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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Geospatial mapping and characterization of groundwater quality and its impact on soil properties in Jind district of Haryana(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-08) Ajay Singh; Sheoran, Hardeep SinghThe study was counducted in Jind district, Haryana located between 2903'00" to 2951'00" N latitude and 7553'00" to 7645'30" E longitude with an objective to determine the geospatial mapping of groundwater quality and its impact on soil properties. A total of 830 groundwater samples were collected from eight blocks, viz., Jind, Alewa, Pillukhera, Narwana, Safidon, Julana, Uchana, and Ujhana of Jind district to evaluate the impact of water quality on soil properties, 130 soil samples (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) from each category of water from each block were collected from different sites. According to AICRP (1989) criteria of groundwater quality classification, out of 830 water samples, 36.27 percent samples were found to be of good quality, 33.01 percent were marginally saline, 13.01 percent were saline and 17.23 percent were high SAR saline, 0.24 were marginally alkali and 0.24 were classified in highly alkali categories, respectively. Among the different eight blocks, maximum good quality of water (67.95%) was found in block Ujhana and maximum poor quality (79.35%) water was found in block Narwana of the Jind district. The lowest value of pH (7.03) was observed in village Padana of block Julana, while lowest EC (0.23 dSm-1) was found in village Kalwan of block Ujhana. The lowest SAR (1.46) (mmol l-1)1/2 in village Lown of block Ujhana and RSC (0.00 meq L-1) observed in all the blocks and maximum value of pH (9.80) in village Dhanauri of block Ujhana, EC (21.08 dSm- 1 ) in village Sacha Khera of block Narwana, SAR (32.61) (mmol l-1)1/2 in Makhand village of Uchana block and RSC (5.25 meq L-1) in village Rattakhera (a) of Safidon block in Jind district. The mean cationic composition in Jind district followed the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+. Likewise, the anionic composition was observed in order of Cl- > SO4 2- > HCO3 - > CO3 2-. Based on the category of irrigation water used, soil samples were collected and soil saturation extract was analyzed. The lowest to highest values of ECe, pH and SAR varied from 1.11 (Village Belarkha, block Ujhana) to 21.11 dSm-1 (Village Shadipur Khera, block Julana), 7.30 (Village Brah khurd, block Jind) to 8.75 (Village Bibipur, block Jind), 3.65 (Village Alewa, block Alewa) to 34.29 (mmol l-1)1/2 (Village Bibipur, block Jind), respectively. The ECe, pH and SAR decreased with the soil depth. Thematic maps of various groundwater quality parameters such as pH, EC, SAR, RSC and overall water quality of study area were prepared using Arc Map 10.1 software and represented with suitable legend. It could be concluded from the present study that geospatial aided mapping proved to be a better technology for better characterization and utilization of natural resources in Jind district of Haryana.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on vicine-convicine and L-DOPA in different plant parts of faba bean Vicia faba L.(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021) Ajay Singh; Ravi KumarFaba bean is protein rich, however, due to the presence of favism causing agents, vicine and convicine, its utility is hindered. The present study was undertaken to estimate the vicine-convicine and L-DOPA contents in different plant parts of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes (HT 226421, HT 226419, RF 226451, RF 226443, SAEA 226561, SAEA 226556, VT 218733, VT 218725, VT 218712, VT 218702). In order to use vicine standard for estimation of vicine and convicine, its synthesis was achieved by the condensation of guanidine or urea with the -glycoside of ethyl 2-cyano-2-hydroxyacetate. L-DOPA is used for the treatment for Parkinson’s disease and it has an annual demand of $101 billion. So, L-DOPA, vicine-convicine contents were estimated in different plant parts of faba bean by using HPLC. The average L-DOPA content was maximum in flowers followed by leaves, green seeds, pods, podwalls and stems which was 47.87, 28.06, 27.23, 20.54, 14.59 and 1.82 mg/g, respectively on dry weight basis. The average total vicine and convicine content was lowest in stems followed by flowers, leaves, podwalls, pods, mature seeds and green seeds with 0.27, 0.88, 1.12, 1.21, 7.02, 7.20 and 17.43 mg/g, respectively. Total vicine and convicine content was lowest in green seeds of HT 226419, mature seeds of SAEA 226556 and pods of the variety Vikrant. Hence, the present investigation concludes that faba bean is as a good source of natural L-DOPA. Also, the vicine-convicine concentration in the green seeds is significantly high which upon ingestion can cause favism in the G6PD deficient population.ThesisItem Open Access Economic Analysis of Establishment Techniques of Wheat in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2019) Ajay Singh; Rathee, Anil KumarThe study was conducted in Karnal and Kaithal districts of Haryana in 2017-18 to study the comparative economics of establishment techniques of wheat in the state. It was revealed that major farmers in Karnal and Kaithal districts were selected purposively on the basis of highest area under different types of resource conservation establishment techniques. Even though, the cost of cultivation was found to be higher in CT due to higher cost in preparatory tillage still farmers doing CT. The share of variable cost in total cost of conventional technique of wheat was higher than the conservation techniques (ZTT and THST), while the share of fixed cost in total cost of THST was found to be higher as compare to CT and ZTT. On the other hand the cost of fertilizer and plant protection were higher in conventional technique rather than zero tillage and turbo happy seeder techniques. Profitability was found to be higher in THST method. Per hectare main product was more in THST method than the other one. The result of the study displayed that in case of input output relationship of wheat cultivation in Haryana, elasticity of production was decreasing return to scale indicating resources in conventional and zero tillage techniques was over utilized but in turbo happy seeder technique elasticity of production was increasing return to scale implying that the resources were efficiently used. Maximum input energy was consumed by post irrigation, FYM application and wheat straw making operations. Though, THST of wheat was produced higher output energy as compared to ZTT and CT. Whereas, on the other side, output-input ratio were observed higher in turbo happy seeder technique as compared to zero tillage and conventional techniques indicated energy efficient technology. The constraint for production of CT were weed infestation and non adoption of seed treatment. In ZTT weed infestation, limited availability of zero tillage machine at the time of sowing and problem of germination and in THST were less effective weedicides and shortage of turbo happy seeders during sowing.