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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Phenotyping and molecular marker analysis of selected F3 segregating lines from aerobic x low land indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) crosses(CCSHAU, 2015) Kanika Rani; Jain, R.K.Experiments were conducted to evaluate F3 segregating populations derived from the five crosses (PAU201 x MAS25, MASARB25 x PAU201, PAU201 x MAS26, MASARB25 x HKR47 and MAS25 x HKR47) for various physio-morphological and/or root traits and microsatellite markers linked to the traits promoting aerobic adaptation. MASARB25, MAS25 and MAS26 are aerobic while PAU201 and HKR47 are low-land indica rice varieties. In all the five populations, wide variation was observed for plant height, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, root length, root thickness, fresh and dry root weight, 1000 grain weight, grain length-breadth ratio and grain yield per plant. In these populations, significant positive correlation was observed between yield per plant with plant height, effective no. of tillers per plant, length-breadth ratio, 1000 grain weight, root biomass and/or root length. The NTSYS-pc UPGMA tree cluster analysis and 2-D PCA scaling of selected F3 plants derived from the five crosses clearly showed large variation among two parental genotypes and F3 plants were invariably interspersed between them. A number of promising F3 plants have been selected, which had higher grain yield, root length and biomass greater than MAS25, MAS26 and MASARB25 for further progeny analysis. Most of these selected plants had the desired allele for the markers reported earlier to be linked with the aerobic adaptation traits (RM234 and RM547 for root length on chromosome 7 and 8 respectively; RM525 for root thickness and root biomass on chromosome 2).ThesisItem Open Access Micronutrient and SSR marker analysis of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucam (L.) R. Br.] inbred lines(CCSHAU, 2015) Sangwan, Sonali; Shikha YashveerA set of thirty-six pearl millet inbred lines was used to study genetic variability and correlation analysis for seven morphological characters namely days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), ear length (cm), ear diameter (cm), 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g) and dry fodder yield per plant (g) along with micronutrient (Fe and Zn) status. The pearl millet inbred lines were evaluated in randomized block design with two replications in two environments during 2014. Analysis of variance for all the characters under study showed significant differences indicating the presence of genetic variability among the inbreds. The estimates of variability parameter for grain yield, contributing traits and Fe and Zn content revealed the high PCV value as compared to GCV value that suggests the role of environment in the expression of all these characters. An additive gene action was indicated for dry fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant, Fe and Zn content by high to moderate heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean values. Correlation analysis showed highly significant correlation between grain Fe and Zn content which signifies simultaneous improvement in the two traits. Grain yield per plant showed no significant negative correlation with Fe and Zn that suggests improvement in nutrient value without sacrificing yield. A set of 30 SSR primers was also used for molecular diversity assessment in 36 pearl millet inbred lines. Mean allele per locus and PIC obtained was 10.5 and 0.796, respectively. Cluster analysis distributed these genotypes into 9 clusters where 4 genotypes failed to fall in any of these clusters.ThesisItem Open Access Production and Export potential of Tomato and its processed products in India(CCSHAU, 2015) Punia, Meenu; Mehta, V.P.India ranks second in the area as well as in production of tomato next to China. In total world production, the share of China and India was 23.61 and 8.49 per cent, respectively. The surplus production of tomato causes glut in the market, causing distress sale and low profit to the growers and the probable solutions to the problem is to export the surplus tomato production in fresh or processed form. The present study has made an attempt to have Production and Export Potential of Tomato and its processed products in India with these objectives, (1) to study the trends in area, production and productivity of tomato in India, (2) to analyze the performance and trends in export of tomato and its processed products, (3) to analyze the contribution of Haryana in production and export of tomato. The present study is based on secondary data which were collected from various issues of the Statistical Abstract of Haryana, agricultural statistics at a glance and economic survey of India and other published and unpublished sources. Linear growth rates were computed by fitting linear function and least square technique was used to compute the compound growth rates by fitting exponential function. The regression analysis was carried out for a time span, using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. In overall period (1991-2014), area, production and productivity of India increased at a compound annual growth rate of 4.9, 6.4 and 1.1 per cent per annum. RCA in both tomatoes and tomato products was far less than unity and the RSCA were negative, almost -1. Fresh tomatoes contributed maximum in the export basket of India. In overall period (1991-2013), area and production of Haryana increased at a compound annual growth rate of 9.1 and 6.7 per cent and productivity declined by 2.1 per cent per annuum. Haryana’s rank was12th in tomato production with 2.2 per cent share. The values of CV in export of tomato and its products, except fresh tomatoes, came down during the second period than first period, which indicated that export of tomato and tomato products from India became more stable during the second period than first period. The study reveals that the existence of high instability in export of tomato and its products require the attention of policymakers to retain hold on the international market. Tomato is an important vegetable-cum-processing crop of India. Its productivity