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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis of possible potent herbicidal organic compounds using green catalysts(CCSHAU, 2019) Pooja; Rajvir SinghEvery day there is a new invention in the field of chemistry but the people are curious about how much they are benign to us. Green chemistry serves as a tool to reshape the chemical processes to make them clean. Thus, green chemistry is the future chemistry which is simple, efficient and benign in all steps of particular synthesis processes. Coumarins, Imidazoles and Dihydropyrimidinones are versatile classes of heterocycles and intermediates for the preparation of other organic compounds due to their effective biological activities. For the preparation of these compounds and their derivatives, different reagents are being used which are quite hazardous to the environment and human health due to their toxic nature. Since last few years, attempts are being made for ecofriendly synthesis by using a green catalyst. Green catalyst is a megahit catalyst which is helpful to overcome the negative environmental effects due to various hazardous and toxic chemicals used in synthetic pathways. Hence, the most important aspect of green chemistry is the use of green catalysts in chemical reactions. Therefore an attempt has been made to synthesize above mentioned classes of compounds by using various green catalyst (Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Oxalic acid, Citrus limetta juice, Pineapple juice and Lemon juice). These compounds were characterized by spectroscopic technique viz. 1HNMR, IR, Elemental analysis and other analytical data. Synthesized compounds were screened for herbicidal activity at 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/mL concentrations. Compounds 11, 28 and 40 were found more active against the root and shoot of Raphanus sativus L.due to the presence of methyl, chloro and methoxy group (electron-donating groups) as substituents respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Dissipation and decontamination of chlorantrantraniliprole in okra(CCSHAU, 2019) Pooja; SushilDissipation and decontamination of chlorantraniliprole (Coragen 18.5% SC) in okra and soil (at harvest time) was studied following foliar spray on okra at recommended (30 g a.i. ha-1) and double of recommended (60 g a.i. ha-1) by Central Insecticide Board (CIB). The residue of the insecticide was analyzed using GC – MS/MS with a triple Quadruple analyzer, operated in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions m/z 278 > 249 and 278>251. Recovery experiment was performed on okra and soil sample fortified @ 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 mg kg-1and the observed recoveries were in range 85.23 – 88.79 % and 84.65 – 88.65% respectively. The initial deposit of CAP residue in okra fruit was 0.077 and 0.140 mg kg-1 for single (T1) and double (T2) dose respectively. These residues dissipated following first order degradation kinetics with half -life 1.90 and 1.92 days and reached below quantified level (LOQ i.e 0.01 mg kg-1) on 7th and 10th day for single (T1) and double (T2) dose respectively. In soil (at harvest time) the residue level was < LOQ for both doses. The decontamination processes dislodges the chlorantraniliprole residue to the extent of 84.00 – 38.89% from okra fruits and washing followed by boiling was found more effective i.e. 84.00 % in dislodging residue of chlorantraniliprole than washing alone and unwashed conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic divergence analysis for morphological and biochemical traits in Desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Pooja; Pundir, S.R.The present investigation entitled “Genetic divergence analysis for morphological and biochemical traits in Desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)” was carried out at the Research area of Cotton Section and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana, India) during Kharif 2017-18. The observations were recorded for different quantitative and biochemical characters to assess the genetic diversity in 60 Desi cotton genotypes. The GCV and PCV were observed high for seed cotton yield /plant, plant height (cm), number of bolls /plant, lint yield /plant (g), and protein content (%). High heritability was observed for almost all the characters studied except number of monopods /plant. The highest genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for traits like lint yield /plant (g), seed cotton yield /plant and gossypol content (%). Hence, on the basis of highest value for component of variation and variability parameter direct selection for traits would be most effective. Seed cotton yield /plant had a positive and highly significant correlation with trait like number of monopods /plant, number of bolls /plant, boll weight (g), lint yield /plant (g), seed index and lint index at genotypic level indicated that there was strong inherent association between these traits. On the basis of cluster analysis sixty Desi cotton genotypes were grouped into seven clusters, indicated the presence of substantial genetic diversity in the evaluated germplasm lines/genotypes. In this context, the highest intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster V and lowest in cluster II. The maximum inter-cluster distance were showed between clusters II and IV, whereas, the minimum inter cluster distance was noticed between cluster III and VII, followed by clusters I and II. The genotypes of cluster III viz; FFS-1, Garovilli, H 476-5, HD 10, HD 3 and HD 20 were best performing. Based on study of morphological genetic diversity, the genotypes viz., BH 92, DC-93, HD 5278, FFS-9, BH 102, AC 33, HD 351, HD 372, BH 41, N-W-1, HD 392, G 20 and G 23 showed sufficient amount of genetic diversity for yield and its component traits which may be used in cotton breeding programmes for further improvement.