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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access A study on simulation techniques for queuing problems(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12-07) Monika; Poonia, HemantAn important branch of Operations Research (OR) is Queuing Theory is also known as theory of waiting lines. The waiting time management plays a crucial role in today‟s competitive arena for optimizing the resources of an organization. The study on “A Study on Simulation Techniques for Queuing Problems” was planned to develop a Monte Carlo queuing model for assessment of queues and to analyze the waiting time in the warehouse. The arrival and service data for a season was gathered from a Warehouse in Tohana, Haryana. The model was used to analyze the queue characteristics like average arrival rate, average waiting time in queue, time spends in system and queue length or average number of conveyors in queue. It was found that the average number of arrivals was 2.6 conveyors/hr, number of customers waiting to be served in the queue were 14, the waiting time of the conveyors in the queue was 5.4 hrs and average time spends in the system was 5.8 hrs. The adequacy of developed model was tested using Little‟s law and it was found that the arrival rate obtained from the warehouse data is approximately same as the arrival rate achieved from the simulation.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of foliar application of chemicals on yield, quality and shelf life of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana lamk.) cv. Apple ber(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Monika; Baloda, SatpalThe investigation entitled “Effect of foliar application of chemicals on yield, quality and shelf life of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.)” was conducted at Experimental Orchard of Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2022-23. Thirty nine uniform trees of ber cv. Apple ber were selected and foliar application of different concentrations of potassium sulphate, calcium nitrate and ethephon were sprayed in the last week of december and first week of january. The yield and quality parameters demonstrated a significant improvement. The fruits that were harvested from the trees treated with potassium sulphate @ 2.5% showed the greatest improvements in the yield parameters, including the number of fruits per tree, fruit length, fruit breadth, weight, and total yield per tree. Significantly improvement in quality parameters i.e. TSS, TSS/acid ratio, ascorbic acid and total sugar was observed in the fruits harvested from the trees treated with potassium sulphate @ 2.5 % which was statistically at par with potassium sulphate @ 2.0 %. while the minimum acidity was reported from the plants which were applied with potassium sulphate @ 2.5 % and potassium sulphate @ 2.0%. Pre-harvest application of different chemicals significantly influenced the quality parameters except specific gravity and stone weight. The nutrient content was also significantly affected with the application of various chemicals. The highest concentration of N and Ca content were found with the foliar spray of calcium nitrate @ 2.0 % while highest phosphorous and potassium content was found from the trees which were sprayed with ethephon @ 600 ppm and potassium sulphate @ 2.5% respectively. The application of potassium sulphate, calcium nitrate, and ethephon did not significantly affect the zinc content, but potassium sulphate @ 0.5% applied as a foliar spray resulted in the highest zinc content. The physiological loss in weight and spoilage percentage, which are indicators of shelf life, were also observed. Calcium nitrate @ 2.0%, caused the least physiological loss in weight, while ethephon, @ 600 ppm, caused the greatest physiological loss in weight and spoilage percentage in trees.ThesisItem Open Access Ameliorating effect of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid on Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Monika; Sarita DeviThe present study entitled “Ameliorating effect of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid on Sorghum bicolor L. under salt stress.” was investigated in the screen house during the kharif season of 2022. Before sowing the pots were saturated to maintain desired levels of salt stress (control, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1). On 16th August 2022, Sorghum bicolor L. seeds were sown in pots under controlled condition. After 50 days from sowing (DAS), exogenous application of mepiquat chloride (200 and 300 ppm) and gibberellic acid (200 and 400 ppm) under stressed and non-stressed plants of CSV 32F and CSV 35F genotypes. Sampling was done at 30 and 60 DAS. Increasing levels of salt stress led to a decrease in the growth parameters, while the application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid resulted