow irrigated raised bed system” was carried out during rabi season 2008- 09 and 2010-11 at Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, CCS HAU, Hisar. Two separate experiments were conducted to fulfil the objective of this study. First experiment entitled “Effect of Irrigation levels on yield and quality of barley under furrow irrigated raised bed system” consisted of four methods of sowing viz. flat sowing, FIRBS 75 cm (2 rows), FIRBS 90 cm (2 rows) and FIRBS 90 cm (3 rows) in main plots and three irrigation levels viz., one irrigation (60 DAS), two irrigation (40 and 80 DAS) and three irrigation (40, 60 and 80 DAS) as sub plots. The second experiment entitled “Effect of methods of nitrogen application on yield and quality of barley under furrow irrigated raised bed system” consisted of three methods of sowing viz., FIRBS 75 cm (2 rows), FIRBS 90 cm (2 rows) and FIRBS 90 cm (3 rows) in main plot and four nitrogen application methods viz. Recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) applied before 1st irrigation by broadcasting, RDN applied after 1st irrigation by broadcasting, RDN applied before 1st irrigation top of bed, RDN applied after 1st irrigation top of bed as sub plot. Both experiments were conducted in split plots design keeping three and four replications in first and second experiments, respectively. Among methods of sowing of barley, FIRBS 90cm (3 rows) resulted in significantly higher grain, straw and biological yield as compared to FIRBS 90cm (2 rows), FIRBS 75cm (2 rows) and flat sowing. The better grain yield and straw yield in FIRBS 90cm (3 rows) resulted due to significant increase in productive tillers/m2. Among the different irrigation levels, application of two and three irrigations in barley being at par and significantly increased the number of productivity tillers/m2, dry matter accumulation, ear length, number of grains/ear head, 1000-grain weight, grain quality characters, malt yield, grain and straw yield as compared to one irrigation. Flat sowing with three irrigations resulted into highest consumptive use of water. Application of N on top of bed led to significant increase in plant height, productive tillers/m2 and dry matter accumulation in barley over application of N by broadcasting. Further, N application on top of bed also brought about improvement in yield attributes viz. productive tillers/m2, ear length, number of grains/ear head and 1000 grain weight and consequently significant improvement in grain and straw yield over N application by broadcast. Application of N on top of bed increased the protein content, -glucan, hectoliter weight, husk content and decreased in the malt yield and hot water extract over N application by broadcasting, however N application before or after irrigation either on top of bed or broadcast did not reflect any significant variation in term of yield, yield attribute and quality parameters.ThesisItem Open Access Microbial remediation of chlorpyriphos contaminated soil(CCSHAU, 2011) Chawla, Niti; Suneja, SunitaTwenty six bacterial isolates were obtained from chlorpyriphos contaminated soil samples by enrichment culture technique. Eight bacterial isolates showed growth upto 30,000-40,000 ppm chlorpyriphos amended in Mineral salt medium (MSM) containing glucose (0.2%). Out of eight, four isolates produced yellow coloured colonies on MSM agar plates containing chlorpyriphos (50 ppm) and bromo thymol blue (BTB) indicator and also showed the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) in MSM that confirmed their chlorpyriphos degrading capability. These four isolates were selected for different carbon and nitrogen source utilization pattern on MSM agar plates. With all the isolates, good growth was observed in presence of five carbon and five nitrogen sources. Therefore, these carbon and nitrogen sources were selected for chlorpyriphos utilization in MSM. More bacterial count and protein content was observed in the medium amended with glucose as carbon source and ammonium chloride as nitrogen source as compared to medium amended with other carbon and nitrogen sources with all the four isolates. To study the utilization of chlorpyriphos in liquid medium (containing glucose and ammonium chloride), medium was amended with 100 ppm chlorpyriphos. After 7 days of growth, residual chlorpyriphos was determined in the medium. Maximum utilization of chlorpyriphos was found with the isolate SB1 (80.1 %) followed by HIC2 (76.2 %), SGB2 (65.2%) and HIIGA2 (58.1%) respectively. Growth of four selected isolates was studied in sterilized as well as unsterilized soil amended with chlorpyriphos (100 ppm) for a period of two months under laboratory conditions. Viable count was higher in chlorpyriphos amended soil as compared to unamended soil with all the isolates. Chlorpyriphos level decreased in all the treatments. Percent utilization of chlorpyriphos was found more in unsterilized soil as compared to sterilized soil. Maximum utilization of chlorpyriphos was found with the isolate SB1 (66.0 %) followed by HIC2 (58.0 %), SGB2 (48.0%) and HIIGA2 (36.4 %) in sterilized soil. Similar trend was observed in unsterilized soil i.e. maximum utilization of chlorpyriphos with the isolate SB1 (79.2%) followed by HIC2 (74.5%), SGB2 (60.8%) and HIIGA2 (43.3 %) respectively. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of the two chlorpyriphos utilizing isolates in the presence of cotton plants under natural conditions. Germination of seeds was not observed in the treatments amended with 200 ppm chlorpyriphos. Shoot and root growth was found to be significantly higher in the inoculated treatments amended with 50-100 ppm chlorpyriphos as compared to their respective uninoculated treatments. Significant decrease in chlorpyriphos content was observed in soil as well as cotton seeds on inoculation with bacterial isolates. In naturally contaminated soil (0.15 ppm chlorpyriphos), residues were not detected in soil and cotton seeds of both inoculated and uninoculated treatments On the basis of various standard morphological and biochemical tests as described in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, the isolate SB1 belonged to the genus Pseudomonas and the isolate HIC2 to Xanthomonas.ThesisItem Open Access Impact assessment of information and communication technologies in rural Haryana(CCSHAU, 2011) Preeti Singh; Seema RaniThe study” Impact assessment of Information and Communication