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptation of kathiawar embroidery motifs to fabric painting(CCSHAU, 2018) Pooja; Vivek SinghThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to explore the possibility of adaptation of kathiawar embroidery motifs to fabric painting. Seventy kathiawar embroidery motifs were collected personally from secondary sources like books, journals, and internet. The collected motifs were categorized as geometrical, floral, and animal & bird motifs and were screened into thirty motifs by advisory committee keeping in mind their suitability for fabric painting on jacket. These three categories included ten motifs each. Top ranked four motifs in each category were selected by experts for further research work. Maximum number of collected motifs were animal & bird motifs followed by floral motifs. A total of sixty designs were created using twelve selected motifs with the help of CorelDRAW software. Top ranked five designs were selected by experts by using a preferential choice index for design placements and colour ways. A total of five painted jackets were developed as per the selected designs, their placements and colour ways. Developed jackets were assessed by thirty consumers for their acceptability level on various parameters. Design number 3, 13 and 21 were highly acceptable designs while design number 45 and 46 were acceptable designs. Created designs, design placements, colour ways and fabric painting technique were highly acceptable parameters of all the designs by consumers. In terms of overall appearance, three jackets (design number 3, 13 and 21) were assessed as highly appealing and two jackets (design number 45 and 46) were assessed as appealing. Cost of all the developed jackets was considered „appropriate. Consumers had high opinion about all the designs of developed jackets as they were strongly agreed with all the opinion statements regarding suitability of created designs for product and technique, size and shape of created designs, design placements, colour schemes and overall appearance of the developed jacket with average scores ranging between 2.36 to 2.59. Expert had high opinion regarding adaptation of kathiawar embroidery for fabric painting as they strongly opined that fabric painting is easy in execution and has effectively replicated the effect of kathiawar embroidery to maintain its beauty. It is time saving and cost effective surface embellishment technique as per market trend with WMS ranging between 2.34-2.76. Thus, transformation of innovative designs of kathiawar embroidery into fabric painting has enhanced the range of designing and productivity.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of plant growth regulators and nutrients in Kinnow mandarin(CCSHAU, 2017) Pooja; Ashwani KumarThe experiment comprising of thirteen fertilizer treatments in different combinations of growth regulators and nutrients was conducted on seven years old earmarked plants at Chaudhary Farm House, Malapur and in Post-harvest Technology Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2015-16 to study the effect of on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin. The data were recorded on June drop, pre-harvest drop, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield, percent fruit retention, fruit length, fruit diameter, shape index, peel thickness, peel thickness index, juice content, rag content, peel content, TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugar and leaf N, P, K and Zn content. The recorded data were analysed using Randomized Block Design. The results of the experiment indicated that the foliar application of 2, 4-D, GA3, K2SO4 and ZnSO4 had significantly positive influence on most of the recorded parameters. The final fruit retention, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield, ascorbic acid content, shape index and non-reducing sugars were found maximum while June and pre-harvest drop was found minimum with foliar application of 2,4-D 20 ppm. The juice content and TSS were found maximum while peel thickness, acidity, peel content were found minimum with foliar application of 2,4-D 10 ppm. The total sugars, fruit size and fruit weight were observed maximum with K2SO4 2% while rag content was found maximum with GA3 20 ppm. The reducing sugar was found highest with foliar application of K2SO4 1.5%. The content of potassium and zinc content was found maximum with the foliar application of K2SO4 2% and ZnSO4 0.75% where as nitrogen and phosphorous content were found unaffected by the application of 2,4-D, GA3, K2SO4 and ZnSO4.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological studies in wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under terminal high temperature conditions(CCSHAU, 2017) Pooja; Munjal, RenuThe present investigation was conducted to evaluate various physiological traits & identify promising wheat genotypes under terminal high temperature condition. The twenty genotypes i.e. ten tolerant (WH 730, WH 1124, WH 1021, HD 3059, DBW 90, PBW 373, Raj 3765, HD 2851, HD 2285, PBW 550) & ten heat susceptible (HD 2967, DPW 621, WH 1105, DBW 88, HD 3086, HD 2733, WH 711, WH 1080, WH 1142 & K 0307) were grown during rabi season of 2016 - 17 at Field Crop Research Area, of Wheat & Barley Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD consisting of 4 rows of 3m length with a 20×5 cm spacing within rows & between plants, respectively. Terminal high temperature significantly influenced physiological, biochemical, yield & yield attributes in both heat susceptible & heat tolerant genotypes but the reduction was more pronounced in the susceptible genotypes in comparison to the tolerant ones. WH 1021 was adjudged to be most tolerant genotype due to minimum reduction