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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Study on Menstrual Hygiene Practices among Rural Adolescent Girls in Hisar district(CCSHAU, 2019) Jyoti; Dahiya, ManjuAdolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period in their life cycle that requires specific and special attention. This period is marked with the onset of menarche. Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to all females. This study was undertaken with the aims to assess the knowledge of adolescent‘s girls living in rural area regarding menstruation and also to study their misconception and experience and menstrual hygienic practice regarding menstruation. The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. From Hisar district block II was selected randomly and from block II two villages viz. Gawar and Burak were selected randomly. 50 females from each villages were selected randomly. Thus, making a total of 100 respondents. A set of independent variables and dependent variables were selected for the study. In this study majority of the respondents respondents attained the menarche between 13-16 years, in class VIII followed by IX with mothers‘ as a home-maker, elder sibling as a sister, both of them helped the respondents to become more aware about the menarche as both were the major source of information for them. From the findings of the present study, it can be observed that the adolescent girls had proper awareness about menstruation before menarche (75.0%) and duration of menstruation (87.0%). Regarding experience of respondents about menstruation it was found majority knew about so many aspects of menstruation but some misconceptions still exist in the respondents and instead of thinking menstruation as normal process in adolescent girls, they thought (67.0%) it as an impure blood getting released from the body. Majority of the respondents (44.0%) felt upset during their first menstruation and had (60.0%) negative reaction in general. Majority of the respondent faced the problem of (70.0%) stomach pain, (67.0%) backache, (47.0%) irritation and (38.0%) breast soreness before the menstruation, fear (93.0%), lose confidence(88.0%), lazyness (63.0%), and irritation (47.0%) during the menstruation and cent per cent of the respondents felt increased confidence , activeness and good sleep post menstrual feelings. Majority of the respondents were following good menstrual hygienic practices. Use of absorbent was found to be significantly associated with age (χ2 = 16.11*), education (χ2 = 32.625**) and fathers‘ occupation (χ2 = 13.9218*). Age (χ2 = 12.042*), education (χ2 = 20.784*) was significantly associated with reaction about menstruation of the respondents. It was found that age (χ2 = 19.159*), education (χ2 = 21.78*) and caste (χ2 = 29.751**) was significantly associated with awareness about menarche before its onset. Age education of the respondents and education of mother was positively coorelated with menstrual hygienic practices. It can be concluded that the proper menstrual hygiene and correct perception can protect the women from suffering.ThesisItem Open Access Development and nutritional evaluation of micronutrient rich baked and traditional products(CCSHAU, 2018) Jyoti; Jood, SudeshThe present study was conducted to see the effect of supplementation of spinach leaves in commonly consumed baked and traditional products. Five types of composite flours were formulated by using wheat flour, bengal gram flour and spinach leaves powder at (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12% levels). Control-I (100% wheat flour), Control-II (100% bengal gram flour), Type-I composite flour (48:48:4), Type-II composite flour (47:47:6), Type-III composite flour (46:46:8), Type-IV composite flour (45:45:10), and Type-V composite flour (44:44:12), respectively. All the formulated composite flour samples were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties. It was observed that water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, bulk density and least gelation capacity of control flours increased significantly with increase in the level of incorporation of spinach powder. The values varied from 0.98 to 3.20 ml/g, 1.23 to 2.90 g/g, 7.85 to 9.06 g/g, 0.64 to 0.94 g/ml and 9.00 to 12.40 g/100ml, respectively in all five types of composite flour samples. While solubility and flour dispersability were found to be decreased with increase in the level of spinach powder. Type-I composite flour showed highest values containing 4 per cent level of spinach powder while Type-V composite flour showed lower values containing 12 per cent level of incorporation. Moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash content of all five types of composite flour samples were found significantly higher than the control sample (wheat flour) while in comparison to bengal gram flour (control), crude protein content in all five types of composite flour samples decreased due to replacement of bengal gram flour with wheat flour. Total iron, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, β-carotene, dietary fibre and anti-oxidant activity of all five types of composite flour found significantly higher than control sample. Seven value added baked (biscuits, buns and kulcha) and traditional (matthi, matar, sev and burfi) products were prepared from formulated composite flour samples. All the products were analyzed for their organoleptic acceptability and nutritional composition. Overall acceptability scores of all four types of composite flour (up to 