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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Pollination studies in Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)(CCSHAU, 2013) Jat, Manoj Kumar; Chaudhary, O.P.Field experiment entitled “Pollination studies in Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)” as conducted at Forage Section, Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2012 and 2013. The flower of T. Alexandrinum completed their life cycle on an average 173.3±13.3 hours during 2012 and 200.4±2.4 hours during 2013. A total of forty five insect species belonging to 25 families of 6 orders were recorded on the T. alexandrinum flowers. Apis dorsata F. was most abundant floral visitor (4.90/m2/5 min.) followed by A. mellifera (2.69/m2/5 min.) and A. florea 0.30/m2/5 min. during 2012. A. dorsata (3.08/m2/5 min.) was the most abundant species followed by A. mellifera (2.61/m2/5 min.) and Eristalinus spp. During 2013. The maximum amount of dry nectar sugars was produced by fully opened flower at 10.00 h (2.468 mg/flower), 13.00 (2.446) and 16.00 (2.444). The fully opened flowers produced maximum amount of energy 41.05 joules/flower followed by half open flowers (31.80 joules). The overall mean foraging rate was maximum in A. florea and A. mellifera (7.2 and 7.1 flowers/min., respectively) and minimum (5.1) in nectar forager A. dorsata. A. dorsata visited maximum number of flowers/minute while collecting N+P (7.2) followed by P (6.3) and least for nectar (5.1). The mean foraging speed of A. dorsata was maximum (17.9 seconds/flower) followed by A. florea (16.1) and A. mellifera (5.6).The A. mellifera foragers spent least time on T. alexandrinum flowers while foraging for N+P (4.6 second) followed by P (4.9) and N (7.4). Highest number of loose pollen grains were carried on the body of A. dorsata foragers (79,625) followed by A. mellifera (73,250) and A. florea (36,375). The overall mean relative pollination efficiency (RPE) ranking for the forager groups of three honey bee species in descending order were: (N+P) A. dorsata > (P) A. dorsata > (P) A. mellifera > (N+P) A. mellifera > (N) A. dorsata > (N) A. mellifera > (P) A. florea > (N+P) A. florea = (N) A. florea. It was concluded that N+P foragers (16.4 RPE) of A. dorsata were the most efficient pollinators of T. alexandrinum flowers followed closely by pollen forager (13.3 RPE). The seeds setting (%), seed yield, 1000 grains seed weight and per cent germination of T. alexandrinum significantly increased under bee pollination treatments than compared to other treatments. Saturated bee pollination by employing an 8- frame A. mellifera colony resulted in significantly higher yield over lower intensity bee pollination (4 and 2 frame colonies) and open pollination. The utility of T. alexandrinum crop as highly valuable nectar and pollen sources was confirmed for A. mellifera colony development.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different manures on the hydro-biological parameters, bacterial population and growth performance of Indian major carps(CCSHAU, 2013) Sunita; Gupta, R.K.In the present investigations, the experiment was carried out in 18ft×20 ft sized ponds from Sept., 2011 to Aug., 2012 at the Fish Farm Hatchary of CCSHAU, Hisar. Different organic fertilizers i.e Vermicompost @ 15,000, Vermicompost @ 10,000, cow dung @ 10,000, poultry manure @ 6,000, pig manure @ 4,000 kg/ha/yr and control were used to monitored their effect on water quality parameters, bacterial population and growth performance of Catla catla (as surface feeder), Labeo rohita (as column feedrer) and Cirrhinus mrigala (as bottom feeder). One forth dose of fertilizers were applied 15 days prior to fish stocking and remaining doses given at fortnightly interval. The fry/fingerlings were stocked @ 30 fish per pond in the ratios of 3:4:3 and fed upon supplemented feed given at 2% of their body weight. The water parameters like DO, pH, alkalinity, hardness, temperature, turbidity, free CO2, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous and planktons were found in optimum range in all treated ponds. The maximum values of dissolved oxygen (5.81 to 8.65 mg/l), turbidity (35.96 to 16.30 cm), phytoplanktons (99 to 5,786 no/l) and zooplanktons (186 to 2,046 no/l) were observed in pond waters treated with vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr. While that of pH (5.63 to 5.80), alkalinity (200.00 to 360.62 mg/l), hardness (173.06 to 292.02 mg/l) were found to be maximum in vermicompost @15,000 kg/ha/yr. Free CO2 (1.40 to 3.40 mg/l) and nitrogen (0.990 to 0.170 mg/l) were found to be maximum in the pond waters treated with cowdung @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr. Temperature (26.53 to 34 oC), potassium (3.24 to 23.94 mg/l) and phosphorous (0.72 to 0.199 mg/l) were found to be maximumin in the pond waters treated with poultry manure @ 4,000 kg/ha/yr. The range of water parameters increased significantly (P<0.05) in the pond waters treated with different manures. The bacterial strains isolated in pond waters treated with different manures were 7 gram negative (A. hydrophilla, E. coli, E. aerogens, Shigella sp., K. oxytoca, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens) and 3 gram positive (M. luteus, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp.). The