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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2015 - 20194
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Author: Sonika × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular characterization of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its management in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Sonika; Gulati, Rachna
    For molecular characterization, Tetranychus urticae was collected from different locations of Hisar from three crops viz., tomato, okra and brinjal. Total genomic DNA isolated using modified CTEB method were subjected to PCR assay using ITS2 primer yielded single bands in the range of 527 to 546 bp. The sequence analysis of PCR products indicated guanine at 67, 93, 96 position and adenine at 68, 77, 86 position in case of AO11 showing variability with other populations and maximum identity (96.67%) with T. macfarlanei ITS2 gene (Accession No. AB738756.1). Other sequences of spider mites; HT1, HO2, HB3, ST4, SO5, SB6, KT7, KO8, BO9 and BB10 showed identity (81%) with ITS2 of T. urticae (Accession No. AB27738.1). The pair-wise genetic distance between individuals of these ten populations was negligible (0.0 to 0.02%), showing low divergence amongst them. The phylogenetic analysis of eleven sequences showed that AO11population collected from Adampur was closely related with T. macfarlanei population and rest of the populations with T. urticae populations. Population dynamics of T. urticae was recorded from autumn (September to November, 2017) and spring summer (February to May, 2018) on tomato which showed peak in the second fortnight of October, 2017 (51.57 mites/ sq. cm leaflet) and second fortnight of March, 2018 (69.60 mites/ sq. cm leaflet) under screen house conditions. In field study, statistically higher numbers of eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults were recorded during second week of April than at other observation periods. The distribution of T.urticae was found to be more on ventral surface of grown up leaves (11.91 mites/sq. cm leaflet) which was statistically higher than the mite recorded on tender (11.12 mites/sq. cm leaflet) and older (10.66 mites/sq. cm leaflet) leaves. Among abiotic factors, T. urticae population showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r =0.70), sunshine hours (r= 0.63) and significant negative correlation with relative humidity (r = -0.83) and wind velocity (r= -0.55). Minimum temperature, morning relative humidity, average vapour pressure and rainfall showed non significant relationship with mite incidence. Investigations on phytochemical parameters showed that with increase in T. urticae population, number of chlorotic patches, total phenols and proline significantly increased in tomato leaves. Photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophylls, Chlorophyll-a, b, carotenoids), total sugars, reducing, non reducing sugars, mineral content (nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus), fruit number, length, and weight, significantly decreased in response to T. urticae infestation as compared to uninfested leaves. Bioassay results clearly revealed that aqueous and methanolic leaf extract of O. sanctum possessed acaricidal activity. The LC50 value in aqueous and methanolic extract was 3.46, 7.06 percent against T. urticae. Highest reduction in number of eggs and mobile stages were noticed in Omite treated plants (68.74, 71.62%) followed by methanolic leaf extract of O. sanctum(@ 5%) (68.74, 63.62%) and aqueous leaf extract of O. sanctum (@7.5%) (57.26, 60.98%) as compared to control. In T. urticae adults, increase in esterase level after 24h and 48h exposure but decrease in GST level after 48 h of exposure of aqueous leaf extract of O. sanctum was recorded.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetical, Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease in Gossypium hirsutum L.
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.
    The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetical, biochemical and molecular basis of cotton leaf curl virus disease in gossypium hirsutum L.
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.
    The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of tetranychus urticae koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) to plant age and fertilizers in brinjal
    (CCSHAU, 2015) Sonika; Gulati, Rachna
    Studies on the seasonal incidence of Tetranychus urticae on brinjal revealed that mite attacked from September to November, 2014 with peak in the last week of September, 2014 (2.78 to 6.18 mites/sq cm leaf) in all the fertilizer treatments. Peak in T. urticae population was observed during last week of September, 2014 (5.85 mites/sq cm leaf) under screen house conditions. Leaf wise, maximum population developed on grown up leaves (2.56 mites/ sq cm leaf) followed by 2.47 and 1.70 mites/ sq cm leaf on tender and older leaves, respectively ; former two were statistically comparable with each other. Among abiotic factors, T. urticae population showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r =0.87), minimum temperature (r =0.77), wind velocity (r=0.79) and sunshine hours (r =0.87) under field conditions. A significant negative correlation was, however, recorded with morning relative humidity (r = -0.77). Investigations were carried out to access the damage caused by T. urticae in brinjal. Among the parameters recorded, number of chlorotic patches on brinjal leaves, reducing sugars and phenols increased in proportion to mite population; former showed significant increase. Additionally, fruit number, length, width and weight, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus decreased significantly in response to T. urticae population as compared to control during study period. There was no effect of mite infestation on total sugar contents and non reducing sugar of brinjal leaves Under field conditions, highest reduction in T. urticae population was achieved with farmyard manure (15 t/ha), followed by neem cake (3 q/ha), farmyard manure (20 t/ha), poultry manure (3 t/ha), neem cake (2q/ha), poultry manure (2.5t/ha), NPK (100:50:25) and vermicompost (2.5 t/ha), showing 55.56, 53.59, 52.59, 51.96, 48.37, 41.50, 18.30 and 11.11 percent reduction over control, respectively.