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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of vitamin C on growth performance and haematological parameters of Catla catla Hamilton, 1822(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05-25) Jyoti; Dahiya, TejpalThis study investigated the effects of different doses of vitamin C on the growth, survival, and haematological parameters of C. catla over a period of 60 days. Three different concentrations of vitamin C (500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 1500 mg/kg) were supplemented with basal feed in three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) while the control group received basal feed without vitamin C supplementation. Catla fry and fingerlings were used as the experimental animals. Fortnightly measurements of growth parameters revealed that the maximum growth was observed in the T2 group, which received vitamin C at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg, while the control group exhibited the lowest growth when fed with only basal feed. Treatment T2 also showed the highest weight gain in both fry and fingerlings. The specific growth rate was higher in T2 compared to other groups. Additionally, T2 demonstrated the best feed conversion ratio and feed conversion efficiency on the 60th day. The survivability percentage was highest in T2, indicating improved survival rates compared to the control group. Furthermore, T2 showed the greatest percentage increase in length for both fry and fingerlings. Haematological parameters of the T2 group were found to be superior to other treatments and the control group, suggesting that vitamin C supplementation acted as an immunostimulant. Parameters such as haemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, and PCV were significantly higher in the T2 group compared to the control group. Conversely, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were lower in the T2 group compared to the control group.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of the repellent properties of indigenous essential oils against the rodent species(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07-25) Varsha; RavikantRodents are one of the most persistent and ubiquitous vertebrate pests that affect the human population. It is an indoor pest, and various rodenticides are used for its management. Studies of the repellent effect of botanically extracted essential oils of plants citronella & cinnamon were conducted on Mus musculus in the Department of Zoology & Aquaculture. Among different concentrations (5, 10, 20%), the 20% concentration carries the maximum repellent effect on house mice (Mus musculus). There were different modes of application of essential oils. Still, among the four observed during the study (direct application on coarse wheat grains, application on gunny bags containing coarse wheat grains, mixing of essential oil with wax and coating it on gunny bags filled with wheat grains, wax blocks made using the essential oil, paraffin wax and coarse wheat grains); direct application of essential oil on coarse wheat grains has more effect as repellent meanwhile essential oil mixed with wax and wheat grains has longer lasting impact along with maintaining the efficient repellent property. There can be different frequencies of application and out of which three were used during the experiment (daily, alternate days, once a week), out of which daily application was comparatively more efficient than the remaining two. Still, when it comes to per cent repellency and overall efficiency, the weekly application was best. Overall, 20% concentration treatment of essential oil in wax blocks weekly has the best results. When comparing mean food consumption and weight gain between males and females, males consumed more food than females, and weight gain was also higher in males, but females were more active throughout. The overall effect of essential oil treatment on both gender, female mice were comparatively more repelled than male.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of turmeric supplemented cluster bean cake on growth performance and haematology of common carp(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07) Sunita; Dharambir SinghTurmeric (Curcuma longa) one of the natural ingredients that can be used to enhance the appetite of fish and hence enhance the growth of that fish .The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of turmeric supplemented cluster bean cake on growth and hematological parameters of common carp. The fish were reared in aquaria for 90 days and fed with different experimental diet. Different type of experimental diets were prepared by supplementation of cluster bean cake with turmeric @ 3g/kg, 6g/kg and 9g/kg in T1, T2 and T3 respectively and control group (without supplementation). The results of study demonstrated an increase in final weight, length, average daily weight gain and specific growth rate in fish treated with T2 followed by T1 and T3 in comparison to control group. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also recorded in T2. When fish fed with the supplemented feed their hematological parameters were also improved. The maximum RBC, WBC, PCV and Hb were observed in T2 treatment as compare to other treatment and control diet. MCV and MCH values were decrease during the experimental period. So the conclusion of the study was that the turmeric supplemented cluster bean cake improves the growth performance and haematology of common carp.