is very low. So, there is need to popularize the improved production technology and processing varieties. Market survey of importing countries should have to be done to strengthen the export in the upcoming years. Government should declare support price for tomato crop prior to its sowing season and implement, “Crop Insurance Scheme” as the crop is highly perishable.ThesisItem Open Access Economic analysis of vegetable cultivation under polyhouses in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2015) Parveen Kumar; Chauhan, R.S.Vegetables are the main source of vitamins and minerals. The vegetables also offer better crop diversification and crop intensification. During winter season under north Indian conditions, it is extremely difficult to grow capsicum, cucumber in open field conditions; however various types of protected structures have been developed for growing some high value crops continuously by providing favorable environment condition and giving protection from the excessive cold and this is called polyhouse technology. The present study has made an attempt to have Economic analysis of vegetable cultivation under polyhouses in Haryana with these objectives. 1. To study the present status of polyhouse cultivation in Haryana. 2. To compare the economics of vegetable cultivation under polyhouse & open field conditions. 3. To identify the constraints and to assess the prospects of vegetable cultivation under polyhouses. The present study was conducted in Karnal district of Haryana selected purposely on the basis of maximum number of polyhouses in the state. Two blocks were selected randomly, i.e. Gharaundha and Indri. Again, two villages from each block were selected on the basis of predominance of vegetable cultivation both under polyhouses & open field conditions. Ten respondent farmers each under polyhouses & open field conditions were randomly selected from each village, thus making a total sample of 80 respondents. On the basis of the nature of the data, simple statistical tools like averages and percentage were used to compare, contrast and interpret results properly. The primary data for the agriculture year 2013-14 were collected by survey method by conducting personal interviews of the selected farmers with the help of specially designed schedule. The overall findings reveal that in polyhouses, farmers adopted three cropping pattern R1, R2 and R3 i.e. tomato-cucumber (R1), capsicum-cucumber (R2) and cucumber-cucumber-cucumber (R3) respectively. The cost of cultivation for R1, R2 and R3 were ₹607720.36, ₹581816.43 and ₹849876.2 per acre respectively. In comparative economics analysis the cost of cultivation of selected vegetables tomato, capsicum and cucumber under polyhouses were higher as compared to open field conditions by ₹206816.90, ₹246564.40 and ₹185651 per acre respectively. The net retunes from polyhouses were higher as compared to open field conditions by ₹51097.54, ₹124870.01 and ₹97138.68 per acre respectively. The results of the study revealed that the vegetables cultivation under polyhouses have contributed to the yield significantly. The major constraint reported by the respondent farmers were short life of polyethylene sheet, infestation of insect, nematodes & diseases, high cost of fertilizers and seeds. The constraints in the marketing of vegetable were lack of minimum support price, high price fluctuations, lack of market information and high cost of transportation.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Correlation Analysis in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)(CCSHAU, 2015) Praveen kumar; Hooda, J.S.An attempt was made to study the genetic diversity among the 65 genotypes of faba bean. Significant difference for various traits indicated substantial amount of variability existed among the genotypes for various traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for seed yield, 100 seed weight, pod length, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant and days to 50% flowering. In general phenotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude than their genotypic correlation coefficient. Seed yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly correlated with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per plant, pods length, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight. Path analysis revealed that characters such as 100 seed weight and number of pods per plant were the major component traits of seed yield and hence these characters should be given priority in selection in view of their high heritability coupled with high genetic advance also. Following non hiericial eucleadean cluster analysis all 65 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters with variable number of genotypes. On the the basis of data on genetic diversity and mean performance of matric traits nine diverse and superior genotypes namely EC-628955, EC-628942, EC- 628937, EC-628936, EC-591755, EC-3134, EC-2112, EC-628930 and EC-591776 were identified as promising for most of the traits. So these genotypes may be used in further crop improvement programme.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on green mould disease (Trichoderma harzianum) of Calocybe indica (PandC)(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2015) Kumar, Kundan; Goyal, S. PThesisItem Open Access Studies on the genetics of white rust and its association with DNA markers in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.)(CCSHAU, 2015) Aggarwal, Madhu; Punia, M.S.The present investigation comprised of two experiments. The first experimental material consisted of six generations i.e. parents (P1 and P2), F1, F2 and back crosses (BC1 and BC2) of six crosses namely, Varuna x Bio-YSR; Rohini x Bio-YSR; RH-8812 x Bio-YSR; Varuna x JMMWR-9348; Rohini x JMMWR-9348 and RH-8812 x JMMWR-9348 to study the inheritance of white rust resistance and genetics of quantitative traits including seed yield and its component characters as well as to investigate the association of white rust resistance with molecular markers. The second experiment was carried out in Line x Tester mating design conducted to study the GCA and SCA effects of parents and crosses, respectively along with heterosis of the resulted hybrids. Both the experiments were conducted in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, India during two successive years of Rabi seasons 2012-13 and 2013-14. The results have shown that inheritance of white rust resistance was governed by a single dominant gene which was also confirmed by SSR marker analysis. It has been observed that there was a strong association between field results for inheritance of white rust and SSR marker studied. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for all traits studied. The A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for most of the characters indicating thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additive component was significant for most of the characters and even as preponderant in magnitude over the dominance component. Either all or any of the three types of epistatic interactions (i, j and l) were significant for most of the cases and generally it was the “i" type of interaction which is more frequently prevailing for most of the traits studied over the crosses. However, the magnitude and direction of estimates changed from cross to cross. Additive x additive (i) type of interaction was reported for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, siliqua length (cm), number of seeds per siliqua and oil content (%). Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, siliqua length (cm), number of seeds per siliqua and oil content (%). Complementary type of interaction was also recorded for 1000 seed weight. The GCA effects indicated that among females, RH-1120 was a good general combiner for number of primary branches per plant, seed yield per plant (g) and 1000 seed weight (g); RH-1155 for number of primary branches per plant, main shoot length (cm) and siliqua length (cm). Among the males, Bio-YSR was found to be a good general combiner for plant height, number of secondary branches per plant and 1000 seed weight (g); JM-1 for days to flowering , seeds per siliqua and seed yield per plant (g). On the basis of SCA effects, 5 crosses namely, RH-0845 x Bio-YSR; RH-1155 x JM-1; RH-1139 x JMMWR-9348; RH-1152 x JM-1 and Kranti x JMMWR-9348 were found to be good for seed yield per plant (g). Significant heterosis was observed for plant height (cm), main shoot length (cm), number of siliquae on main shoot, siliqua length (cm), days to flowering, days to maturity and seed yield per plant (g). The contribution of lines was in general more than testers toward total variance for every character except for days to maturity and number of secondary branches per plant. SCA variances were higher than GCA variances which indicated that one can go for hybrid breeding programmeThesisItem Open Access Media Development and Its Impact on Production and Processing of Button Mushroom in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2015) Akanksha; Batra, AshaThe present study was conducted in Haryana state. One eighty male and sixty female comprising of total sample of 240 respondents from Yamunanagar, Kurukshetra and Jhajjar districts were selected randomly for assessing impact of mushroom growers and female respondents regarding mushroom production and processing. The results shows that growers have sufficient gain in knowledge and had most favourable attitude towards mushroom production whereas in case of mushroom processing female respondents have gain in knowledge but they had favourable attitude regarding processing. Constraints were measured in terms of personal, technical, financial, infrastructural, marketing and health. Weighted mean scores were calculated and ranks were given on the basis of WMS and result shows that both mushroom growers and female respondents assigned 1th and 6th rank to financial and infrastructural constraints. All the production messages and on the basis of weighted mean scores and ranks messages for processing were finally selected for media preparation. Standard procedures for development of media were followed. The effectiveness of printed manual was assessed through several parameters that accuracy, coverage, objectivity, writing style, content presentation, illustration and compatibility. Overall weighted mean scores were perceived to be high for all the messages. Effectiveness of Compact Disc (CD) was assessed through of audio quality, video quality, presentation of message, content importance, suitability and text was rated as high. The content validity ratio for all the attributes of CD and printed manual was found to be significant. Inter consistency reliability for CD and printed manual was found to be statistically significant at 5 per cent level of significance. Field applicability was also found to be high for all the messages. The impact of CD was found to be significant for gain in knowledge and change in attitude. The impact of CD on growers and on female respondents was of moderate level.ThesisItem Open Access Identification and Mass Multiplication of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis species indigenous to Haryana(CCSHAU, 2015) K.V.V.S., K. Kranti; Walia, K.K.Identification and mass multiplication of indigenous isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes was attempted. Of the fifteen populations studied- fourteen belonged to genus Steinernema and one to genus Heterorhabditis. Six new species S. numeropapillatum n. sp., S. oryzae n. sp., S. sirsaense n. sp., S. indicum n. sp., S. gangulyi and S. hisarense n. sp. were identified. First four species were with horn like structures in cephalic region of IJs which was absent in last two species. Other species identified were H. indica Poinar et al. 1992, S. pakistanense Shahina et al. 2001 (three populations), S. bicornutum Tallosi et al. 1995, S. ceratophorum Jian et al. 1997, S. siamkayai Stock et al. 1998. SEM studies of S. oryzae n. sp. and S. sirsaense n. sp. revealed the lateral field pattern as 2,4,6,8,6,4,2 and 2,4,6,4,2, respectively and also the number of genital papillae as 25. Of the eight media tested, S. abbasi ans H. indica both multiplied maximum on modified dog biscuit medium. Wout‟s medium was second best in IJs yield. Yield was maximum at 30 days and reduced drastically at 60 days. S. abbasi yielded maximum at 25 ºC whereas H. indica multiplied maximum at 30 ºC. None of the species multiplied at 15 ºC.