average counts of pathogenic heterotrophic bacteria in poultry manure @ 6,000 kg/ha/yr was found to be maximum in decreasing order followed by pig manure @ 4,000kg/ha/yr, cow dung @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr, vermicompost @ 15,000 kg/ha/yr, vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr and control, respectively. However, bacteria, E. aerogens, P. fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, Shigella sp., K. oxytoca and Streptococcus sp. were absent in vermicompost @ 10,000 and vermicompost @ 15,000 kg/ha/yr treatments. All the three species gained maximum growth in vermicompost @ 10,000, followed by vermicompost @ 15,000, cow dung @ 10.000, poultry manure @ 6,000 and pig manure @ 4,000 kg/ha/yr, respectively. Among the 3 species L. rohita showed maximum growth followed by C. catla and C. mrigala. There was two times more growth of Indian major carps in pond treated with vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr as compared to control.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis and potential biodynamic behaviour of heterocyclic compounds(CCSHAU, 2012) Yogesh Kumar Singh; Sudhir KumarPyrazoles, indoles, oxazoles, imidazoles, thiazoles and triazoles as heterocyclic compounds with multifarious biological and pharmacological activities through innumerable derivatives deserve further exploration for their use as antimicrobial agent. Therefore, synthesis, characterization and biodynamic behaviour of the new above mentioned heterocyclic compounds have been accomplished. Two series of chalcones were prepared using 2-acetylthiophene and 5-chloro-2-acetylthiophene with substituted benzaldehydes/thiophene-2-carbaldehyde/furan-2-carbaldehyde. These chalcones were further cyclized by sodium acetate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride to 5-(substituted phenyl/thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-1,2-oxazoles and 3-(5-chloro thiophen-2-yl)-5-(substituted phenyl/thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-1,2-oxazoles. The condensation of 2-hydrazinyl-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide with two series of chalcones gave the corresponding pyrazoles viz., 2-[5-(substitutedphenyl/thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide and 2-[3-(5-chloro thiophen-2-yl)-5-(substitutedphenyl/thiophen-2-yl/furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-(4-phenyl thiazol-2-yl)acetamide. The condensation of 5-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N 3 -phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,4-diamine with substituted benzaldehydes resulted in 5-(1H-indol-2-yl)-[4-(substitutedbenzylidene)amino]-N-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine. Four Mannich bases of benzimidazole were prepared by reaction with paminobenzoic acid and 4-substituted benzaldehydes. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1 HNMR spectral data. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Eischerchia coli and Xanthomonas axonopodis by food poisoned technique. The structure activity relation (SAR) in the above evaluation studies was also investigated. Some of the compounds exhibited specificity/non-specificity against the tested micro organisms and deserve further investigation for their possible use in plant and animal disease control.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of meteorological, remote sensing and dynamic simulation models in wheat under Hisar conditions(CCSHAU, 2013) Biswas, Barun; Ram NiwasField experiment entitled “Performance of Meteorological, Remote Sensing and Dynamic Simulation Models in Wheat under Hisar Conditions” was conducted during Rabi season (2010-11 and 2011-12) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (29° 10 N, 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 m). The experiment was comprised of three sowing dates main plot treatments namely (D1)-Early sowing on 5 November, (D2)-Timely sowing on 25 November and (D3)- Late sowing on 15 December; two sub plot treatments comprising two different cultivars viz. (V1)- WH711 and (V2)- DBW17; three sun-sub plot treatments of nitrogen doses viz. (N1)- 75% of the recommended dose, (N2)- 100% of the recommended dose and (N3)- 125% of the recommended dose. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with four replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. GDD, HTU and PAU accumulation was significantly higher under early sowing date at all the phenopases in comparison to the other dates of sowing. The requirement of heat units were more in higher level of nitrogen application. Canopy reflectance of wheat crop was greatly influenced by date of sowing in both visible and infra-red bands. Green and IR reflectance were highest in 5 November sowing and in N1 nitrogen application. Different spectral indices (NDVI, GNDVI, RNDVI, PRI, SR, GVI and RVI) showed significant difference among crop under different growing environments and nitrogen levels. Above indices also indicated better crop growth and biomass production in early sowing and higher nitrogen fertilization. Different growing environment environments had affected wheat grain yield significantly and it was highest in 5 November sown crop. Nitrogen levels had also influenced the grain yield and produced highest grain yield in 125% nitrogen dose. The meteorological, spectral and integrated models developed using principal component analysis explained maximum variability in grain yield up to 98%. The crop parameters estimated by DSSAT model were closer to observed values as compared to the estimations by WOFOST model. However, the prediction made by integrated model was also closer to the actual values observed in the field. But such result was due to the fact that same data was used for prediction.ThesisItem Open Access Morphogenetic and biochemical studies in callus cultures of devil’s thorn (Tribulus terrestris Linn.)