Technologies in rural Haryana” was conducted on a sample of 100 male and 100 female respondents drawn from four villages of Hisar district revealed that that cent per cent of male respondents’ family possessed television sets followed by mobile, newspaper, interne, telephone, magazine, radio and computer, respectively. Regarding possession of ICTs by female respondents’ family it was found that cent per cent possessed television sets, followed by mobile, newspaper, radio, telephone, internet, computer and magazine, respectively. overall access and control of ICTs by the respondents was concerned it was found that majority of male respondents had complete access in case of television (60.00%), mobile (65.00%), newspaper (42.00%), magazine (35.00%), telephone (40.00%), partial access in case of internet (45.00%) and no access in case of radio (42.00%), magazine (35.00%), telephone (50.00%), computer (50.00%), respectively.Majority of female respondents had complete access in case of television (55.00%), partial access in case of newspaper (43.00%), mobile (45.00%) and no access in case of radio (48.00%), magazine (65.00%), computer (60.00%) and internet (55.00%), respectively. Regarding control on use of ICTs it was found that majority of male respondents had complete control in case of television (78.00%), newspaper (50.00%), telephone (50.00%), mobile (40.00%), computer (50.00%) and internet (40.00%) whereas no control in case of radio (48.27%) and magazine (53.85%), respectively. Majority of female respondents had complete control in case of television (82.00%), newspaper (42.00%), computer (40.00%), internet (35.00%), no control in case of radio (51.93%), magazine (57.15%), telephone (50.00% and mobile (77.27%), respectively. Regarding information need seeking behaviour of respondents it was found that majority of respondents were seeking health and educational information for needs related with personal, social welfare and general awareness while entertainment, leisure activities and spiritual growth for social needs. Regarding agriculture it was found that need for seeking information as mainly for good harvest, farming and health of animal while entrepreneurial activities include financial management, profit making and income generation. Further majority of respondents seek political information for awareness of political activities. Regarding association of socio-economic variables of male and female respondents with access to ICTs there as significant association of age with access of radio, education, newspaper and mobile. Similarly there was significant association of occupation with access of telephone. Overall impact of ICTs shows that mobile, television and newspaper were the ICTs which had high impact on life of male respondents followed by telephone and computer/ internet which had moderate impact. Radio and magazine had low impact on life of male respondents. Overall impact of ICTs on female respondents revealed that television and mobile were the ICTs which had high impact on life of female respondents while newspaper, telephone and computer/internet which had moderate impact on life of female respondents. Radio and magazine which had low impact on life of female respondents. Association of independent and dependent variables shows that significant association of age, education and occupation was found with access to radio, newspaper, mobile and telephone, computer, internet and magazine, respectively. Significant association of age and education was found with control of computer, magazine mobile, internet, newspaper, magazine and television. Significant association of complete access with impact of television newspaper, magazine, mobile, computer and internet was found whereas complete control on use and selling and purchase of ICTs was significantly associated with television, mobile, internet newspaper and magazine while attributes associated with partial control on use and selling and purchase of ICTs were newspaper, magazine, television and mobile, respectively.Main constraints in use of ICTs were economic dependency, lack of decision making ability, lack of control on use of ICTs and lack of power supply.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular characterization of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) vuillemin and its bioefficacy against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)(CCSHAU, 2011) Geroh, Monika; Gulati, RachnaInvestigations were carried out to assess the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana against Tetranychus urticae on okra. Molecular characterization of six strains of B. bassiana was done by RAPD- PCR to know the genetic similarity among them. The yield of genomic DNA of B. bassiana was higher in Lysis Buffer method (2.10 to 10.50μg/ ml) as compared to CTAB method (2.34 to 7.10μg/ ml). Absorbance ratio of all strains varied from 1.60 to 2.20. Eleven random primers generated 19 (82.16%) polymorphic and 4 (17.39%) monomorphic bands. The size of PCR amplified products ranged from 500 to 4000 bp. The genetic similarity of the strains varied from 50 to 70 percent. Under in vitro 42 to 94 and 34.1 to 66.25 percent mortality of T. urticae was recorded in Direct Spray and Treated Food Bioassay, respectively with 1 × 105 to 1 × 1012 conidia ml-1 conecntrations of B. bassiana. LC50 values of B. bassiana were in the range of 3 × 105 to 2.6 × 1011 conidia ml-1 and LT50 values varied from 52.12 to 141.53 h for eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults in both the bioassay methods. Direct Spray Bioassay was more effective as compared to Treated Food Bioassay. Under field conditions, the percent reduction in T. urticae was from 51.03 to 65.18 percent with all the strains. Hb- Hyderabad (65.18%), was the most potent in reducing the mite population followed by ITCC- 4668 (62.36%), ITCC- 5408 (58.55%), ITCC- 6063 (54.61%), ITCC- 5549 (52.48%) and ITCC- 4513 (51.03%). There was no effect of B. bassiana spray S. punctillum population as their numbers in B. bassiana (strain Hb- Hyderabad) treatments (1.43 beetles/ leaf) and control (1.17 beetles/ leaf) were statistically comparable. Higher yield of okra fruits was recorded in B. bassiana treated plots (581.43 g/ plot) as compared to untreated plots (577.66 g/ plot). The Chlorophyll content was also higher in B. bassiana treated leaves (0.289 to 0.492 μg/ ml) as compared to untreated plots (0.166 μg/ ml).