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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Integrated Nutrient Management in Barley(CCSHAU, 2019) Sandeep Kumar; Sewhag, MeenaThe present study entitled, “Integrated nutrient management in barley” was conducted during the Rabi season of 2017-2018 at the Agronomy Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar with the objective to study the effect of different nutrient management practices on growth, yield, quality and economics of barley. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice with ten different treatments viz. T1(Control) , T2 (Biomix) , T3 (Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T4 ( Biomix + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T5 (50 % RDN + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T6 (75 % RDN + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T7 (50% RDN + Biomix + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T8 (75 % RDN + Biomix+ Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1), T9 (RDN) and T10 (RDN + Biomix + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1). Among nutrient management practices treatments T10 recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz. [plant height (cm), LAI, number of tillers / m.r.l. and dry matter accumulation/plant (g/plant)], yield attributing characters [Number of grains per spike and spike length (cm) ] , grain, straw and biological yield (kg ha-1), protein content, N, P and K content in grain and straw (except K content in straw), gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio of barley. Performance in terms of growth, yield, nutrient studies, quality and economics of barley in treatment T8 (75 % RDN + Biomix+ Vermicompost @ 5t ha-1) was at par with treatment T9 (RDN) and T10 (RDN + Biomix + Vermicompost @ 5t ha-1). Treatment T10 took highest number of days to flag leaf emergence, booting, anthesis and maturity as compared to other treatments. Treatment T1 being at par with treatment T2 recorded significantly higher value of malt content of barley than treatment T3 to T10. But various combinations of nitrogen fertilizer, biomix and vermicompost failed to produce any significant variation in days taken to emergence and tillering, plant population at 20 DAS, test weight, harvest and attraction index, quality parameters like hectoliter weight and boldness as well as thinness of barley grain, K content (%) in straw and available N, P and K status of soil after the harvest of barley.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Agricultural Price Policy on Oilseed and Pulse crop in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2019) Sandeep Kumar; Luhach, Ved PrakashThe present study was carried out with the objectives to analyse the trend in area, production and productivity, the seasonal variation in price and arrival, gap between FHP (Farm Harvest Prices) and MSP (Minimum Support Prices) and identify the constraints in production and marketing of rapeseed & mustard and chickpea. The study was based on primary as well as secondary data. Bhiwani and Mahendragarh districts were purposively selected based on the highest area under rapeseed & mustard and chickpea from Haryana, respectively. Two blocks namely Tosham and Kairu from Bhiwani district, Kanina and Mahendragarh from Mahendragarh district selected purposively. Further two villages of each selected block were selected randomly. From each village, 10 farmers were selected randomly and finally, 80 farmers of eight villages were interviewed to excerpt all desired information. The outcomes of study revealed an increasing trend in the area, production and productivity of rapeseed and mustard at the national level with CGRs values of 0.05, 1.89 and 1.67 per cent, respectively. Whereas, in Haryana, the trend in area indicated decreasing trend -0.31per cent, while production and productivity illustrated increasing trend with CGRs values of 2.00 and 3.87 per cent, respectively. In the study shown an increasing trend in the area, production and productivity of chickpea at the national level with CGRs values of 1.71, 2.84 and 1.11 per cent, respectively. Whereas, in Haryana, the trend in area and production indicated decreasing trend -8.29 per cent and -7.79 per cent while productivity illustrated increasing trend with CGR values of 0.46 per cent, respectively. Seasonal analysis resulted that the rapeseed & mustard and chickpea arrivals in the selected markets were higher in the months of March to June (Peak period) and lower in the months of February to October to February (Lean period). The inverse relationship was found between price and arrivals of rapeseed & mustard and chickpea