(CCSHAU, 2013) Manogya; Goyal, S.C.Present investigation was carried out on Tribulus terrestris Linn. for the selection of suitable nutritive medium and explant for callus induction, growth and differentiation. In vitro studies were conducted with employing different explants viz. leaf, internode and node used for callogenesis and growth, node explant was found to be the best for callus induction and growth. Best callus growth was obtained on MS medium fortified with 2,4-D (2.0 mg/l) in combination with Kn (0.5 mg/l) depending on fresh and dry weight of callus. This callus selected for further studies of biochemicals and protein profile during differentiation. MS medium supplemented with BAP (3.0 mg/l) + NAA (1.5 mg/l) enabled the early regeneration of shoot from callus. Early root emergence from callus obtained on medium MS+NAA (2.0 mg/l). Biochemicals like starch and total soluble sugars decreased while reducing sugar, total phenol and total protein increased during root differentiation from callus. Enzyme activity viz. α- amylase, acid invertase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase increased during root differentiation. In shoot differentiating calli, all these metabolites were increased and enzyme activity of α-amylase and acid phosphatase increased while acid invertase and peroxidase activity decreased during shoot differentiation. SDS-PAGE studies revealed that there was synthesis of three root specific polypeptide bands with (MW 40.64, 19.23 and 11.81 kDa) and three shoot specific bands (MW 28.10, 17.02 and 12.46 kDa) during differentiation. MW 24.96 kDa and 21.20 kDa bands were common bands which disappeared during root and shoot differentiation. TLC analysis showed that the diosgenin and hecogenin were present in the calli as well as in natural fruits. They were further confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The incorporation of cholesterol in the medium was observed to be effective for the increased steroidal sapogenins (hecogenin and diosgenin) production in calli than natural fruits.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation and characterization in marigold(CCSHAU, 2013) Choudhary, Mahesh; Beniwal, B.S.The present experiment was conducted at Experimental Orchard of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter seasons of 2011-12 and 2012- 13 on thirty genotypes of both African and French marigold to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and varietal characterization. The observations were recorded on growth, flowering and yield parameters. The analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the characters studied, indicating a wide range of variability in the material investigated. The highest flower yield was observed in genotype Hisar Jaffri-2 followed by MGH-09-271 and MGH-09-276, while it was lowest in Hisar Beauty. The high GCV and PCV values were observed for fresh and dry weight of plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of buds per plant and number of flowers per plant. Heritability in broad sense and genetic advance as per cent mean were higher for fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, number of flowers per plant, number of buds per plant and number of secondary branches per plant. Association analysis revealed high significant positive correlation of flower yield per plant with number of secondary branches per plant, number of buds per plant, number of flowers per plant, dry weight of plant, fresh weight of plant, fresh weight of flower, dry weight of flower, plant spread, flower diameter, stem diameter, duration of flowering and days taken to first flower opening, indicating selection of these characters for crop improvement and breeding strategies. Path analysis depicted that number of flowers per plant had the highest direct and positive effect on flower yield per plant, closely followed by fresh weight of flower, flower diameter, dry weight of flower and dry weight of plant. Based on D2 values, all the thirty genotypes were grouped into six clusters in both the years, i.e., 2011-12 and 2012-13, indicating the presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity among the genotypes under study. On the basis of morphological characters, the marigold genotypes were characterized and categorized effectively. The plant growth habit, branching habit, leaflet shape, leaf colour, stalk shape, disc floret, floret colour, etc., were the key characters, therefore, can be used as morphological descriptors for the varietal identification in marigold.