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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of agricultural land use and management practices on carbon sequestration in soils of arid and semi-arid regions of North-Western India(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-05) Sunil Kumar; Phogat, V.KImproving soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is of a vital important for enhancing soil productivity of different land use systems, particularly, in arid and semi-arid regions of the country. The study was carried out to evaluate the SOC fractions and their relationships with soil properties as influenced by different cropping systems and management practices. Thirteen sites under different land use systems were selected for soil sampling from the States of Rajasthan and Haryana. Soil samples were analysed for various soil properties and SOC fractions, and their relationships were established. The soils at different sampling sites were alkaline in reaction and non-saline. Higher bulk density was observed in coarse textured fallow soils and in soils under rice-wheat system. Significantly lower bulk density observed under plantation forest and agro forestry than field crops was attributed to greater inputs of plant biomass and/or application of manures and fertilizers. Among different cropping systems, sugarcane and rice-wheat systems found to have higher SOC content due to their potential for higher biomass production. At all sited, the SOC content found to be decreased with depth due to reduced amount of organic matter. Aggregation, CEC and nutrients status of soils were higher under agro-forestry, sugarcane, horticulture and cotton-wheat than other systems due to higher SOC status and clay contents. Similarly, the oxidizable fractions of carbon (very labile, labile, less labile and non-labile) were also significantly higher under plantation forest, sugarcane, agro-forestry and rice-wheat land use systems because of higher biomass input. Upon differentiating the SOC into active (AC) and passive carbon (PC), the AC was found variable under different cropping systems, and significantly higher under plantation forest, sugarcane and agro-forestry land use systems. Therefore, the AC and their proportion to total SOC could be use as sensitive indicator of soil health. As per physical classification of SOC, coarse particulate organic carbon (POC) was significantly higher under plantation forest, horticulture, agro-forestry and mung bean-mustard land use systems due to heavier texture of soil and/or introduction of legume in crop rotation. For the surface layers, the largest differences in POC content were observed for the aggregate associated POC, which was apparent in soils with more effective native vegetation. Significantly higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC)content under plantation forest, horticulture and agro-forestry land use systems was attributed to the production of high quantity of litter fall (substrate) for microbial decomposition every year. Among the different cropping systems, sugarcane and rice-wheat systems had significantly higher MBC content probably due to higher accumulation of SOC and relatively higher inputs of manures and fertilizers included in management practices. Significantly higher SOC stock under plantation forest and agro-forestry systems obtained were attributed to relatively more litter biomass production, stubble and rhizo deposits and slower decomposition of soil organic matter in the undisturbed soil. Variation in texture of soils and management practices in different land use systems were found responsible for organic carbon storage in soils. Use of poor quality irrigation water in sugarcane, rice-wheat and guar-wheat cropping systems adversely affected the SOC pools and soil properties. The Carbon Management Index found effective in assessing C sequestration potential of soils under different cropping systems. Very labile carbon was significantly correlated with SOC (r = 0.98), CEC (r = 0.82), aggregation (r = 0.63) available N (r = 0.94), available P (r = 0.81), available K (r = 0.64).The higher value of correlation coefficient between labile carbon pools with total SOC indicated that these pools were most affected by changes in land use and management practices. The MBC was correlated with total SOC (r = 0.85), coarse (r = 0.85) and fine (r = 0.91) POC, AC (r = 0.85) and PC (r = 0.85). There was a dynamic relationship between different pools of SOC and their relative proportion was greatly influenced by land use systems. It was concluded that the changes in labile fraction of SOC may be considered as a sensitive indicator for assessing the quality of SOC being added in soils under different land use systems in arid and semi-arid regions of North-Western India.ThesisItem Open Access Seed quality assessment in natural and artificially aged seed of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Sunil Kumar; Sangwan, V.P.S.The present study entitled “Seed quality assessment in natural and artificially aged seed of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was carried out in the Department of Seed Science & Technology at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). The experiments were laid out in factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and Randomized Block Design (RBD) for laboratory and field parameters, respectively on six genotypes of fenugreek viz., HM-57, HM-103, HM-273, RMT-361, FGK-49, FGK-80. The present investigation was carried out in three different experiments to meet out the objectives of study. In the first experiment, To assess the seed quality during natural ageing at 3 months interval up to 18 months and check physiological and biochemical parameters viz., standard germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I & II, viability test (Tz %) catalase (CAT) peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), dehydrogenase enzyme activity parameters were decreased significantly with the advancement of natural ageing of seeds whereas, electrical conductivity of seeds