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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-09) Anil Kumar; Garhwal, R.S.The present investigation „Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice‟ was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different nutrient treatments on soil properties, crop yield and yield attributes, economics of basmati rice. To achieve the above objectives of the present study, a field experiment with direct seeded rice was established at CCS HAU, College of Agriculture, Kaul farm during kharif 2019. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice viz. T1 - Control, T2 - N75 P30 K30, T3 - N37.5P15K15, T4 - Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T5 - N37.5P15K15 + Biogas slurry @ 2 t ha-1, T6 - N37.5P15 K15 + Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T7 - Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1, T8 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, T9 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1 and T10 - Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 + Biogas slurry 2 t ha-1. Grain, straw yield and yield attributes increased markedly where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry integrated with inorganic fertilizers were applied. The highest grain yield (34.20 q ha-1), harvest index (44.21 %) and No. of effective tiller/m2 (250) was observed in T9 whereas highest straw yield (43.79 q ha-1) and plant height (107.40 cm) was observed in T6 which were significantly higher over T1 (33.48 q ha-1 and 100.07 cm respectively). The highest available NPK was observed in treatments when chemical fertilizer along with 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry was applied. The highest contents of available N and P (152.67 and 31.87 kg ha-1, respectively) were observed in T6. Whereas, the content of available K was highest (396.70 kg ha-1) in T9 treatment which were significantly higher over control. The available N, P and K in control amounted to 100, 19.67 and 358.83 kg ha-1 respectively. Lower value of bulk density and higher soil organic carbon content were observed in T6 and T9 (1.28 Mg m-3and 0.63 % respectively) which were significantly different than that recorded in T1 (1.34 Mg m-3and 0.55 % respectively). Soil organic carbon and DTPA extractable micronutrients increased significantly with application of vermocompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. A decrease in soil pH and bulk density was observed in the treatments where vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer was applied. NPK content and uptake in rice increased where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers was applied. Micronutrients content and uptake in rice was increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or with integrated use of inorganic fertilizers. The highest values of microbial biomass carbon, urease, phosphates and dehydrogenase activities were observed in T9 (375.96 μg g-1 soil, 110.93 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 504.33 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1, respectively) which were significantly higher than those recorded in control (326.28 μg g-1 soil, 92.25 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 445.40 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1). Microbial biomass carbon and enzymes activity increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or their integrated use with inorganic fertilizers. Highest benefit cost ratio was observed in T2 (N75P30K30) treatment as compared to treatments where organic manures were added because of increased cost of cultivation due to application of organic manures. However, highest net return was observed in T9 (N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1).ThesisItem Open Access Performance of pearl millet-legume intercropping under rainfed(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Anil Kumar; Sharma, S.KA field experiment entitled “Performance of pearl millet–legume intercropping under rainfed conditions” was conducted during Kharif season 2020 at Dryland Agriculture Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments which included three sole crops of pearl millet, mungbean and clusterbean and intercropping of mungbean and clusterbean in replacement (2:2, 4:4 and 6:6 at 45 cm) and additive series (8:4 at 30 cm) was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. During the crop season, 280.8 mm of rainfall was received. The results showed that maximum plant height, dry matter accumulation, total number of tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant, ear head girth, ear head length and test weight of pearl millet at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at harvest were recorded in pearl millet sole at 45 cm (T1) which was closely followed by T10 (pearl millet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm) and T11 (pearl millet + clusterbean (8:4) at 30 cm). However, the highest leaf area index at the 20, 40 and 60 DAS was obtained in pearl millet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T10) and