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on physiological and molecular diversity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for phosphorus efficiency(CCSHAU, 2013) Gera, Gunjan; Sheokand, SunitaTwelve wheat genotypes WH147, WH711, WH1021, WH1025, WH1080, WH1081, WH1094, WH1107, WH1111, C306, Lok-1 and PBW343 were evaluated at three P level; 100 %, 50% and 15 % P levels. All growth parameters such as plant height, dry weight, P content, grain growth rate, spike length, number of productive tillers and grain yield decreased at reduced P levels (50 % and 15 %). Total plant biomass was maximum in WH1080 and WH1111 at low P levels. P content in all plant parts decreased with decreasing P levels at all sampling stages. At later growth stages more of P accumulated in reproductive parts. Maximum spike and grain P content was observed in WH1080 and WH147. Minimum decrease in grain yield at 15 % P level was observed in WH147 (16.1 %), WH1080 (20.7 %) and WH1081 (26%). A significant positive correlation of grain yield was observed with total plant biomass (0.88), number of productive tillers (0.75), grain growth rate (0.74) and P content in grain (0.84). Also a delay in heading, anthesis and maturity was observed under P deficiency. C306, WH1081, Lok-1 and WH1080 had minimum delay in heading, anthesis and maturity. Photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased with decreasing P levels. The genotypes which performed well at low P level were WH1080, WH1094, WH1081 and WH147 and least efficient genotypes were C306 and PBW343. Phosphatase activity (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phytase) increased in response to P deficiency. WH1080, WH147 and WH1094 showed greater increase in enzyme activity under long term P deficiency. Genotypes WH1080, WH147, WH1081and WH1094 performed well under short term P deficiency (15 days) in terms of root traits (root length, number of secondary roots and root/shoot ratio). Lok-1 performed better in terms of APase activity and WH1080, WH1025 and WH1094 performed well in terms of alkaline phosphatase and phytase activity. Increased phosphatase activity and proton extrusion in root exudates was also observed under P deficient conditions. Maximum enzyme activity in root exudates was found in WH1107 and WH1080 and maximum exudation of protons was observed in WH1080. On the basis of RAPD - cluster analysis two major groups were formed and these are further divided in four sub groups. The genotypes which exhibited low diversity at phenotypic level also exhibited less genetic diversity at molecular level. On the basis of present investigations WH147 and WH1080 were identified as more P efficient genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological responses to saline irrigation in two summer mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes(CCSHAU, 2013) Duong Hoang Son; Neeraj KumarThe effects of saline irrigation on morpho-physiological traits, antioxidant defense mechanism and protein rofile (SDS-PAGE) in two summer mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes viz. MH 421 and SML 668 differing in their sensitivity to salinity was investigated under natural conditions of screen house. At the flowering stage (30-35 DAS), plants were exposed to single saline irrigation (Cl-dominated) of levels 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1. Sampling was done after 7 and 14 days of treatment (DAT). The control plants were irrigated with distilled water. The water potential (Ψw) of leaf and osmotic potential (Ψs) of leaf and root decreases in both the genotypes. MH 421 showed more negative values Ψw of leaf i.e. from -0.20 to -0.46 MPa as compared to -0.18 to -0.40 MPa in SML 668, respectively. The Ψs of leaf decreased from -1.36 to -1.89 MPa in MH 421 and -1.36 MPa to -1.80 MPa in ML 668 with increase in salinity level from control to 7.5 dS m-1 at 7 DAT. A similar trend of change in the osmotic potential (Ψs) of root was observed. The proline content of leaf increased significantly from 11.4 to 144.5 % and 15.7 to 219.4 % and the total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) content from 16.6 to 79.8 % and 22.5 to 81.9 % in SML 668 and MH 421, respectively, with increasing level of saline irrigation from control to 7.5 dS m-1. A marked increase in hydrogen peroxide H2O2, lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and relative stress injury (RSI %) was noticed in leaf and root which was much higher in SML 668 than MH 421. A similar trend was observed at 14 DAT. Saline irrigation increased the Cl- and SO4 2- concentration in leaf by 2.8 and 3.1 fold in MH 421 and 3.0 and 3.6 fold in SML 668, respectively, at 7.5 dS m- 1. Moreover, MH 421 had overall lower Na+/K+ ratio than SML 668. More negative values of Ψw of leaf, Ψs of leaf and root and better accumulation of osmotically active solutes, i.e. proline, TSC and low Na+/K+ ratio in leaf and root of MH 421, helped in maintaining the higher RWC % of these organs than noticed in SML 668. ROS scavenging enzyme of leaves i.e. SOD, CAT, POD, APX, GR, GPX and GST increased by 296.7, 58.5, 146.3, 159.1, 125.8, , 95.9, 81.0 % in SML 668 and by 806.8, 180.3, 231.4, 174.9, 190.2, 112.6, 172.6 % in MH 421, respectively, upon increasing levels of saline irrigation from control to 7.5 dS m-1 after 7 days of treatment (DAT). Despite the increase in the activity of these enzymes AsA content decreased by 52.5 and 41.3%. Higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, lower