in the selected markets. Gap between FHP and MSP resulted that in mostly cases FHP is higher than MSP because higher demand than supplies does not allow the market prices to fall below MSP. In recent year, market prices ruled higher than MSP. The major problems faced by the farmer in the production, marketing of rapeseed & mustard and chickpea in Bhiwani district were inadequate irrigation facilities 74.17 per cent followed by lack of adoption of plant protection measures 70.00 per cent and marketing constraints were wide fluctuation in prices 72.50 per cent followed by remunerative prices 61.67 per cent. In Mahendragarh district major production constraint of rapeseed & mustard and chickpea were inadequate knowledge of recommended packages and practices 61.67 per cent followed by big inadequate irrigation facilities 58.33 per cent, lack of adoption of plant protection measures 55.83 per cent and marketing constraints were was remunerative prices 62.50per cent followed by wide fluctuation in prices 60.00 per cent, large number of intermediaries in marketing process 56.67per cent.ThesisItem Open Access Spent mushroom substrate utilization using different portable technologies(CCSHAU, 2016) Sandeep Kumar; YadvikaIn present scenario, portable technologies are becoming popular because of their fabrication, installation, transportation and less space requirement. These are effective and efficient in terms of technology and cost. Mushroom industry is generating about 1-2 million tons per ton of mushroom harvested. Hence, the disposal of spent mushroom substrate is becoming a challenge for the mushroom growers. In the present study, three portable technologies i.e. Portable biogas plant, vermibed and biomass geyser were selected. Utilization of spent mushroom substrate was done using these portable technologies. Also one portable earthworm separator machine was developed during the course of this study. SMS was added as additive (2%) in 2 m3 portable biogas plant on alternative days for 4 months i.e. Jan-April. The average daily temperature varied between 18-40°C. Biogas production in control and SMS based biogas plants varied between 600 to 1214 litres and 726 to 1438 litres, respectively. The methane percentage was 55% in control and 60% in SMS based biogas plant. The benefit cost ratio of biogas plant came out to be around 1.5 and payback period was 3.62 years. Two portable vermibeds were fed with cattle dung and SMS in 2:1 and 4:1 ratio for compost preparation. The vermicompost was prepared in 70 days. N, P, K content of 2:1 based vermicompost were 0.16, 0.57 and 0.19% and 4:1 based vermicompost were 1.90, 0.57 and 1.54%. 4:1 based vermicompost was found to be better as compared to 2:1. The benefit cost ratio of vermibed was found to be around 4 and payback period was 3 months. The separation of vermicompost and earthworm was done using developed portable earthworm separator. It took 1 min to separate 2 kg of vermicompost. The separations efficiency was around 90%. The cost of this developed machine was Rs. 5000. Portable biomass geyser was operated on a mixture of cattle dung and SMS (5:1) for heating water. The cost of heating 100 litres of H2O came out to be Rs. 54 in case of electric geyser and Rs. 32 in case of biomass geyser. It can be concluded from the present study that SMS has proved to be a suitable additive along with cattle dung in portable technologies viz. Biogas plant, Vermibed and Biomass geyser. Hence, this waste can be disposed off in an eco friendly and more energy efficient manner using farmer friendly portable technologies.ThesisItem Open Access Problems and prospects of commercial floriculture in north Haryana(CCSHAU, 2012) Sandeep Kumar; Sheoran, D.K.The study entitled ‘Problems and Prospects of Commercial Floriculture in North Haryana’, was undertaken with specified objectives:-to explore the knowledge level of floriculturists; to identify the training needs of floriculturists; to find out the constraints( problems) encountered by the floriculturists and to develop a strategy for flower cultivation for sustainable development. The present study was conducted in Ambala and Karnal districts from north zone of Haryana state with randomly taken sample of 60 farmers, from each district The study revealed that majority of respondents belonged to young to middle age group, had medium level of education, socio-economic status, change proneness, extension contact and scienticism but high level of mass media exposure and risk orientation. Overall knowledge level of floriculture was medium. Knowledge about concept, importance, harvesting, packing and marketing in floriculture, majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge. In