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of different herbicides on kharif maize and their residual effect on succeeding wheat crop(CCSHAU, 2018) Ajay Singh; Mehar ChandThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of different herbicides on kharif maize and their residual effect on succeeding wheat crop” was studied at Regional Research Station, Karnal during kharif 2015 and 2016 and rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17 with the objectives, to find out the effect of different weed control methods on weed flora, growth and yield of kharif planted maize, to study the residual effect of different herbicides applied in maize on succeeding wheat crop and to work out the economics of different weed control treatments. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design and comprised of seventeen treatment combination applied in kharif maize. The treatments were atrazine 750 g/ha PRE (T1), atrazine 1000 g/ha PRE (T2), atrazine 750 and 500 at PRE and 35 DAS (T3), atrazine 750 g/ha as PRE fb 2, 4-D 500 g/ha at 35 DAS (T4), atrazine 1000 g/ha as PRE fb one hoeing at 35 DAS (T5), one hoeing at 20 DAS fb atrazine 500 g/ha at 35 DAS (T6), alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE (T7), alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb hoeing at 35 DAS (T8), alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb 2, 4-D 500 g/ha at 35 DAS (T9), atrazine 375 g/ha+ alachlor 1000 g/ha as PRE (T10), tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T11), tembotrione 140 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T12), alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T13), atrazine 1000 g/ha as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T14), hoeing twice at 20 and 35 DAS (T15) , weedy check and weed free. Major weed species infesting the experimental field were Cyperus rotundus, Brachiaria reptans, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Amaranthus viridis, Digera arvensis, Phyllanthus niruri and Portulaca oleracea. The treatment alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T13) provided excellent control of all types of weeds at different stages of the crop growth during both year of experimentation. Among herbicide treatments at 50 DAS, alachlor 2000 g ha-1as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 provided highest weed control efficiency (94.6 and 95.6 %) during both the years. Maximum grain yield (6505 and 6903 kg ha-1) and yield attributes of maize were obtained in weed free treatment which was statistically at par with alachlor 2000 g/ha as PRE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha +S at 35 DAS (T13) (6380 and 6816 kg ha-1). No visual phyto-toxicity of any applied herbicide was observed in maize crop. All herbicide treatments employed in kharif maize, irrespective of their dose and application time did not show any residual carryover effect on succeeding wheat because of rapid microbial degradation of herbicides due to four flood irrigation applied to kharif maize and occurrence of 377.8 and 501.7 mm of rainfall between the time of application of herbicides and sowing of succeeding wheat crop.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on weed management in direct seeded rice(CCSHAU, 2014) Ajay Singh; Nandal, D.P.A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2012 at Students’ Farm of College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Kaul (Kaithal). The treatments treatments included pre and post emergence herbicides (T1: pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1, T2: pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1 +ethoxysulfuron 18.75 g ha-1, T3: pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1 +Almix 4 g a.i. ha-1, T4: pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb fenoxaprop 67 g ha-1 , T5: pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb fenoxaprop 67 g ha-1 +ethoxysulfuron 18.75 g ha-1,T6: pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb fenoxaprop 67 g ha-1 + Almix 4 g a.i. ha-1,T7: oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1, T8: oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1 + ethoxysulfuron 18.75 g ha-1, T9: oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1 + Almix 4 g a.i. ha-1 , T10: oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 fb fenoxaprop 67 g ha-1 , T11: oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 fb fenoxaprop 67 g ha-1 + ethoxysulfuron 18.75 g ha-1, T12: oxadiargyl 100 g ha-1 fb fenoxaprop 67 g ha-1 + Almix 4 g a.i. ha-1) which were compared with weedy check and weed free treatments in randomized block design with three replications. The major weed species infesting direct seeded rice were Cyperus difformis, Cyprus rotundus, Leptochloa chinensis, Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa glabrescens, Eclipta alba, Ammannia bacciferai, etc. Among different weed control methods, pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1 +Almix 4 g a.i. ha-1 resulted in in significantly higher grain (3967 kg ha-1) and straw (5752 kg ha-1) yield along with other yield attributing characters viz. effective tillers m-2and no. of filled grains per panicle. This treatment produced comparable grain and straw yield to the plots which were kept weed free for the whole season as well as pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1 +ethoxysulfuron 18.75 g ha-1, pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb fenoxaprop 67 g ha-1 +ethoxysulfuron 18.75 g ha-1and pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb fenoxaprop 67 g ha-1 + Almix 4 g a.i. ha-1. Lowest grain yield (1515 kg ha-1) was produced in weedy check, which was significantly lower than weed free. Economic parameters such as net return (Rs1,03,207 ha-1) and B:C(2.37) were highest in pendimethalin 1000 g ha-1 fb bispyribac sodium 25 g ha-1 +Almix 4 g a.i. ha-1which was comparable to weed free but higher than other weed control treatments.