accumulation H2O2, MDA and AsA content in MH 421 than in SML 668 indicated those enzymes play a key role in removal of ROS in MH 421 better than in SML 668, thus minimizing the cellular damage caused by ROS under saline irrigation. Pollen viability (%), in vitro pollen germination and tube growth were also adversely affected with increasing salinity; the effect being most pronounced in SML 668. SDS-PAGE revealed more deletion than addition of polypeptide bands in SML 668 than MH 421 with increasing levels of saline irrigation in leaf and root at both the stages. The yield parameters like number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, 100 seed weight and seed weight plant-1 decreased more in SML 668 with increasing salinity. Hence, the mechanism of salt tolerance was better in MH 421 than in SML 668 as found from physiological traits studied.ThesisItem Open Access Long-term effects of organic manures and fertilizers on soil organic carbon pools and nitrogen fractions(CCSHAU, 2013) Kumara, B.H.; Antil, R.S.An ongoing long-term experiment on the integrated nutrient management (FYM and fertilizer N) under pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence was selected which has been running at the research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University since October, 1967. The experimental treatments consisted of 3 levels of FYM at 15, 30 and 45 Mg ha-1 till 2007-08 and 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha-1 from 2008-09 onwards; there modes of application: every kharif crop (summer season), in every rabi crop (winter season) and in both (kharif and rabi) the crops. An absolute control with application of FYM in any of the seasons was maintained as control. These 10 treatments (3 FYM levels X 3 modes of application + 1 FYM control) were allocated in the main plots and each main plot was subdivided into 3 sub-plots receiving fertilizer N at 0 and 120 kg N ha-1 in each season through urea using split plot design. Keeping the results of the above long-term experiment in mind, another long-term experiment was planned in 1995, to test/validate the results of above experiments by using different kinds of organic manures in combination with fertilizers under pearl millet-wheat cropping system. The experiment was laid out with the following treatments in a randomized block design with three replications; 75 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 150 kg N + 60 Kg ha-1 P2O5 ha-1, 15 Mg FYM ha-1, 15 Mg FYM + 150 kg N ha-1, 15 Mg FYM + 150 kg N+30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 5 Mg poultry manure ha-1, 5 Mg poultry manure +150 kg N+30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 7.5 Mg press mud ha-1, 7.5 Mg press mud +75 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 7.5 Mg press mud +150 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1. The changes in soil organic C fractions (DOC, MBC, LFC and HFC) and N fractions (acid insoluble-N, hydrolysable NH3-N, amino acid-N, amino sugar-N, hydrolysable unknown-N and total hydrolysable-N) were more dynamic in various treatments consisting of modes and levels of FYM and fertilizer N. A significant increase in soil organic C pools and N fractions when FYM applied at 15 Mg ha-1 followed by 10 and 5 Mg ha-1. Highest increase in soil organic C pools and N fractions were noticed when 15 Mg FYM ha-1 was applied along with 120 kg N ha-1 in both the seasons compared to applied in rabi or kharif seasons. Increased organic C, available macro (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu) and concentration of nutrients (NPK) contents were affected by the degree of change from the historical (43 years of experiments) amendment of FYM in different modes and levels of the intervention and fertilizer N levels. Increase in organic C, available N, P, K, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu, and concentration of nutrients contents was obsreved, when FYM applied at 15 Mg ha-1 followed by 10 and 5 Mg ha-1 and highest were noticed when FYM applied in both the seasons compared to applied either in rabi or kharif season. Continuous application of organic manures alone or in conjunction with NP fertilizer for 16 years led to resulted increase in the contents of various pools/form of organic C and N. The highest organic C and N fractions were recorded with 15 Mg FYM+150 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1. The build-up of organic C and N fractions and nutrient contents were higher in surface (0-15 cm) soil as compare to sub-surface (15-30 and 30-45 cm) soil. Application of FYM along with NP fertilizers led to the greatest increase in various organic N fractions followed by pressmud and poultry manure. Organic C, available N, P, K, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu contents of the soil decreased from its initial value, when only NP fertilizers were applied and increased significantly with the application of organic manures applied alone or applied in conjunction with NP fertilizers. Application of organic manures (FYM, pressmud and poultry manure) along with NP fertilizers produced significantly higher grain yield of pearl millet and wheat. Integrated use of fertilizers with organic manures maintained the sustainability of the pearl millet-wheat cropping system.