leachates increased with the advancement of time. The field parameters viz., seedling emergence index and seedling establishment were also decreased significantly with the advancement of time whereas, mean emergence time increased with the passage of time. In the second experiment, to study the physiological and biochemical change after accelerated ageing of all six genotypes of fenugreek. Effect of artificial ageing was more as compared to natural ageing to degradation fresh seed. In the third experiment effect of priming on marginal seed of natural and artificial aged seed of all six genotypes of fenugreek. Seed priming treatments viz., T0: Control, T1: hydro-priming followed by dry dressing with thiram @ 0.25%, T2: Hydration with GA3 (50 ppm), T3: Hydration with PEG (6000), T4: Hydration with KNO3 (0.5%), T5: 2% CaCl2 were analyzed to identify the suitable priming treatment. Among various priming treatments „T2‟- hydration with GA3 @ 50 ppm followed by „T1‟-Thiram performed best to enhance all the seed vigour and viability characteristics and to lower down the electrical conductivity of naturally and artificially aged seed of fenugreek. The seed quality improvement through seed priming was noticed more in marginal seed i.e. artificial aged seed. Among the different genotypes, maximum enhancement was observed in FGK-80 followed by FGK-49 whereas, minimum enhancement was observed in genotype HM-57 during the study. In conclusion, the present study revealed that fenugreek seed lose its viability and vigour with the advancement of storage time and seed priming with GA3 @ 50 ppm and thiram can be used as an effective tool to enhance vigour and viability of seed.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated nutrient management in wheat (T. aestivum L.) under saline and non saline irrigation water(CCSHAU, 2018) Sunil Kumar; Satyavan]A field experiment entitled “Integrated nutrient management (INM) in wheat (T. aestivum L.) under saline and non-saline irrigation water” was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter (rabi) seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13. The experiments carried out on WH-711, consisted of two levels of quality of irrigation water viz., canal water and saline water (8- 10 dS/m) and four inoculation and vermicompost treatments viz., no inoculation (control), vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, Azotobacter ST3 + Pseudomonas P36 and Azotobacter ST3 + Pseudomonas P36 + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha in main plots and three levels of fertilizer viz., 75, 100 and 125% RDF in sub-plots. The 24 treatment combinations were tested in split plot design replicated thrice. Based on research investigations it was found that canal water application significantly increased the parameters like plant stand/mrl, plant height, dry matter, plant tillers/mrl, LAI, LAD, RGR, CGR, effective tillers/mrl, ear head length, number of grains/spike, grain, straw and biological yields, available N, P, K, organic carbon and grain protein content as compared to saline water. The quality of irrigation water had no significant effect on sedimentation value. Azotobacter ST3 + Pseudomonas P36 + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha treatment resulted in significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, plant tillers per meter row length, LAI, LAD, effective tillers/mrl, number of grains/spike, grain, straw and biological yields, available N, P, K, organic carbon and grain protein content in comparison to no inoculation. Inoculation and vermicompost treatments had no significant effect on plant stand/mrl, NAR, RGR, ear head length and soil EC. Different RDF treatments viz., 75, 100 and 125% RDF significantly affected plant height, dry matter accumulation, plant tiller/mrl, LAI, LAD, effective tillers/mrl, number of grains/spike, grain, straw and biological yields, available N, P, organic carbon and grain protein content. However, no significant effect on the plant stand/mrl, RGR, NAR, sedimentation value, available K, K content in grain and straw and soil EC was observed. None of the treatments had significant effect on the test weight, harvest index, hectolitre weight and soil pH during both the years. Higher viable count of Azotobacter ST3 (cfu x 105) and Pseudomonas P36 (cfu x 106) was recorded than initial value due to INM practices, being maximum in the treatment INVC 125 % RDF with canal water application. From economics point of view, vermicompost + biofertilizer (Azotobacter and Pseudomonas) were the most productive treatments, but biofertilizer (Azotobacter and Pseudomonas) treatments were the most economical treatments with respect to increase in net profit and B:C ratio, at all fertility levels. The INM treatment INVC 125% RDF recorded maximum gross returns (Rs. 91,369 and 88,897/ha), but net returns were better in IN 125% RDF (Rs. 58,003 and 52,482/ha) due to higher cost of vermicompost. Moreover, IN 100% RDF resulted in maximum B:C ratio than IN 125% RDF due to higher expenditure incurred on extra dose of fertilizer IN 125% RDF, during both the years, respectively. In future, with the increased availability of vermicompost by establishment of small production units or cooperatives at farm or village level in due course of time may bring down its cost and therefore, it may give better returns than worked in the present studies.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Analysis Of Soarce Sink And Its Partitioning In Indian Mustard (Brassica Jancea L. Czern And Coss) Under Normal And Moisture Stress Environments(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2003) Sunil Kumar; Dhiraj SinghThesisItem Open Access Studies On The Effect Of Vam And Growth Regulators On Gladiolus Grandiflorus L. Cv. Jessica(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2002) Sunil Kumar; Gupta, A. K.ThesisItem Open Access Oxidative Stress And Antioxidant System During Ripening And Storage Of Ber (Ziziphus Mauritiana Lamk.) Fruits(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2008) Sunil Kumar; Malhotra, Saria
