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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Author: Bhadu, Surina × Start date: 2011 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical studies on antioxidative defense system in advance lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) grown under salt stress
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Bhadu, Surina; Tokas, Jayanti
    Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an important cereal crop for the world population. Based on productivity, wheat is the third most commonly grown cereal after maize and rice. It is essential for providing the mandatory amount of calories and protein content in the affluent human diet. Among abiotic stresses, salt stress is the chief reason which affects approximately 50% of crop productivity along with soil fertility. Under saline conditions, there is an imbalance in the uptake of the ions which disturbs the homeostasis between Na+/ K+ ratio. Due to the ions imbalance in plants, there is a generation of ionic and osmotic stress at the cellular level. The excess amount of ROS produced is the consequence of this stress which damages the membrane integrity that causes several changes at physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels. The present study was carried out on F5 and F6 generation of a conventional wheat cross between Kharchia 65 (salt-tolerant) × WH1105 (saltsensitive). The F5 generation was sown at 8 ECe while F6 was sown at 10 ECe and analyses were carried out at vegetative and reproductive stages. Under salt stress, WH1105 had higher oxidative stress components viz. H2O2, MDA which increased in response to the ROS and antioxidative defense system got activated to scavenges the excess of ROS. Kharchia 65 (salt-tolerant) showed higher antioxidative enzyme activities than WH1105 (salt-sensitive) under salt stress at both vegetative and reproductive stages. Introgress of Nax1 and Nax2 genes was much affective in increasing the antioxidative enzyme activities viz. at vegetative stage, SOD (1.33%, 4.50%), CAT(14.6%, 4.13%), APX(12.57%, 20.64%), GR (14.51%, 20.34%), GPX(13.91%, 4.34%), MDHAR (55.8%, 44.4%), DHAR (42.9%, 38.3%) and POX (10.44%, 4.29%) and at reproductive stage, SOD (3.26%, 3.25%), CAT(4.67%, 7.18%), APX(11.87%, 9.13%), GR (2.65%, 19.8%), GPX(19.16%, 8.48%), MDHAR (45.7%, 48.6%), DHAR (35.7%, 34.2%) and POX (7.58%, 7.12%) in F5 and F6 generations respectively in plants expressing Nax1 and Nax2 genes as compared to Kharchia 65 under salt stressed condition. The physiological parameter like RWC and osmotic potential declined with an increase in salinity and the Na+/K+ ratio was higher in F6 as compared to F5. The LOX activity was also higher in WH1105 indicating higher lipid peroxidation as compared to Kharchia 65. The proteomics data indicate that there is up-regulation of many proteins in the plants that expressing either Nax1 or Nax2 gene as compared to salt stressed Kharchia 65. From the present study, it is concluded that introgress of Nax1 and Nax2 genes had activated the antioxidative defense mechanism with an increase in the crop yield under salt stress.