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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Author: Jat, Manoj Kumar × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pollination studies in Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Jat, Manoj Kumar; Chaudhary, O.P.
    Field experiment entitled “Pollination studies in Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)” as conducted at Forage Section, Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2012 and 2013. The flower of T. Alexandrinum completed their life cycle on an average 173.3±13.3 hours during 2012 and 200.4±2.4 hours during 2013. A total of forty five insect species belonging to 25 families of 6 orders were recorded on the T. alexandrinum flowers. Apis dorsata F. was most abundant floral visitor (4.90/m2/5 min.) followed by A. mellifera (2.69/m2/5 min.) and A. florea 0.30/m2/5 min. during 2012. A. dorsata (3.08/m2/5 min.) was the most abundant species followed by A. mellifera (2.61/m2/5 min.) and Eristalinus spp. During 2013. The maximum amount of dry nectar sugars was produced by fully opened flower at 10.00 h (2.468 mg/flower), 13.00 (2.446) and 16.00 (2.444). The fully opened flowers produced maximum amount of energy 41.05 joules/flower followed by half open flowers (31.80 joules). The overall mean foraging rate was maximum in A. florea and A. mellifera (7.2 and 7.1 flowers/min., respectively) and minimum (5.1) in nectar forager A. dorsata. A. dorsata visited maximum number of flowers/minute while collecting N+P (7.2) followed by P (6.3) and least for nectar (5.1). The mean foraging speed of A. dorsata was maximum (17.9 seconds/flower) followed by A. florea (16.1) and A. mellifera (5.6).The A. mellifera foragers spent least time on T. alexandrinum flowers while foraging for N+P (4.6 second) followed by P (4.9) and N (7.4). Highest number of loose pollen grains were carried on the body of A. dorsata foragers (79,625) followed by A. mellifera (73,250) and A. florea (36,375). The overall mean relative pollination efficiency (RPE) ranking for the forager groups of three honey bee species in descending order were: (N+P) A. dorsata > (P) A. dorsata > (P) A. mellifera > (N+P) A. mellifera > (N) A. dorsata > (N) A. mellifera > (P) A. florea > (N+P) A. florea = (N) A. florea. It was concluded that N+P foragers (16.4 RPE) of A. dorsata were the most efficient pollinators of T. alexandrinum flowers followed closely by pollen forager (13.3 RPE). The seeds setting (%), seed yield, 1000 grains seed weight and per cent germination of T. alexandrinum significantly increased under bee pollination treatments than compared to other treatments. Saturated bee pollination by employing an 8- frame A. mellifera colony resulted in significantly higher yield over lower intensity bee pollination (4 and 2 frame colonies) and open pollination. The utility of T. alexandrinum crop as highly valuable nectar and pollen sources was confirmed for A. mellifera colony development.