in enhanced plant growth. After the application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid, the physiological characteristics were improved, counteracting the negative effects of salt stress. Parameters such as gaseous exchange, chlorophyll index and photochemical quantum yield exhibited a gradual decline from the control to 8 dS m-1 of salt stress in both genotypes. However, a higher percentage decrease was observed at the 8 dS m-1 salt stress level in CSV 35F over the respective control. For instance, there was a 20.29% decrease in RWC, a 42.36% decrease in assimilation rate, a 69.21% decrease in transpiration rate and a 79.35% decrease in stomatal conductance. The application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid improving gas exchange and chlorophyll index, regardless of salt stress in both sorghum genotypes. On the other hand, the negative effects of salt stress, such as electrolyte leakage and ash content, increased with higher salt levels. However, the application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid partially mitigated these adverse effects of salt stress. Specific activity of enzymes increases in salt stress as well as after application of mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid. Salt stress enhanced the Na+ content but a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ content. Conversely, after applying mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid, there was a reversal of this trend. Conclusively, sorghum genotype CSV 32F exhibited slightly better performance under salt stress and showed a more favorable response in mitigating salt stress when mepiquat chloride and gibberellic acid was applied exogenously.ThesisItem Open Access Teachers’ occupational aspiration and job satisfaction in relation to their emotional intelligence(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Monika; Duhan, KrishnaThe present study was an effort to study Teacher’s Occupational Aspiration and Job Satisfaction in relation to their Emotional Intelligence. It was conducted in Hisar and Rewari district of Haryana state. A total combination of 160 teachers was selected from both the districts in which half of the sample population were belonged to Hisar district and other half were from Rewari district. To delineate personal and socio-economic variables, a self-constructed questionnaire was used. Teacher’s emotional intelligence level was assessed by Emotional intelligence test developed by Duhan (2005). Teacher’s occupational aspiration questionnaire by Nasrin and Anees (2013) was used to examine occupational aspiration of teachers and job satisfaction scale by Singh and Sharma (1990) was used to observe job satisfaction of teachers. The present study has come out with the results stated that medium level of emotional intelligence was reported in school teachers. Associations of emotional intelligence with personal and socio-economic factors of teachers showed significant associations with age, education, area of living, annual income, experience and type of school. The findings of the study revealed that teachers from both the districts were highly aspired regarding their profession and moderately satisfied with their job. Significant associations were found between occupational aspiration and job satisfaction with emotional intelligence of teachers. The study concluded that teachers working in government school had better emotional intelligence, occupational aspiration and highly satisfied with their job as compared to private school teachers.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of manure and biofertilizers on seed production of carrot (Daucus carota var. atrorubens)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Monika; Makhan LalCarrot (Daucus carota var. atrorubens) belonging to family Umbelliferae with chromosome number 2n=18 is a popular cool season vegetable and is one of the important root vegetable crops. The inflorescence, typical of the Umbelliferae, is a compound umbel. In India, root to seed is the standard method used for the production of high quality seed as this method allows the selection of healthy and true to type roots for the planting of stecklings. Organic seed production includes growing of seed crops by a collection of guidelines that prohibit the use of synthetic products/ chemicals. The present study was conducted at Seed Research Area of Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during spring-summer season of 2018-19. The objectives of the investigation were to study the effect of manure and biofertilizers on growth, seed yield and quality parameters of carrot seed crop. The experiment involved fourteen treatments, viz., T1- Absolute control, T2- RDF (N:P:K 80:40:40 kg/ha), T3- Farm yard manure 25t/ha, T4- Poultry manure 4t/ha, T5- Vermicompost 8t/ha, T6- FYM 12.5t/ha+ PM 2t/ha, T7- FYM 12.5t/ha+ PM 2t/ha, T8- FYM 