10% level of spinach leaves powder) made products (biscuits, matthi, matar, sev and burfi) were rated as ‘liked moderately’ to ‘liked slightly’ by the panelists. Whereas buns and kulcha found acceptable up to 8 per cent level of incorporation of spinach leaves powder. All the products were found nutritionally rich in crude protein, dietary fibre, minerals, β-carotene and anti-oxidant activity in comparison to their respective control products. Incorporation of spinach leaves powder in baked and traditional preparations are recommended to enhance the β-carotene, minerals, dietary fibre and anti-oxidant activity of diets for combating micronutrient deficiencies.ThesisItem Open Access Protective clothing for textile industrial workers(CCSHAU, 2010) Jyoti; Pruthi, NeelamTextile industry is known as backbone of Indian economy also provide several threats to its workers, while performing various activities. All the health problems can be solved by variety of method and use of appropriate protective clothing is one of effective method to prevent the workers from being exposed to health problem. To achieve the objectives of he study, it was inducted in two phases. In phase 1 to develop protective clothing for workers of textile industry and to assess their suitability and acceptability Delhi cloth Mill of Hisar and Bhiwani textile mill of Bhiwani were selected. Hundred respondents from different section of textile industry were selected to gather information regarding health and clothing related problems. In second phase protective clothing were designed. The sketched designs were evaluated by Judges and two designs of each article were selected for construction. Protective clothing/accessories selected were: Beak shape mask, cap mask, hood masks, scarf mask, shirt (Male) coverall for male, coverall for female, waist level apron, foot cover and foot cover with pajama. The selected articles were stitched and each article was given to five respondents for three trials. After three trial, suitability and acceptability was assessed. The result highlighted that scarf mask, hood mask for female and cap mask, hood mask for male was found suitable as these gave protection against fiber dust stick on head, neck and inhalation of fiber dust particles. But acceptability of scarf mask for female and cap mask for male was highly acceptable as compared to hood mask because of excessive heat in the industry and with the use of hood mask identification of the workers is difficult. Coverall with Chinese collar, pockets and elastic at wrist level in sleeves was found to be highly suitable and acceptable as compared to waist level apron, while male shirt with Chinese collar, elasticized cuff, pockets in front were found highly suitable and better than coverall. In case of pajama with foot cover and knee length foot cover, knee length foot cover was fond to be highly suitable and acceptable as compared to pajama with foot cover.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.)(CCSHAU, 2016) Jyoti; Beniwal, B.S.The present study entitled “Studies on effect of growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.)” was carried out at experimental orchard of Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the rainy season of 2015. Different growing media combinations comprising of sand, garden soil, sand + garden soil (1:1), sand + vermicompost (2:1), sand + FYM (1:1), garden soil + vermicompost (2:1), garden soil + FYM (1:1) with and without cocopeat were prepared and filled in polyethylene bags. The experiment comprising of fourteen treatments was carried out in completely randomized (factorial) with three replications under two growing conditions viz. polyhouse and open conditions during rainy season. Five representative plants were randomly selected from each replication to record data on the various parameters. It was observed that garden soil + vermicompost (2:1) + 2 cm top layer of cocopeat gave minimum days for germination, highest rate of emergence, germination, germination index and maximum number of leaves, stem girth, seedling height, root length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and plant fresh weight under open field condition. Highest survival and minimum days to transplanting were also observed in soil + vermicompost (2:1) + 2 cm top layer of cocopeat under open field conditions. The interaction between growing media and growing conditions was found nonsignificant.ThesisItem Open Access Development and Nutritional Evaluation of Value Added Products from Shiitake (Lentinus edodus) Mushroom(CCSHAU, 2015) Jyoti; Sindhu, Sangeeta C.The present study delineates information pertaining to the nutritional evalution of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) and development, nutritional evaluation and shelf life studies of products. Moisture content in Lentinus edodes was found to be 90.31 per cent. Crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fibre content respectively were 20.90, 0.95, 7.20 and 8.06 per cent. Minerals analysis revealed total iron, zinc, phosphorus and calcium content in mushroom to be 5.01, 10.09, 960.66 and 41.41 mg/100g respectively. HCl extractability for iron, zinc, phosphorus and calcium were 94.78, 70.89, 14.89 and 53.74 per cent respectively.The total carbohydrate, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, non- reducing sugar and starch in L.edodes were 62.89, 4.72, 0.48, 4.24 and 5.84 per cent respectively.The total dietary fibre, soluble and insoluble fibre content were 32.33, 1.93 and 30.29 g/100g respectively. L.edodes mushroom had a polyphenol