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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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20224
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Subject: Zoology × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages against aeromonads from fish culture ponds
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-09) Nokhwal, Alka; Ravikant
    An increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance amongst aeromonads, which are both fish pathogens and emerging opportunistic human pathogens, has been observed worldwide. Currently, Aeromonas is regarded as a reliable indicator organism for water quality, and it can be used to assess the occurrence, emergence, and spread of AMR in aquatic environments. Present study documents the high prevalence of A. veronii isolates (65%) followed by A. hydrophila (11.2%), A. jandaei (5.1%) and A. caviae (4%) in the village pond waters in/around district Hisar (Haryana, India), the abundance being an indicative of conditional pathogenicity for the fish health and may cause disease outbreaks and morbidities, as well as its a public and livestock health concern. Also, the prevailing water quality parameters of the pond waters is challenging e.g., high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC), for the fish culture and hence must regularly be monitored. The Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) profile of the isolated Aeromonas isolates indicates the restricted use of most antimicrobial drugs in fish culture however, the high resistance observed to nalidixic acid (41%), cefoxitin (33%) and imipenem (7%) in addition to occurrence of 10% Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL), 33% AmpC β-Lactamases (ACBL) and 30% MDR isolates is alarming and may be a result of cross-contamination from the human and livestock antimicrobial usage as evident by the largely common use of pond water viz. major public health hazard. Keeping the above concern in view, our study has isolated 34 new bacteriophages that infect Aeromonas, 3 phages that infect Stenotrophomonas and 2 phages against Pseudomonas which show a high biodiversity of bacteriophages present in the fish ponds. Further, the biological characterization and experimental findings on the isolated phages show their specificity for several bacterial isolates i.e., broad biological spectrum and wide stability range. This consortium of phages can be effective for their use in phage therapy in case of affected groups as potential bactericidal approach.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Avian diversity and damage potential in selected horticultural crops in and around Hisar
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-09) Kiran; Dharambir Singh
    The present investigation was carried out at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and nearby village Salemgarh for avian diversity, foraging behaviour, damage potential in selected horticultural crops in and around Hisar along with isolation and characterization of bacteria from faecal matter of frugivorous birds. During the study, total 101 bird‘s species belonging to 17 orders, 43 families and 86 genera of class aves were observed and identified. The species richness was recorded maximum at farmland with 89 species followed by main campus with 84 species while 64 and 51 species were reported at Orchard 1 and Orchard 2 respectively. The major horticultural crops were guava and ber and the maximum damage by birds was reported in ber crop at both the location, followed by summer and winter guava crop and the damage was maximum at location-II as compared to location-I. Rose-ringed Parakeet was the worst avian pest at both the location. The maximum pestilence was caused by Rose-ringed Parakeet, followed by Alexandrine Parakeet, Red-vented Bulbul, Brown headed Barbet and Western Koel in guava crop at location-I. The frugivorous species which inflicted damage to guava crop were Rose-ringed Parakeet, followed by Alexandrine Parakeet, Red vented Bulbul at location-II. Rose-ringed Parakeet, Alexandrine Parakeet, Yellow footed-Green pigeon, Red-vented Bulbul and Brown headed Barbet were the major frugivorous bird species which caused damage to ber crop at location-I and Rose-ringed Parakeet was the only species which caused damage to ber crop at location-II. The bird damage was maximum, 18.74 and 17.33% in indian ber crop during September, 2019 to March, 2020 and September, 2020 to March, 2021 respectively. Bacterial isolates belonging to 15 genera and 14 species were isolated and identified from faecal matter of frugivorous bird species. Pseudomonas was the most abundant and dominant bacteria among all the 29 isolates. The bacterial diversity was found higher in Red-vented Bulbul followed by Brown headed Barbet, Alexandrine Parakeet and Rose-ringed Parakeet. A total of 6 species (Yellow-footed Green pigeon, Rose-ringed Parakeet, Alexandrine Parakeet, Red-vented Bulbul, Brown headed Barbet, Western Koel) were recorded to feed on selected 13 crops in the study area which belongs to family Columbiformes, Psittaciformes, Pycnonotidae, Megalaimidae and Cuculidae.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of bacterial pathogens of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) and their management through herbal extracts