in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content & minimum increase in canopy temperature, cell membrane stability. WH 1021 also showed maximum no. of productive tiller/ m row length, biomass, grain yield, thousand grain weight & maximum harvest index. K 0307 was adjudged to be most susceptible due to maximum reduction in all physiological & biochemical trait except chlorophyll fluorescence & canopy temperature. K 0307 showed poor performance in yield & yield attributes. The tolerant genotype WH 1021 was found to be the most suitable one under terminal high temperature conditions on the basis of the overall picture of physiological, morpho-physiological & yield traits studied.ThesisItem Open Access Occupational hazards among beauty parlour workers(CCSHAU, 2016) Pooja; Mehta, ManjuThe beauty care industry is one of the fastest growing industries of country. People are realizing the importance of good health and presentation and thus becoming more and more concerned about their health and beauty and visiting the beauty parlour. Women’s participation in the beauty activity shows the importance and contribution of women to economic productivity, there is need for occupational health and safety practices covering beauty parlor process. In the light of all these the present study was taken to investigate use of beauty parlours services by rural and urban families and appraisal of the work profile, work place, work environment and occupational hazards of beauticians. A sample of 50 customers from rural area and 50 from urban area were selected who were taking the services of beauty parlour and all the beauticians from 40 beauty parlours were selected purposively from Hisar city through snowball technique. The distance of parlour from home for preponderance of the customers was 0-2 Km. the thumping majority of customers were visiting to parlour for threading, followed by waxing. All the 100% of the beauticians had acquired training for beauty parlour service. 56% of the beauticians were not taking the rest during the work of beauty activity. Mean working year of the beauticians was 6.28 years and were spending 6-8 hours/day. All were using same types of instruments/tools and various brands of cosmetics. The extent of problems faced by the beauticians were long working hours (mean score 2.68), unnatural body posture (mean score 2.65) and ventilation not in sufficient amounts (mean score 2.53). Various furniture pieces were used to carry out the treatment and also during resting and waiting period. Most frequently occurred hazards was numbness followed by skin burn, skin itching, injury and swelling. Light, SPM was less than recommended value whereas, temperature, noise and carbon dioxide was more than recommended level in the most of the parlours. Most frequently occurred hazards was numbness (mean score 2.43) followed by skin burn, skin itching, injury and swelling. As per OWAS as well as RULA posture used in facial, hair treatment, hair cutting, make up, body massage and pedicure-manicure was not suitable and it needs to be changed instantly. The intensity of musculoskeletal discomfort as per human body map was highest in wrist/hand & neck (mean score 3.98) and facial activity got the highest VAD score of 9.77. The facial activity got highest posture load (posture load factor of 62), time load (time load factor of 97) and repetitive strain (repetitive strain load of 9). Hair treatment had highest physical load (physical load factor of 7.58). Body massage got highest pain load (pain load of 14.63). As per pain load maximum discomfort was in wrist, neck and lower back, trailed by shoulders, ankle/feet and fingers. Overall maximum occupational hazards of the beauticians were in facial with total score of 278.74, followed by hair treatment, body massage and waxing. The medium hazardous activities were pedicure-manicure, make-up and hair cutting. Bleaching and threading were least hazardous activity.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular characterization of diverse genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell) for leaf and stripe rust resistance(CCSHAU, 2014) Pooja; Chawla, VeenaThe present investigation entitled “Molecular characterization of diverse genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell) for leaf and stripe rust resistance” was conducted to evaluate 40 diverse genotypes of bread wheat for yield and its component traits for identification of the most promising wheat genotypes and to characterize these genotypes using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Analysis of variance revealed considerable magnitude of variability among the diverse genotypes of bread wheat for all the traits. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed high for biological yield, grain yield per plant and tillers per plant. The differences between GCV and PCV values were minimum which show least influence of environment. High heritability was reported for biological yield, 1000-grain weight, ear length and number of grains per ear. Tillers per plant showed significant correlation with yield per plant. Biological yield (1.287) had the highest direct contribution towards grain yield per plant followed by harvest index (0.758), days to heading (0.173), number of tillers per plant (0.111) and ear length (0.092). So, direct selection of genotypes for grain yield through these traits may be effective. A total of 27 SSR primers were used in study. Three SSRs (Xgwm 582, LrK10-1AS and gwm344) did not show amplification of genomic DNA from different wheat genotypes. Only 24 SSRs (88.8%) showed amplification, of which 11 SSRs (40.7%) produced polymorphic bands while 13 SSRs produced monomorphic bands (44.4%). Size of amplified product in different genotypes ranged from 150-400 bp, a total of 44 alleles were detected with 1.83 as the average number of alleles detected.