at harvest maximum LAI was obtained from T1 which was at par with T8, T9, T10 and T11. Further, RGR was maximum in T10 as well as T11.. Same scenario was recorded in intercrops also, in which plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches per plant, pods per plant,seeds per pod and seed index were obtained maximum in sole cropping of mungbean and clusterbean.The maximum grain (1409 kg/ha) and stover (2927 kg/ha) yield were recorded with pearl millet sole at 45 cm. The intercropping of pealmillet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T10) was recorded maximum pearl millet equivalent yield (3109 kg/ha). While, maximum grain (704 and 942 kg/ha) and straw (1141 and 2092 kg/ha) yields were recorded under sole mungbean and clusterbean. The land equivalent ratio, monetary advantage index, area time equivalent ratio and total relative crowding coefficient of all intercropping treatments were higher as compared to sole pearl millet and maximum was recorded in T10 amd T11 among various intercrops. From economic point of view, highest net returns and B:C ratio was obtained in pearl millet + clusterbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T10) but statistically followed by pearl millet + mungbean (8:4) at 30 cm (T1 1 ) which was superior to sole and all other intercropping treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of seed size and plant spacing on seed production of potato cv. Kufri Khyati(CCSHAU, 2019) Anil Kumar; Phor, S.K.The experiment entitled “Effect of seed size and plant spacing on seed potato production cultivar Kufri Khyati.” was conducted at Vegetable Seed Production and Research Farm, KVK Sonipat during winter season of the year 2017-18. The experiment comprising of five seed sizes (15-30 g, 31-60 g, 61-90 g, 91-120 g and 121-150 g) and three plant spacing (60x20, 60x30 and 60x40 cm) was laid out in a random block design with three replications keeping net plot size 4.8x3.6 m. Five competitive plants were selected randomly from each experimental treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different seed size and plant spacing. The per cent plant emergence, plant height, number of stems per hill, number of leaves per hill, weight of stems, weight of leaves, number of tubers of up to 25 g, weight of tubers up to 25 g, tuber dry matter content were statistically higher with the seed size 121-150 g and the number of tubers >25-50 g grade, weight of tubers >25-50 g, harvest index, percent seed tuber were maximum with the seed size 61-90 g. However, the value for number of tubers >50-75 g and >75 g grade, weight of tubers >50-75 g and >75 g grade and total tuber yield were maximum with the seed size 91-120 g. Different plant spacing exhibited significant difference growth and yield parameters. The maximum value for plant emergence, plant height, number of tubers up to 25 g, >25-50 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, weight of tubers up to 25 g, >50-75 g and >75 g grade, tuber dry matter content, percent seed tuber and total tuber yield were maximum with 60x20cm plant spacing. However, number of stems per hill, number of leaves per hill, weight of stems, weight of leaves and harvest index was found maximum with plant spacing 60x40 cm. Significantly highest value was registered for number of stems, number of leaves, weight of stems, weight of leaves, with seed size 121-150 g in combination with spacing of 60x40 cm. Maximum value for number and weight of tubers up to 25 g found with seed size 121-150 g in combination with spacing of 60x40 cm while maximum value for number and weight of tubers >75 g grade, total tuber yield was found with seed size 91-120 g in combination with spacing of 60x20 cm. Significantly maximum value for number of tubers >25-50 g and >50-75 g and weight of tubers >25-50 g and >50-75 g found with seed size 61-90 g in combination with spacing of 60x20 cm. Effect of seed size and plant spacing showed remarkable variation for growth and yield for all the parameters. Kufri Khyati produced highest total tuber yield (358.60 q/ha) when 91-120 g seed tubers were planted at a spacing 60x20 cm which was followed by total tuber yield of 338.61 q/ha with 61-90 g seed size planted at 60x20 cm plant spacing.ThesisItem Open Access Role of social media in dissemination of agricultural innovations in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2018) Anil Kumar; Malik, Joginder SinghSocial media is very important tool in farming and growing at an explosive rate, with millions of people all over the world generating and sharing content on a scale barely imaginable a few years ago. Now social media is the main form of communication around the world. There is also need of timely site specific and rapid dissemination of agricultural information. . The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state namely, Hisar and Sirsa, from each district two blocks were selected randomly, from each block two villages were selected and from each village, fifteen farmers were selected randomly. Thus, total one hundred twenty farmers were selected and