case of flower varieties, agronomic practices and fertilizer application majority of the respondents had low level of knowledge. It was noted that variable viz. age, education, socio economics status and extension contacts were highly significant and positively associated with knowledge level of floriculturists. The land holding, mass media exposure, irrigation facilities, change proneness, scienticism were found positively and significant related. Further the study highlighted that age, education and scienticism were found significantly and positively associated with the knowledge level of flower cultivation. Whereas remaining background characteristics were found significantly. Procurement of planting materials and purchase of fertilizer, pesticides and micronutrients by farmers were mostly obtained from the private sector followed by co-operative sector. In flower crops cultivation, marigold is the dominate crop in north Haryana followed by gladiolus and rose. The flower growers mostly had to hire vehicle to sale of flowers. The most felt training needs as perceived by farmers were plant disease management, followed by post harvest handling of flowers, use of biproduct and application of herbicides. The major constraint in flower cultivation as perceived by farmers were non-availability of inputs at proper time at village level, non-availability of quality seeds, no support price for flowers, problems of middle men in marketing, use of seed without treatment, lack of guidance about insect’s pests and diseases. As far as the prospects of flower cultivation, flower fetches good market price was ranked 1st, more demand outside the India was ranked 2nd, better for additional income, high price of flowers, gives assured income, quick production, demand is increasing day by day, low production cost and easy to produce, were reported as major prospects of floriculture. Reports and studies reliably indicate that export potential of flowers and consumption, within India, will increase as trend indicates, as not only the aesthetics uses but medicinal value of flowers had also been realised, so the prospects of flowers are bright.ThesisItem Open Access Marker assisted selection for fusarium wilt and ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(CCSHAU, 2016) Sandeep Kumar; Kharb, PushpaThe present investigation on marker assisted selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight in chickpea was conducted with the objectives to screen the F3 genotypes of two crosses of chickpea for QTLs conferring resistance to Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight and to phenotype F 3-4 genotypes having QTLs resistant for Fusarium wilt under artificial conditions and Ascochyta blight under natural conditions. For selection of genotypes carrying QTL(s) for disease resistance, 96 genotypes of F3 generation along with parents HC 1 and H 91-36, and 68 genotypes of F 3 generation along with their parents GNG 663 and H 04-99 were used for Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight. 20 SSR primers linked to QTLs for resistance to Fusarium wilt (8 SSR primers) and Ascochyta blight (12 SSR Primers) were used. These 20 SSR were used to discriminate the parental genotypes in which for wilt 3 SSR primers and for blight 4 SSR primers showed polymorphism in cross HC 1 × H 91-36 while for wilt 6 SSR primers and for blight 8 SSR primers showed polymorphism in cross GNG 663 × H 04-99. By using the primers showed polymorphism for both Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight, 52 genotypes for Fusarium wilt and 64 genotypes for Ascochyta blight from cross HC 1 × H 91-36 were found having resistant QTLs. 50 genotypes for Fusarium wilt and 48 genotypes for Ascochyta blight from cross GNG 663 × H 04-99 were found having resistant QTLs. In cross HC 1 × H 91-36, 14 genotypes for Fusarium wilt and 20 genotypes for Ascochyta blight highly resistant while in cross GNG 663 × H 04 99, 20 genotype for Fusarium wilt and 17 genotypes for Ascochyta blight highly resistant were found. In collective investigation, 3 genotypes highly resistant and 6 genotypes resistant for both Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight were found in the cross HC 1 x H 91-36 and 6 genotypes highly resistant and 2 genotype resistant for both Fusarium wilt Ascochyta blight were found in the cross GNG 663 x H 04-99.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different planting methods on growth and agrometeorological indices of rice (Oryza sativa L.)