content of 201.34 mg/100g and in vitro protein digestibility 80.53 per cent. Mushroom powders were prepared using different treatments.The mushrooms were either blanched or kept unblanched. These were further subjected to different chemical treatments including KMS or Citric acid/H2O2 before drying (solar/oven).The yield of powder obtained after drying ranged from 1.89 to 6.90 per cent in different treated and untreated dried mushroom powders. Oven drying after KMS treatment of unblanched mushroom resulted in highest yield of mushroom powder while solar drying after treatment with H2O2 of unblanched mushroom yielded minimum powder. All treatments were effective in producing organoleptically acceptable powders. The overall acceptability score of dried mushroom powders ranged 2.60 to 5.18 on six point hedonic scale. In our study, various treatments reduced the crude protein content by upto 13.38 per cent; maximum reduction was brought about in blanched H2O2 treated solar dried powder. The crude protein content in dried powders ranged between 18.12 to 20.92 per cent. All blanched mushroom powders had significantly (P≤0.05) lower crude protein content as compared to their unblanched counter parts irrespective of other treatments involved. All the treatments significantly (P≤0.05) improved the in vitro protein digestibility of mushroom powders. The in vitro protein digestibility was highest (85.94%) for blanched KMS treated oven dried mushroom and lowest(82.48%) for unblanched citric acid treated oven dried powder as well as unblanched H2O2 treatment solar dried powder. Blanched mushroom powders had significantly (P≤0.05) higher in vitro protein digestibility as compared to unblanched counter parts irrespective of other treatments involved. Antimicrobial activity of treated and untreated powder was studied against B.subtilis, E.coli, S.typhi and S. aureus in aqueous and alcoholic extracts. No significant results were achived with alcoholic extracts. Aqueous extracts exhibited inhibition zones against all test microorganisms. Blanched KMS treated solar dried Shiitake powder provided maximum zone of inhibition against S. aureus (28mm). On the basis of organoleptic acceptability of different dried powders citric acid solar dried powder were used for the development of various mushroom products i.e. Mushroom pickle, Mushroom chutney, Instant soup mix, Ready to use mushroom curry and biscuits. All the developed products were acceptable to the panel of judges. The storable products were stored and evaluated for a period of 30 days at room temperature. Mushroom curry could be stored only upto 15 days with no deterioration in any parameter. All other products could be successfully stored up to 30 days.ThesisItem Open Access Phenotypic and genotypic diversity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] germplasm lines(CCSHAU, 2015) Jyoti; Dev VartPhenotypic and genotypic diversity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] was studied in a set of 48 maintainer lines using 30 morpho-agronomic traits (16 qualitative and 14 quantitative) and 22 SSR markers. Significant mean sum of squares indicated sufficient variation in the lines. Leaf sheath length, number of productive tillers/plant, plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield/plant had high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as % of mean. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that days to 50% flowering, spike length, number of productive tillers per plant, 1000 grain weight, dry and green fodder yield were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed that days to 50% flowering, spike length, number of productive tillers/plant had high significant direct contribution towards grain yield/plant. First five principal components explained 81.02% of accumulated variability. D 2 analysis led to formation of seven clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was found between clusters 1 and 7. Based on Principal Component and factor analysis, genotypes HMS 43B, HMS 45B, HMS 60B, ICMB 97111, Tift 23 D 2B etc. showed high grain yield and high number of productive tillers/plant and plant height. Genotyping of maintainer lines with 22 polymorphic SSR markers lead to formation of 8 groups. Three out of 22 polymorphic primers showed PIC value of more than 0.70. Phenotypic and genotypic clustering showed that some genotypes grouped together in the two data sets.ThesisItem Open Access Internet use pattern among college students: Gender analysis(CCSHAU, 2014) Jyoti; Batra, AshaThe present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana State was selected purposively. Simple random sampling was applied to select 100 boys and 100 girls students. The findings revealed that majority of male respondents accessed computer as compare to female and they accessed computer from more than 2 years. One third of male and half female respondents accessed internet connection on their computer. Male respondents used BSNL internet connection and female respondents used Vodafone internet connection and both male and female respondents liked wireless internet connection. Majority of male respondents were the independent decision maker in purchase of internet and spend more money on internet as compare to female respondents. Male respondents were most frequent users of internet for e-learning, assignment preparation, research purpose, job seeking and internet banking. Female respondents used internet most frequently for educational, chatting, e-mail services, different social networking sites and online shopping.