interviewed with the help of well structured schedule. The interview schedule was divided into three parts i.e. awareness, adoption and constraint. Findings of the personal profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the farmers were of middle age group (31-50 years), educated up to higher secondary, belonged to nuclear family, performed farming and had land holing up to 5 acres. Result pertaining to awareness indicated that awareness about WhatsApp and Kisan SMS Portal was more than 70 % among the respondents. Results pertaining to adoption of social media to farmers revealed that most of the farmers preferred social media for entertainment and communicating purpose rather than agricultural information. No training and education about use of social media, low level of education, people were less trusted towards social media, language and cultural barriers were the main barriers faced by the respondents. The study exposed the ground reality of use of social media which could help the extension personnel to develop the models which can make social media user friendly in communicating and sharing agricultural information.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics of Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) resistance in advanced lines of cluster bean(CCSHAU, 2011) Anil Kumar; Kadian, S. P.The present study was conducted on segregating populations of two crosses viz. HG 563 (Resistant) X PNB (Susceptible) and HG 75 (Resistant) X PNB (Susceptible) grown during kharif 2010 to screen advanced F3 and F4 progenies for bacterial leaf blight resistance under artificial inoculated conditions, F2 populations for number of gene governing resistance and to perform diversity analysis in advance lines for resistance and yield components. Observations were recorded on plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant, bacterial leaf blight disease incidence, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, crude protein content, gum content and total phenol. In F2 populations of both crosses, a ratio of 13 : 3 was observed which indicated the presence of epistatic (Inhibitory) interaction. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that Clusters I and III gave the best performance for yield and its components in cross HG 563 X PNB and clusters I, III and V were found better in cross HG 75 X PNB. In principal component analysis, first principal component explain 78.93 per cent and 78.47 per cent variability in crosses HG 563 X PNB and HG 75 X PNB, respectively. In cross HG 563 X PNB, variables exhibited high loading of different factors in such a manner that principal factor I and principal factor III could be designated as yield factor and disease factor, respectively. In another cross HG 75 X PNB, principal factor I and principal factor II could be designated as maturity factor and yield factor, respectively. Total phenolic content was increased as disease reaction increase in plants.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of cytoplasm and cytoplasmicnuclear interaction on downy mildew resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)(CCSHAU, 2014) Anil Kumar; Ramesh KumarForty eight hybrids and their parents of pearl millet were evaluated to study the effect of cytoplasm and cytoplasmic- nuclear interaction on downy mildew (S. graminicola) disease resistance. Genotype mean squares were highly significant for all the characters studied indicating high variability among genotypes. The non-significance of A×R vs. B×R hybrid comparisons for downy mildew incidence revealed that downy mildew is not affected by the cytoplasm. Higher/ equally good number of cytoplasmic effects for various characters in case of A4 and A5 CMS system lines revealed that these lines should be used extensively in breeding programme. The preponderance of magnitude of fixed effect variances due to sca revealed that non-additive gene effects governed the inheritance for almost all the characters except downy mildew. The studies on combining ability revealed that none of the parents– lines (sterile as well as maintainer) and tester proved to be good general combiner for all the characters. The line 4 (81B1) representing A1 system fertile cytoplasm (maintainer) combined favorably for grain yield, dry fodder yield and effective tillers. The tester G73-107 combined favourably for downy mildew resistance. The hybrid 3×11 (81A5×ERC) combined for grain yield and other important traits and also expressed significant positive sca with high per se performance. The same hybrid expressed significant positive heterosis for grain yield, effective tillers, panicle girth, harvest index and downy mildew resistance (negative heterosis) both at 30 days and 60 days. This cross combination 3×11 (81A5×ERC) needs further vigorous testing. The molecular analysis of parental lines by SSR markers (twenty six) exhibited monomorphic pattern for all lines indicating the genetic purity of lines. The study emphasizes on continued and sustained efforts on the cytoplasmic as well as genetic diversification of seed as well as pollen parents.