12.5t/ha+ PM 2t/ha+ VC 4t/ha, T9- FYM 12.5t/ha+ PM 2t/ha+ Azo+PSB, T10-FYM 12.5t/ha+ Azo+PSB, T11- FYM 12.5t/ha+ VC 4t/ha+ Azo+PSB, T12- VC 8t/ha+ Azo+PSB, T13- PM 4t/ha+ Azo+PSB and T14- FYM 12.5t/ha+ PM 2t/ha+ VC 4t/ha + Azo+PSB and was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Highest plant growth, seed yield and yield attributing characters viz., number of umblets per umbel, number of seeds per umblets, number of seeds per umbel etc. and quality of seeds in terms of test weight, germination %, vigour index-I and II and Accelerating ageing test of 48 hours (germination %) during storage period of 3 and 6 months of carrot cv. Hisar Gairic was obtained with treatment T14 having combination of all the three manure and biofertilizers (FYM 12.5t/ha+ PM 2t/ha+ VC 4t/ha+ Azo+PSB), which was found at par with treatments T8, T9, T11 and T2. However, the B:C ratio was obtained highest with the treatment T9.ThesisItem Open Access An exploratory study on stress level among adolescents and coping mechanism(CCSHAU, 2019) Monika; Mehta, ManjuAdolescence period begin between ages 13 and 19 years and it is the transitional phase from childhood to adulthood. Stress has become a predictable word in the fast turning technical word. Stress has been experienced by almost everyone in all segment of life. The stress was ominous in earlier period now it becomes a normal part of life. The objectives of study were to assess the level of stress among adolescents, to delineate the factors causing stress among the adolescents, to identify the coping mechanism adopted by the adolescents. The present study was conducted in Hisar city of Haryana state. Two government senior secondary schools and two private schools were randomly selected. The two government senior secondary schools were Government Senior Secondary School, Model Town and Government Senior Secondary School, Patel Nagar. The two private schools were New Yashoda Public School, Siddharth International School. 200 adolescents (25 girls and 25 boys) in the age group of 15 to 19 years were selected random from each school. Total sample comprised of 200 adolescents (100 girls and 100 boys). Level of stress was assessed by using the Student Stress Scale by Zaki Akthar (2011). Results revealed that in adolescent girls and boy's main reason of stress was way of living and academic factors. Girls were more stressed due to academic factors whereas cognitive stress was found more among boys. Adolescent's girls and boys experienced moderate level of stress due to stress causing factors. As per the student stress scale level of stress was below average in girls and moderate level in boys of government schools whereas in private school both girls and boys were having moderate level of stress. Adolescent boys experienced more stress as compared to girls. Confusion was the main stress symptoms among adolescents. Adolescents adopted the relaxation technique in the form of listening music and self distraction technique in the form of playing games, watching T.V.ThesisItem Open Access Persistence and leaching behaviour of premix formulation of flubendiamide and buprofezin in soil(CCSHAU, 2018) Monika; Duhan, AnilIn Agrochemicals Residues Testing Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the persistence behaviour and leaching potential of flubendiamide and buprofezin residues in sandy loam and clay loam soil. To study the persistence behaviour of flubendiamide and buprofezin at single and double dose, i.e., 210 and 420 g a.i./ha, was applied in soil taken in plastic pots. Soil samples were collected periodically on 0 (1h), 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 90 days after treatments. In leaching experiment, flubendiamide and buprofezin was applied at 50 (single dose) and 100 μg (double dose) in both soils packed in plexi glass columns. Residues of flubendiamide and buprofezin were estimated by HPLC coupled with Quadrupole Dalton Mass Detector (QDa) and GC-MS-tandem mass spectrometry equipped with capillary column. For both insecticides limit of detection and quantification were 0.001 and 0.005 μg/g, respectively. Dissipation followed a first order kinetics in case of both flubendiamide and buprofezin. Half-life of flubendiamide was found to be 25.1 and 26.6 days in clay loam soil and in case of sandy loam, 27.3 and 31.3 days at both the doses, respectively. For buprofezin, half-life was 12.4 and 12.6 days in clay loam and 19.1 and 20.2 days in sandy loam at both the doses, respectively. The residues were below detectable limit after 45 days in case of flubendiamide for both the treatments however buprofezin residues reached below detectable limit after 60 days. Leaching experiment was carried out in laboratory under continuous flow conditions. The residues of flubendiamide and buprofezin were retained up to soil depth of 30-35 cm but maximum retention was found upto 15 cm in flubendiammide and upto 20 cm in buprofezin. There were no fractions of flubendiamide and buprofezin residues in leachate indicating about poor leaching potential of both insecticides.