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Eichhornia crassipes in diet to enhance the growth performance of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758)(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-08) Ruksar; Gajender SinghThis research aimed to study the effect of Eichhornia crassipes leaves powder on the growth performance of Cyprinus carpio. In this investigation, common carp fingerlings were divided into four different groups fed on diets containing different concentrations of water hyacinth used as experimental feed incorporated with the commercial diet including T1 (commercial diet + 5% water hyacinth), T2 (commercial diet + 10% water hyacinth), T3 (commercial diet + 15% water hyacinth) and Control (only commercial diet) for 90 days. The physico-chemical parameters of water in all the treatments remained within the optimum range recommended for C. carpio fingerlings. The maximum 96.67% survivability was observed in T2 but significantly (P≤0.05) not differed among the group. The maximum weight gain (61.64 g) and length gain (17.09 cm) were observed in T2. The growth parameters viz. SGR, ADG and percentage increment in weight and length significantly (P≤0.05) improved in T2 followed by T1, T3 and control group, respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also better for T2. Maximum crude protein (38.47%) was also recorded in T2 during biochemical estimation of experimental feed followed by T1, T3 and control group. So that, in carcass composition maximum crude protein was also observed in T2 (52.80%) followed by T1, T3 and control group. The overall, results indicated that E. crassipes leaves powder up to 10% enhanced the growth parameters of C. carpio.ThesisItem Open Access Study of avian faunal diversity in and around district Fatehabad (Haryana)(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Jangra, Lakshay; RavikantThe present investigation deals with the study of avian faunal diversity in the selected study areas of District Fatehabad, Haryana. The damage caused by the birds in major cultivated Kharif crops in the study area, Pearl Millet and Sorghum, were also studied. Periodic weekly visits were conducted in the morning and later in the evening hours in the selected study areas of Fatehabad: Badopal village, Dhangar village, Chilli Lake, Bhodia village pond and their nearby regions. Various methods were used to study birds' diversity, such as the Line Transect and Point Count methods. Ninety-one bird species were found during the study period belonging to 18 orders and 41 families. The family Muscicapidae was dominant, containing eight bird species, followed by Anatidae, containing seven bird species and the family Columbidae containing five bird species. Family Motacillidae also included five bird species. Family Accipitiridae contained four bird species. The rest of the families had a low amount of species diversity. It was found that 36 species had IUCN status of Least Concern (Stable), and 21 were Least Concern (increasing). Also, 21 species had a status of Least Concern (Decreasing), 11 had Least Concern (Unknown), and two species were found to be Near Threatened (Decreasing). Damage caused by birds in major Kharif crops in the study area, Pearl Millet and Sorghum, was studied. These crops are sown in July and harvested in November. Damage was seen at the various stages of crops: sowing stage, seedling stage, milk stage and ripened stage. 9 bird species were found to damage the crops. Both crop fields were present close to each other, so the birds were damaging both crops at various stages at different levels. Severe bird pests were Jungle Babbler, Rose-ringed Parakeet, Red-vented Bulbul and Baya Weaver, as they were present in the field in a large population at a time (more than 15). A survey was conducted in the study area regarding damage caused by birds in these crops, and it was found that birds were most active in the morning and evening. Most farmers were annoyed by the birds and required reliable bird-resistant solutions.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance and hematological parameters of Catla catla L.(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Sharma, Sakshi; Dahiya, TejpalIn the present study conducted for 90 days (3 months), probiotic S. cerevisiae was taken to observe its effect on growth performance and haematology of 160 healthy Catla fingerlings with an average weight and length of 9.3 gm , 7.2 cm respectively. Four treatment groups with four replicates were formed, Control without probiotic supplementation and three group T1, T2, T3 with different concentration of probiotic i.e 2%, 4% and 6% S. cerevisiae. All 160 fingerlings were distributed in four replicates of each group, with 10 fingerlings in each 100 L capacity tub. All growth parameters and water quality parameters were measured fortnightly. All three probiotic supplemented group showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference in growth and haematology as compared to control group. In comparison to unsupplemented control group all growth parameters were observed higher in all three supplemented group and maximum values were observed in T2 (4% probiotic). Maximum survival rate with value 95% was also observed in T2. All haematology parameters such as Hb, RBC, WBC, PCV all were observed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in T2 and least values in unsupplemented control group. Allmost water quality parameters monitored for whole experimental period were found within acceptable range. These results suggested that administration of probiotic (S. cerevisiae) in feed confers beneficial effects for fish culture, considering growth performance, haematology and water quality.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of heavy metals toxicity on mortality, bio-molecules and antioxidative enzymes of Eudrilus eugeniae(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020) Mahima; Gupta, R.K.Earthworms are potentially the most important constituents of the soil biota in respect of soil formation and maintenance of structure and fertility of soil. Recent years have witnessed the contamination of soil ecosystem by heavy metals, which are considered to be one of the major environmental issues. Earthworms are terribly affected by soil pollution because of their strong interaction with soil. Heavy metals in increased concentrations have a variety of harmful effects on the viability, density, cocoon production, sexual development and growth of worms. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of heavy metals on mortality, bio-molecules and antioxidative enzymes of E. eugeniae. The results showed the acute toxicity of two heavy metals individually as well as in combination of different concentrations on earthworms in a dose dependent manner which was evaluated in terms of mortality, growth (length and weight), cocoon production, bio-molecules and antioxidative enzymes. Maximum reduction in length (4.30 cm) and weight (0.42 g) of earthworm was seen in case of soil treated with Zn-0.1 ppm as compared to control. Maximum mortality of earthworms was 30% and number of cocoons reduced upto 29.67 in case of Zn-0.1 ppm contaminated soil. The maximum reduction in bio-molecules i.e. 19.63% in crude protein 28.57% in carbohydrate and 42.41% in crude lipid concentration was seen in earthworms treated with Zn-0.1 ppm. In case of antioxidative enzymes, there was an increase in the activities of antixidative enzymes due to oxidative stress induced by heavy metals. SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and POD (peroxidise) showed a maximum increase in activity at highest concentration of Zn (0.1 ppm) which was 10.26 U/mg protein and 0.77 U/mg protein respectively. Thus the study proves that zinc is more toxic and detrimental to earthworms as compared to cobalt.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of losses due to Suidasia nesbitti (Acari: Acaridae) in pearl millet and its management(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020-06) Seema; Gulati, RachnaThe average population of S. nesbitti increased significantly at each observation period. Pearl millet flour was found significantly better as more number of mites (364.14 mites/ 5g flour) were recorded than on pearl millet grains (277.28 mites/ 5g grain). The weight was 5.000 g at 0 day which decreased significantly to 4.875, 4.710 g in grain and flour at 180 days of infestation. Biochemical estimation of infested grains and flour revealed decrease in total soluble sugars (22.100, 21.067 mg/ g), non-reducing sugar (13.000, 12.36 mg/ g), starch (545.100, 468.100mg/g) and protein (106.133, 87.733mg/g) after 180 days of infestation, respectively as compared to 23.100, 14.440, 597 and 113.250 at 0 days. A significant negative correlation of S. nesbitti population with weight loss, total soluble sugar content, non-reducing sugars, starch, protein in grain (r= - 0.993, - 0.971, -0.991, - 0.790, -0.966) and flour (r= - 0.983, -0.999, -0.983, -0.991, -0.964) was obtained. Reducing sugars showed a significant increase from 8.660 to 9.100 mg/ g in pearl millet grains. Germination in grains decreased from 90 to 7.14 per cent after 120 days of infestation. In the last two durations (150 and 180 days), no seed was germinated in seeds having 518.66 and 662 mite population. Aqueous extracts of Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica) fruits, lemon (Citrus sinensis) and orange (Citrus limon) peels were evaluated under in vitro conditions against S. nesbitti. With higher concentrations of 4 and 8 per cent of both the botanicals, Aonla fruit and lemon peel provided 100 per cent protection against S. nesbitti except lemon peel at 4 per cent (81.65% protection). Aqueous extract of orange peel provided 100 per cent protection against S. nesbitti at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 per cent concentration at 1day after treatment. Among the botanicals, orange peel extract is more toxic to S. nesbitti than the Aonla fruit and lemon peel extract.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of herbicides, organic wastes and seasonal variations on growth parameters and fecundity of E.fetida(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020-06) Anshu; Dharambir SinghEarthworms are major contributors to soil biodiversity; they are basic driver of abiotic and biotic soil properties,therefore also known as major ecosystem engineers in terrestrial soils due to their contribution in pedogenesis. E. fetida minimizes the pollution danger caused by organic wastes degradation and internationally used as reference animal for toxicity tests. Environmental variations in temperature and organic waste affect the respiration, metabolism, growth parameters and reproductive potential of earthworms. Use of agrochemicals like pesticides, herbicides and inorganic fertilizers on large scale to enhance agriculture production have negative effects on earthworms and they are killed as non targeted organisms. Non judicious use of agrochemicals could induce the damage at genetic level, disruption in enzyme activities, reduction in survival, reproduction and growth rate and ultimately decrease in the total earthworm biomass. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of herbicides, organic wastes and seasonal variations on survival, growth parameters, fecundity and immune system of E. fetida. Different doses of herbicides viz. Pendimethalin and Glyphosate were used individually and in combinations. Survival and fecundity were affected and minimum number of survived adult earthworm and cocoon collected were 17.6±0.33 and 19.6±0.66, respectively in worms treated with Pendimethalin+Glyphosate @1.50+2.50 μl/kg after 90th day of experiment. Similarly, minimum body weight (0.40±0.06 gram) and length gain (6.56±0.34 cm) were observed in the same treatment. Immune system was also affected and significant reduction in the total number and types of coelomocytes (65.6%), eleocytes, amoebocytes-I, amoebocytes-II, granulocytes-I and granulocytes- II was recorded in worms exposed to Pendimethalin+ Glyphosate @1.50+2.50μl/kg. Different season and substrates significantly affected the growth and survival of earthworms. Mixed substrate (Cow+ Buffalo dung) among the three was found most appropriate for rearing earthworms and maximum survived adult worms, cocoons count, length and body weight was 48, 69.6, 79 cm and 0.82gms, respectively during summer season. Buffalo dung was more suitable in summer season whereas, cow dung in winter.