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, 2022-07) Bamel, Karuna; Gulati, Rachna
    The enterprise and personal profile of shrimp farmers of Punjab and Rajasthan showed that 50-60% operated their farms on lease basis, 60% were registered with Costal Aquaculture Authority, 90 % used their own money,70-80 percent used solar power in addition to generators. Forty percent of shrimp farmers in Punjab and 60 percent in Rajasthan were having farm area of 6 to 10 acres (2-4 ha). 40-60 % maintained high stocking density (> 1.5 lacks/acre), took two crops per year and received 300-350 Rs/Kg for shrimps with an income of 2-4 lacks/acre/season. In Rajasthan, 40 percent of shrimp farmers were educated to the graduate level, followed by higher secondary education (30%), while in Punjab, 40 percent were educated to the secondary level. Males dominated (90%) the shrimp farming sector, majority of shrimp farmers were between the ages of 30 and 40, closely followed by 20-40 years and had less than 5 years of experience. The yield was positively correlated with the stocking density (r=0.46) and negatively correlated with shrimp sampling (r= -0.48). White muscle, vibriosis, loose shell, black gill, white faecal matter, AHPND, EHP and IHHN were the most common diseases reported in surveyed farms. Significant positive correlation coefficient of percentage infection in shrimp pond water with salinity, TDS, Na, Cl, K, Mg, TSS, total hardness, EC, turbidity, Calcium hardness was recorded. Thirty two bacterial isolates were isolated from diseased shrimps having symptoms like white gut, transparent or pale body, red telson with lesions. The isolates were found to be from Vibrio, Shewanella, Staphylococcus, Pasturella, Escherichia and Klebsiella genus. The present study reported the first report of Shewanella khirikhana, a shrimp pathogen in India. Fourteen isolates (Vibrio sp.) of the present study are potential new species of Vibrio whose only taxon (LCUE_s) is identified. Vibrio spp., S. alage, S. khirikhana and combination of Vibrio and Shewanella isolates, at 104, 105, 106 CFU/ml caused mortality and decreased the growth parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei. The MIC of Curcuma longa, Tinospora cordifolia, Coriander sativumwas10, 15, 25 mg/ml against S. algae and 15, 20, 25 mg/ml against Vibrio sp. C. longa was most effective against the bacterial challenged shrimps followed by T. cordifolia and C. sativum. The mean length, weight, SGR, biomass, total protein, carbohydrate, lipids, total haemocyte count were significantly higher in shrimps treated with different herbal extracts than bacterial challenged shrimps. The concentration of antioxidative enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were higher in Vibrio sp. and S. algae challenged shrimps. The enzymes were high in haepatopancreas followed by muscle, haemolymph. The potential probiotic strains, Bacillus subtilis BAA3 and B. subtilis BAA96 showed antimicrobial properties against Vibrio sp. and S. algae. B. subtilis BAA3 was more effective as probiotics than B. subtilis BAA96. The shrimps treated with B. subtilis strains exhibited higher survival, better growth parameters than bacterial challenged shrimps. Histopathological studies showed necrotic hepatic tubules, ruptured basement membrane, loss of normal B, R and F cells in bacterial challenged shrimps. BOD and pH of probiotics treated shrimp water was lower on termination of experiment than on 0 day.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Avifaunal diversity assessment andfecal matter screening for bacterial components from selected locations
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, 2022-07) Priya; Dharambir Singh
    Avifaunal diversity assessment and fecal matter analysis for presence of bacterial micro biota was carried out from July 2019 to February 2022 and samples were collected from selected locations of Haryana. Line transacts point count and focal scan sampling methods adopted to record the avian diversity and activity pattern of avian species. A total of 99 species were identified at farmlands of CCSHAU Hisar. Agricultural crops at research farm area were found an ideal habitat for avian community organization as 62, 55, 53 and 40 bird species were found inhabiting mustard, pearl millet, wheat and cotton fields respectively. Some avian pests of agricultural crop were also identified, among them Psittacula krameri was found as most notorious one. More damage was reported in grain/seed bearing crops like pearl millet and mustard compared to cotton. Basai wetlands, an Important Bird Area were inhabited by 119 avian species from October, 2019 to September, 2021. More diversity was recorded during post COVID period which may be related to less anthropogenic activities in or around the wetlands. Birds are considered as best bio indicators of microbial and heavy metal pollution in any ecosystem. A total of 26 bacterial species of 14 genera were isolated from fecal matter of birds, many among them, such as Aeromonas spp., Escherichia spp., Plesiomonas spp. are opportunistic human pathogens. Heavy metal analysis of fecal matter showed significant spatial variations. Most of the heavy metals were found in highest concentration in the samples collected from Basai wetlands that may be attributed to the higher pollution level at the site due to urban developmental activities.