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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2004 - 20082
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Author: Meenakshi × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2004 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies for genetic diversity for herbicide resistance in Phalaris minor Retz.
    (CCSHAU, 2004) Meenakshi; Saharan, R.P.
    Phalaris minor is most abundant grassy weed infesting wheat crop. Due to continuous use of herbicides the plants become resistant to these herbicides. The present study was conducted on 40 biotypes taken from different regions of Haryana state to standardize DNA extraction method and PCR amplification conditions and to analyze genetic diversity among various biotypes of P. minor. DNA was isolated using CTAB method with slight modifications. Biotype from Mundhal yielded highest amount of DNA (1404 ng/μl) and from Pirthala (lead treated) yielded lowest amount of DNA (110 ng/μl). Quality of DNA was tested on agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer. A single discrete band of high molecular weight showed that DNA was pure, free from contaminant, intact and of high quality. The ratio of absorbance ranged from 1.74 to 1.84. Clear and reproducible bands were generated by PCR amplification conditions of 50 ng genomic DNA, 1.6 mM MgCl2, 1 unit Taq DNA polymerase, 100 μM of each dNTP’s, 1 μl of 10X reaction buffer of Taq DNA polymerase 0.2 μM of primer and 40°C of annealing temperature. Of the 21 primers screened, 15 primers showed amplification while 6 primers did not show any amplification with any of the biotype of P. minor. All 15 primers were polymorphic showing 97 per cent polymorphism. In total, 102 bands were obtained of which 99 bands were polymorphic while 3 bands were monomorphic, generated by 15 primers. For the biotypes tested, 2 to 15 bands were obtained with an average of 4.85 per primer. Eight primers amplified 40 biotypes followed by one primer, which amplified 38 biotypes. All the biotypes were distinguishable with the combinations of polymorphic bands generated by various primers. Estimates of genetic similarity ranged from 0.489 to 0.885 indicating a high genetic variability among the biotypes. Based on the tree cluster analysis using NTSYS, the genetic variation among biotypes was high enough to group the biotypes in three clusters. First cluster comprising five biotypes (four susceptible and one resistant), second cluster has 18 biotypes (12 susceptible and six resistant) and third cluster has 17 biotypes (four susceptible and 13 resistant). The results indicate that RAPDs are efficient for grouping the resistant and susceptible biotypes i.e. most of resistant biotypes grouped into separate cluster showing that these are genetically different from susceptible biotypes. This information can be used further for identification of molecular marker for herbicide resistance gene(s) in Phalaris minor Retz.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of remediating heavy metal from industrial effluent
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Meenakshi; Kundu, B.S.
    The heavy metals accumulation in soil by land filling is causing serious environmental problems particularly the soil infertility and the use of chemicals is costly, unsafe and non ecofriendly as compared to biological methods. Nineteen samples of soils/sludge and effluent were collected from ten different locations of Faridabad (Haryana) and chemically analyzed. Soil contained total Ni and Cd in the range of 0.85 ppm to 102.24 ppm and 0.35 ppm to 4.70 ppm, respectively, whereas sludge samples contained 16.88 ppm to 71.05 ppm and 23.81 ppm to 189.47 ppm, respectively. The available Ni and Cd for soil samples were 0.17 ppm to 12.41 ppm and 0.04 ppm to 1.79 ppm. While available Ni and Cd in sludge samples were 3.03 ppm to 8.55 ppm and 1.68 ppm to 27.07 ppm, respectively. The carbon content for soil and sludge samples varied from 0.15% to 1.60%, respectively. Total nitrogen for soil and sludge samples varied from 0.20% to 0.67% and 0.63% to 0.35% respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was 0.40 to 6.25 dS/m and 18.04 dS/m to 20.40 dS/m in soil and sludge samples. The chemical oxygen demand in soil and sludge samples were 200 to 1080 mg/l and 2000 to 3600 mg/l. Total and available Cd in effluent samples varied from 0.48 to 4.83 ppm and 0.02 ppm to 1.62 ppm, respectively. Total and available Ni in effluent samples varied 1.54 ppm to 180.05 ppm and 0.27 ppm to 61.62 ppm. The carbon content and total nitrogen in effluent samples varied from 0.15% to 0.34% and 0.09% to 0.19%. EC and COD in effluent samples varied from 6.50 to 62.95 dS/m and 680 to 5600 mg/l. A total of 11 heavy metal resistant bacterial isolates differing in their morphology were picked up from soils and sludge. SdCd-1 and SdCd-2 have spherical, brownish cream, smooth, slimy colony and spherical, brownish cream, smooth, slimy colony, but SdCd-3 and SdCd-4 were spherical, cream, rough, slimy colony and irregular, light brown, rough, large colony and SdCd-5 was spherical, shiny cream, smooth and slimy colony. Where as, SdCd-6 and SdCd-7 were spherical, white, smooth, slightly slimy colony and spherical, cream, smooth, very slimy colony, respectively. The isolate No.SNi-1and SNi-2 were irregular, yellow, smooth, slightly slimy colony and irregular, brownish cream, small colony. But isolate No.SNi-3 and SNi-4 were spherical, white, slightly slimy, small colony and irregular, cream, very slimy, small colony. Based on heavy metal resistance only four isolates (SdCd-1, SdCd-7, SNi-1 and SNi-3) were finally selected for subsequent studies. Heavy metal resistant pattern of isolates was determined by growing isolates on media plates containing 0-100 ppm of Ni and Cd and effluent samples with 180.05 ppm Ni and 4.83 ppm Cd. The maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) of SdCd-1 and SdCd-7 was 80 ppm and 70 ppm, respectively. Where as, with SNi-1 and SNi-3 MTC was 100 and 80 ppm in media with heavy metals. All Ni and Cd resistant bacteria showed poor growth on media even with diluted effluent samples. The SdCd-1 and SNi-3 were more efficient in reducing Cd (24%) and Ni (40%) from media, respectively, where asSdCd-7 and SNi-1 were more efficient in reducing Cd (47%) and Ni (3%) from effluent samples. The isolate SdCd-7 was identified as Pseudomonas sp. whereas, SdCd-1, SNi-1 and SNi-3 belonged to Bacillus sp.