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of cutting management and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield, quality and seed yield of multicut oat (Avena sativa L.)(CCSHAU, 2017) Monika; Sheoran, R.S.The field experiment entitled “Effect of cutting management and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield, quality and seed yield of multicut oat (Avena sativa L.)” was conducted during the rabi season of 2016-17 at the Forage Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar with the objective to study the effect of cutting management and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield, seed production, quality and economics of different treatments for oat. Treatment combinations comprised of eight cutting management treatments i.e. C1 (Seed to Seed), C2 (Fodder at 50% flowering), C3 (Fodder 60 DAS- Seed), C4 (Fodder 70 DAS- Seed), C5 (Fodder at 80 DAS- Seed), C6 (Fodder 60 DAS- Fodder at 50% flowering), C7 (Fodder at 70 DAS- Fodder at 50% flowering), C8 (Fodder 80 DAS- Fodder at 50% flowering) and four levels of phosphorus i.e. control, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental field low in available nitrogen (161 kg N/ha, medium in available), phosphorus (12 kg/ha, medium in availibity), K (252 kg/ha, slightly alkaline in reaction having pH 7.8). The results indicated that the highest fodder and dry matter yield was obtained when only one cut of fodder was taken at 50% flowering stage and it was statistically at par for green fodder yield with treatment where first cut for fodder was taken at 80 DAS and second cut at 50% flowering stage. Harvesting of fodder at 80 DAS gave significantly higher forage yield and seed yield than the harvesting at 60 or 70 DAS. Contrary to this, the straw yield and biological yield were significantly higher in the treatment when the crop was raised purely for seed purpose. Under dual system, delay in first cut i.e. from 60 to 80 DAS resulted in a significant increase in fodder yield, seed yield, crude protein yield and net returns over the earlier cuttings. Every incremental dose of applied phosphorus resulted in a significant improvement in forage, seed and straw yield as well as the quality parameters and nutrient uptake over the lower doses. Harvesting of fodder at 50% flowering stage only gave the highest net returns and B: C ratio, whereas, under dual system, maximum net returns as well as B: C ratio was realized when first cut was taken at 80 DAS and then the crop was left for seed purpose. Application of 40 kg P2O5/ha also resulted in the higher forage and seed yield along with maximum net returns.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on development of instant rajmash and rice convenient mix(CCSHAU, 2017) Monika; Siddiqui, SaleemThe present investigation ―Studies on development of instant rajmash and rice convenient mix‖ was conducted with the objectives to develop instant rajmash - rice convenient mix and to study its shelf life. The instant rajmash was prepared from var. Chitra and instant rice was prepared from var. Basmati. The instant spice m ix was also prepared. For instantization of rajmash and rice, grains were soaked, cooked, frozen and then to ~ 5% moisture level either by cabinet dryer (40-45oC) or freeze dryer. The instant products were packed in LDPE and metalized polypropylene pouches, stored for three months at room temperature and analysed at monthly intervals for various physical characteristics, nutritional quality and sensory attributes. It was observed that grain hardness, rehydration ratio, volume expansion ration, moisture content and total protein decreased, while total sugars, non enzymatic browning, peroxide value and free fatty acids increased in reconstituted rajmash-rice with increase in storage period of convenient rajmash-rice mix. However, the reconstituted rajmash-rice prepared from stored convenient rajmash-rice mix did not show any detectable microbial growth. The overall acceptability scores of reconstituted rajmash-rice mix were lower for cabinet dried than freeze dried reconstituted rajmash-rice mix. The freeze dried convenient mix packed in metalized polypropylene was better than polypropylene bags. The convenient mix prepared by freeze drying can be reconstituted to sumptuous rice-rajmash by soaking in hot water for 10 min, while for cabinet dried convenient mix it took 15 minutes. However, the acceptability of reconstituted rajmash-rice was highly acceptable even when prepared from three months stored rice-rajmash convenient mix. The cost of production was recorded approximately Rs 29 for per 250 g pack of cabinet dried instant rajmash-rice mix and approximately Rs 38 for per 250 g pack of freeze dried instant rajmash-rice mix.