(CCSHAU, 2014) Sandeep Kumar; Diwan SinghA field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2011 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Kaul, India to study the comparative performance of scented/basmati rice (CSR 30) under five different methods of planting viz., machine transplanting under pudlled and unpuddled conditions, direct seeding under vattar conditions, direct seeding under zero tillage (with residue), conventional practice (nursery raising) in a randomised block design with three replications. Among different methods plant height and dry matter were significantly higher at all growth stages under M1 and M5 as compared to remaining planting methods. Likewise, the yield attributes were also significantly better under M1 and M5. However, the methods of planting had little effect on various growth and agrometeorological indices and values of these were at par. Mechanical transplanting under puddled conditions gave better results in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield attributes such as grain yield, straw yield, number of effective tillers, panicle weight, test weight under agroclimatic conditions of Kaul, the growth indices and agrometeorological indices being at par with other planting methods.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of herbicides in black gram and their residual effect on succeeding mustard crop(CCSHAU, 2014) Sandeep Kumar; Bhattoo, M.S.Evaluation of herbicides in black gram and their residual effect on succeeding mustard crop was studied at Research farm of Department of Agronomy, CCSHAU, Hisar during kharif 2013 and Rabi 2013-14. Weed flora of the experimental field was dominated by Trianthema portulacastrum (83%), Cyperus rotundus (15%) and Convolvulus arvensis (2%) at 30 DAS. PRE application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) at 1000 g ha -1 provided excellent control (90%) of Trianthema portulacastrum up to 30 DAS. At 60 DAS, percent control with this treatment decreased to 73% which was at par with two hoeings employed at 20 & 40 DAS and pendimethalin at 1000 g ha -1 used as PRE. Post-emergence use of imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) at 60-80 g ha -1 exhibited 78-83 % control of weeds with slight crop suppression which mitigated within 10-15 days after spray but resulting adverse effect on crop growth and yield. Early post-emergence application of imazethapyr at 50, 60 and 70 g ha -1 although caused mild injury to black gram in terms of yellowing of leaves and stunted crop growth up to 30, but it diminished within two weeks. Maximum seed yield (903 kg ha -1 ) of black gram was obtained with two hoeings at 20 & 40 DAS which was at par with imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) at 1000 g ha -1 and pendimethalin at 1000 g ha -1 applied as PRE. All herbicides, irrespective of their dose and time of application, did not cause any injury to mustard planted as succeeding crop after harvest of black gram due to enhanced microbial degradation of herbicides due to high rainfall (477 mm) during crop growing season.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the biology and population dynamics of rice whitebacked planthopper, sogatella furcifera (Horvath) on rice(CCSHAU, 2013) Sandeep Kumar; Lakhai RamStudies on biology and population dynamics of whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) were carried out in the screen house and field at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, rice research station, Kaul (Kaithal) during Kharif 2011 and 2012. The eggs were laid in cluster of 5-30 eggs. The maximum (71.96%) eggs were laid in leaf sheath of plant followed by midrib (16.66%) and stem (11.36%). The eggs hatched in 5-9 days with an average of 8.6±0.24 days. The hatchability was 84.21 per cent. Nymph passed through five instars to became an adult. Mean duration of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars were 2.05±0.05, 2.30±0.12, 2.60±0.11, 2.70±0.10 and 2.95±0.11 days with a range 2-3, 2-4, 2-3, 2-3 and 2-4 days, respectively. The total nymphal period was 12.6 days (range 11-14 days). On an average 89 per cent nymphs survived and became adult. The sex ratio was 1.0:0.78 (male:female). The pre-oviposition, ovipostion and post- ovipostion periods were 3.7±0.30 (2-5), 10.2±0.51 (9-13) and 2.0±0.29 (1-4) days, respectively. Longevity of males and females ranged from 11-16 (mean 14.4) and 12-19 (mean 15.9) days, respectively. On an average a female laid 132.8 (119-158) eggs during its life span. The population of WBPH was maximum during 38th SMW (4th week of September) during 2011 and 2012. A spider Lycosa spp. and mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis preyed on the eggs, nymphs and adults of WBPH. When WBPH population was correlated with biotic and abiotic factors, the relationship was found to be non significant.